Addis Ababa Agreement

  • Country/entity
    Comoros
    Anjouan
  • Region
    Africa (excl MENA)
    Africa (excl MENA)
  • Agreement name
    Addis Ababa Agreement
  • Date
    13 Dec 1997
  • Agreement status
    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement
    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level
    Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Anjouan Crisis (1997 - 2008) )
  • Stage
    Pre-negotiation/process
  • Conflict nature
    Government/territory
  • Peace process
    Comoros-Anjouan islands peace process
  • Parties
    The Comorian parties (the Government, Anjouan, Moheli and Grande Comore, and the Opposition: Forum/Federation/PRC and National Union for Development/National Front for Justice)

    For the delegation of Ndzuwani (Anjouan):
    Ali MOUMINE

    For the delegation of Mwali (Moheli):
    Mohamed FAZUL

    For the delegation of Ngazidja (Grande Comore):
    Ali Abdou EL ANIOU

    For the delegation of the Opposition
    Forum/Federation/PRC:
    Moustoifa Said CHEIKH Mohamed Said MCHANGAMA

    For the delegation of the National Union for Development/
    National Front for Justice:
    Ahmed Elarif HAMIDI Tolbrane HOUMADI

    For the delegation of the Government: Mouzaoir ABDALLAH
  • Third parties
    (a) The member States of the Central Organ of the OAU Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution (Zimbabwe, Cameroon, Burkina Faso);
    (b) The countries of the region (Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, South Africa and the United Republic of Tanzania);
    (c) The permanent members of the Security Council (China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America);
    (d) the League of Arab States;
    (e) The United Nations;
    (f) The European Union.

    Signatories
    For the Organization of African Unity:
    Ambassador Pierre L. YERE Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of OAU to the Comoros
  • Description
    Through this agreement, parties (1) request the establishment of an international commission of inquiry for crimes committed during the crisis; (2) call for an Inter-Island Comorian Conference with a view to defining a new institutional framework meeting the legitimate aspirations of the Comorians; (3) and agree to establish a commission in charge of implementing the Agreement.


Groups

  • Children/youth

    No specific mention.

  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons

    No specific mention.

  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender

    No specific mention.

  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)
    Page 1, Article 3:
    The Comorian parties agreed to hold, as soon as possible, under the auspices of OAU and according to the format of the Addis Ababa International Conference, an Inter-Island Comorian Conference with a view to defining a new institutional framework meeting the legitimate aspirations of the Comorians. In this regard, the Comorian parties noted the firm position expressed by OAU, the United Nations, the League of Arab States and the European Union on the unity and territorial integrity of the Comoros.
  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections

    No specific mention.

  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.


Power sharing

  • Political power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general

    No specific mention.

  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.


Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication

    No specific mention.

  • Mobility/access

    No specific mention.

  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other

    No specific mention.


Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction

    No specific mention.

  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds
    Page 2, Article 6:
    The Comorian parties took note with satisfaction of the decision of OAU, in cooperation with the international community, particularly the United Nations, the League of Arab States and the European Union, to convene a round table of donors with a view to mobilizing international assistance for the development of the Comoros. In the meantime, they appeal for urgent assistance to the Comoros.
  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees

    No specific mention.

  • Ceasefire

    No specific mention.

  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces

    No specific mention.

  • DDR

    No specific mention.

  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces

    No specific mention.

  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.


Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism
    Page 1, Article 2:
    The Comorian parties pondered the situation existing in their country, particularly the crisis in Anjouan and Moheli. In that regard, they deeply regretted the military actions carried out in the two islands of Anjouan and Moheli, as well as the loss of human lives, injuries and destruction of property. Consequently, they requested the establishment of an international commission of inquiry, which would be requested to identify the responsibilities, evaluate the damage caused on the two islands during the crisis and propose measures likely to enable the victims to obtain the necessary compensation.
  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims
    Page 1, Article 2:
    The Comorian parties pondered the situation existing in their country, particularly the crisis in Anjouan and Moheli. In that regard, they deeply regretted the military actions carried out in the two islands of Anjouan and Moheli, as well as the loss of human lives, injuries and destruction of property. Consequently, they requested the establishment of an international commission of inquiry, which would be requested to identify the responsibilities, evaluate the damage caused on the two islands during the crisis and propose measures likely to enable the victims to obtain the necessary compensation.
  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations
    Transitional justice→Reparations→Material reparations
    Page 1, Article 2:
    The Comorian parties pondered the situation existing in their country, particularly the crisis in Anjouan and Moheli. In that regard, they deeply regretted the military actions carried out in the two islands of Anjouan and Moheli, as well as the loss of human lives, injuries and destruction of property. Consequently, they requested the establishment of an international commission of inquiry, which would be requested to identify the responsibilities, evaluate the damage caused on the two islands during the crisis and propose measures likely to enable the victims to obtain the necessary compensation.
  • Reconciliation

    No specific mention.


