Fashoda Peace Agreement

  • Country/entity
    South Sudan
    Sudan
  • Region
    Africa (excl MENA)
    Africa (excl MENA)
  • Agreement name
    Fashoda Peace Agreement
  • Date
    20 Sep 1997
  • Agreement status
    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement
    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level
    Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Sudan Conflicts (1955 - ) )
  • Stage
    Framework/substantive - partial
  • Conflict nature
    Government/territory
  • Peace process
    Sudanese (North-South) peace process
  • Parties
    Cdr. James Gatduel Gatluak, Vice Chairman of SPLM-United; Cdr. Akwoch Mayong Jago, Secretary for Military Affairs; Mr. Musa el Mek Kur, Minister of Animal Resources, Sudan Government; Major General Bushra Osman Yousif, Upper Nile Military Cdr.
  • Third parties
    -
  • Description
    Parties discussed and agreed on amendments and additions to the Sudan Peace Agreement (21/04/1997), which included the legality of SPLM-United status and participation in the political and constitutional processes during the interim period and that the parties have the right to freely propagate their respective options for a referendum among the people. Additionally, the parties agreed that the 14th Constitutional Decree may not be amended except by two-thirds majority of the Co-coordinating Council and jointly confirmed by both the advisory council and the ten Southern States' Assembly.

Groups

  • Children/youth

    No specific mention.

  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons

    No specific mention.

  • Social class

    No specific mention.

Gender

  • Women, girls and gender

    No specific mention.

  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.

State definition

  • Nature of state (general)

    No specific mention.

  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum
    2.The parties to the agreement shall have the right to freely propagate their respective options in the referendum among the people.
  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.

Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections

    No specific mention.

  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform
    Governance→Political parties reform→Rebels transitioning to political parties
    1. The SPLM-United shall be guaranteed full legality of status and participation in the political and constitutional processes in the Sudan during the interim period.
  • Civil society

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution
    Governance→Constitution→Constitutional reform/making
    1. The SPLM-United shall be guaranteed full legality of status and participation in the political and constitutional processes in the Sudan during the interim period.

    3. The 14th Constitutional Decree may not amended except by (2/3) two thirds majority of the Co-ordinating Council and confirmed by a joint session of the advisory council and the ten Southern States’ Assembly in a meeting to be held for that purpose at the seat of the Co-ordinating Council.

Power sharing

  • Political power sharing
    Power sharing→Political power sharing→General
    State level
    Page 1,
    1.The SPLM-United shall be guaranteed full legality of status and participation
    in the political and constitutional processes in the Sudan during the interim
    period.
    Power sharing→Political power sharing→Form of 'veto' or communal majority
    State level
    3. The 14th Constitutional Decree may not amended except by (2/3) two thirds majority of the Co-ordinating Council and confirmed by a joint session of the advisory council and the ten Southern States’ Assembly in a meeting to be held for that purpose at the seat of the Co-ordinating Council.
  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general

    No specific mention.

  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.

Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication

    No specific mention.

  • Mobility/access

    No specific mention.

  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other

    No specific mention.

Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction

    No specific mention.

  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.

Security sector

  • Security Guarantees

    No specific mention.

  • Ceasefire

    No specific mention.

  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces

    No specific mention.

  • DDR

    No specific mention.

  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces

    No specific mention.

  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.

Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims

    No specific mention.

  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation

    No specific mention.

Implementation

  • UN signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Other international signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Enforcement mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    Peacemaker.un.org,. 2015. 'UN Peacemaker'. http://peacemaker.un.org.

THE FASHODA PEACE AGREEMENT

The delegations of the Sudan Government and the Sudan People’ s Liberation Movement (SPLM-United) met in Fashoda on 18-20 September 1997 under the mediation and chairmanship of His Majesty Reth Kwongo Dak Padiet, the Reth of the Shilluk.

The opening session was addressed by His Majesty the Reth of the Shilluk, Dr. Riek Machar Teny, President of the Co-ordinating Council on

behalf of the Government of the Sudan, and Dr. Lam Akol Ajawin, Chairman of the SPLM – United on behalf of the Movement.

The two parties discussed the Sudan Peace Agreement of April 21, 1997.

After serious and frank discussions the two parties agreed on the following amendments and additions to the said agreement.

1.The SPLM-United shall be guaranteed full legality of status and participation in the political and constitutional processes in the Sudan during the interim period.

2.The parties to the agreement shall have the right to freely propagate their respective options in the referendum among the people.

3.The 14th Constitutional Decree may not amended except by (2/3) two thirds majority of the Co-ordinating Council and confirmed by a joint session of the advisory council and the ten Southern States’ Assembly in a meeting to be held for that purpose at the seat of the Co-ordinating Council.

4.The office of the President of the Co-ordinating Council shall fall vacant on:-

1) The end of the term of office.

2) Death

3) Permanent disability or incapacitation.

4) Resignation.

5)A motion of impeachment is carried by three quarters of the Advisory Council.

SIGNED

1. Cdr.

James Gatduel Gatluak 1.

Mr. Musa el Mek Kur

Vice Chairman of SPLM – United Minister of Animal Resources,

Sudan Government.

2. Cdr.

Akwoch Mayong Jago 2.

Major General Bushra Osman Yousif

Secretary for Military Affairs.

Upper Nile Military Cdr.