Implementation

  • UN signatory
    With the participation of official observers, representing: … (e) The United Nations
  • Other international signatory
    (a) The member States of the Central Organ of the OAU Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution (Zimbabwe, Cameroon, Burkina Faso);
    (b) The countries of the region (Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, South Africa and the United Republic of Tanzania);
    (c) The permanent members of the Security Council (China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America);
    (d) the League of Arab States;
    (e) The United Nations;
    (f) The European Union.

    Signatories:
    For the Organization of African Unity:
    Ambassador Pierre L. YERE Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of OAU to the Comoros
  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar
    Page 1, Article 3:
    The Comorian parties agreed to hold, as soon as possible, under the auspices of OAU and according to the format of the Addis Ababa International Conference, an Inter-Island Comorian Conference with a view to defining a new institutional framework meeting the legitimate aspirations of the Comorians. In this regard, the Comorian parties noted the firm position expressed by OAU, the United Nations, the League of Arab States and the European Union on the unity and territorial integrity of the Comoros.

    Page 2, Article 5:
    The Comorian parties agreed to establish a commission in charge of implementing the Agreement, comprising the representatives of all the Comorian parties to the International Conference and chaired by OAU.

    Page 2, Article 6:
    The Comorian parties took note with satisfaction of the decision of OAU, in cooperation with the international community, particularly the United Nations, the League of Arab States and the European Union, to convene a round table of donors with a view to mobilizing international assistance for the development of the Comoros. In the meantime, they appeal for urgent assistance to the Comoros.
  • Enforcement mechanism
    Page 2, Article 5:
    The Comorian parties agreed to establish a commission in charge of implementing the Agreement, comprising the representatives of all the Comorian parties to the International Conference and chaired by OAU.
  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    http://peacemaker.un.org/

Addis Ababa Agreement adopted at the International Conference on the Comoros, held in Addis Ababa from 10 to 13 December 1997

1. The Comorian parties (the Government, Anjouan, Moheli and Grande Comore,

and the Opposition:

Forum/Federation/PRC and National Union for Development/National Front for Justice) met in Addis Ababa within the framework of the International Conference on the Comoros, organized under the auspices of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) from 10 to 13 December 1997, with the participation of official observers, representing:

(a) The member States of the Central Organ of the OAU Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution (Zimbabwe, Cameroon, Burkina Faso);

(b) The countries of the region (Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, South Africa and the United Republic of Tanzania);

(c) The permanent members of the Security Council (China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America);

(d) the League of Arab States;

(e) The United Nations;

(f) The European Union.

2. The Comorian parties pondered the situation existing in their country, particularly the crisis in Anjouan and Moheli.

In that regard, they deeply regretted the military actions carried out in the two islands of Anjouan and Moheli, as well as the loss of human lives, injuries and destruction of property.

Consequently, they requested the establishment of an international commission of inquiry, which would be requested to identify the responsibilities, evaluate the damage caused on the two islands during the crisis and propose measures likely to enable the victims to obtain the necessary compensation.

3. The Comorian parties agreed to hold, as soon as possible, under the auspices of OAU and according to the format of the Addis Ababa International Conference, an Inter-Island Comorian Conference with a view to defining a new institutional framework meeting the legitimate aspirations of the Comorians.

In this regard, the Comorian parties noted the firm position expressed by OAU, the United Nations, the League of Arab States and the European Union on the unity and territorial integrity of the Comoros.

4. The Comorian parties pledged to continue their dialogue with a view to establishing the conditions conducive to the convening of the proposed Conference.

5. The Comorian parties agreed to establish a commission in charge of implementing the Agreement, comprising the representatives of all the Comorian parties to the International Conference and chaired by OAU.

6. The Comorian parties took note with satisfaction of the decision of OAU, in cooperation with the international community, particularly the United Nations, the League of Arab States and the European Union, to convene a round table of donors with a view to mobilizing international assistance for the development of the Comoros.

In the meantime, they appeal for urgent assistance to the Comoros.

Done in Addis Ababa, 13 December 1997, in the presence of the official observers.

For the delegation of For the delegation of Ndzuwani (Anjouan): Mwali (Moheli):

Ali MOUMINE Mohamed FAZUL

For the delegation of Ngazidja

(Grande Comore):

Ali Abdou EL ANIOU

For the delegation of For the delegation of the the Opposition National Union for Development/

Forum/Federation/PRC:

National Front for Justice:

Moustoifa Said CHEIKH Ahmed Elarif HAMIDI

Mohamed Said MCHANGAMA Tolbrane HOUMADI

For the delegation of the Government:

Mouzaoir ABDALLAH

For the Organization of African Unity:

Ambassador Pierre L. YERE

Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of OAU to the Comoros