Declaration of Commitment to the Darfur Peace Agreement

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Country/entity: Sudan
Darfur
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Declaration of Commitment to the Darfur Peace Agreement
Date: 8 Jun 2006
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Renewal
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Darfur-Sudan peace process
Parties: Page 2,
On behalf of the attached list of members of SLM/A and JEM
[Note: signatures illegible]
Third parties: [Unknown - writing illegible]
Description: A short agreement recognizing previous commitments made by the Movements under prior agreements, and pledging support for the DPA.

Agreement document: SD_060608_Declaration of Commitment DPA.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 1,
...
RECOGNISING the commitments of our Movements under the following Agreements which form an integral part of the DPA:
- Agreement on Humanitarian Ceasefire on the Conflict in Darfur, of 8th day of April 2004;
- Protocol on the Establishment of Humanitarian Assistance of the 8th day of April 2004, N'djamena, Chad;
- Agreement with Sudanese Parties on the Modalities for the Establishment of the Ceasefire Commission and the Deployment of Observers in Darfur, of the 28thday of May, 2004;
- Protocol between the Government of the Sudan (GoS), the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) on the Improvement of the Humanitarian Situation in Darfur of 9 November 2005;"
- Protocol between the Government of the Sudan (GoS), the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) on the Enhancement of the Security Situation in Darfur of 9 November 2005;
- Declaration of Principles for the Resolution of the Sudanese Conflict in Darfur, of the 5thday of July 2005;
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1,
...
BEARING IN MIND the immense and continuing suffering of the civilian population and the deteriorating security and humanitarian situation in Darfur;

Page 1,
...
CONSCIOUS of the historic opportunity provided by the DPA to restore peace, security and stability in Darfur;
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1,
...
RECOGNISING the commitments of our Movements under the following Agreements which form an integral part of the DPA:
- Agreement on Humanitarian Ceasefire on the Conflict in Darfur, of 8th day of April 2004;
- Protocol on the Establishment of Humanitarian Assistance of the 8th day of April 2004, N'djamena, Chad;
- Agreement with Sudanese Parties on the Modalities for the Establishment of the Ceasefire Commission and the Deployment of Observers in Darfur, of the 28thday of May, 2004;
- Protocol between the Government of the Sudan (GoS), the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) on the Improvement of the Humanitarian Situation in Darfur of 9 November 2005;"
- Protocol between the Government of the Sudan (GoS), the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) on the Enhancement of the Security Situation in Darfur of 9 November 2005;
- Declaration of Principles for the Resolution of the Sudanese Conflict in Darfur, of the 5thday of July 2005;

Page 2,
...
WE, THE UNDERSIGNED HEREBY DECLARE THAT UPON SIGNATURE:
- We shall be bound by the letter and spirit of the DPA and shall assume and implement the relevant obligations arising therefrom,
especially those related to the Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement and the Arrangements agreed therein.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1,
HAVING PARTICIPATED in the negotiations which led to the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) signed by the Government of the Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (Minni Minawi), on 5th May 2006 and/or in our capacity as field commanders and responsible officers of the Darfur Movements;

Page 1,
...
RECOGNISING the commitments of our Movements under the following Agreements which form an integral part of the DPA:

Page 2,
NOTING that in spite of the very strong appeals by the African Union and the international community, notably the AU Peace and Security Council, the UN Security Council and several additional efforts by the AU and others to accommodate their concerns, the leaders of our Movements have refused to sign the DPA;

Page 2,
...
WE, THE UNDERSIGNED HEREBY DECLARE THAT UPON SIGNATURE:
- We commit ourselves to ensure that all the Organs, Committees and Structures under our control, including our members, shall comply
with the provisions of the DPA.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 2,
NOTING that in spite of the very strong appeals by the African Union and the international community, notably the AU Peace and Security Council, the UN Security Council and several additional efforts by the AU and others to accommodate their concerns, the leaders of our Movements have refused to sign the DPA;
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker
http://peacemaker.un.org/
http://peacemaker.un.org/sudan-declaration-commitment-DPA2006

DECLARATION OF COMMITMENT TO THE DARFUR PEACE AGREEMENT

HAVING PARTICIPATED in the negotiations which led to the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) signed by the Government of the Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (Minni Minawi), on 5th May 2006 and/or in our capacity as field commanders and responsible officers of the Darfur Movements;

RECOGNISING the commitments of our Movements under the following Agreements which form an integral part of the DPA:

- Agreement on Humanitarian Ceasefire on the Conflict in Darfur, of 8th day of April 2004;

- Protocol on the Establishment of Humanitarian Assistance of the 8th day of April 2004, N'djamena, Chad

- Agreement with Sudanese Parties on teh Modalities for the Establishment of the Ceasefire Commission and the Deployment of Observers in Darfur, of the 28th day of May, 2004;

- Protocol between the Government of Sudan (GoS), the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) on the Improvement of the Humanitarian Situation in Darfur of 9 November 2005;

- Protocol between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and the Justice and Equality Movement on the Enhancement of the Security Situation in Darfur of 9 November 2005;

- Declaration of the Principle for the Resolution of the Sudanese Conflict in Darfur, of the 5th Day of July 2005'

DESIROUS to fully and effectively abide by the provisions of the aforementioned agreements;

CONVINCED that the DPA takes into account the concerns and provides the framework to meet the aspirations of all the people of Darfur, as well will help usher in a new era of peace and security in Darfur;

BEARING IN MIND the immense and continuing sufferenting of the civilian population and the deteriorating security and humanitarian situation in Darfur;

CONSCIOUS of the historic opportunity provided by the DPA to restore peace, security and stability in Darfur;

NOTING that in spite of the very strong appeals by the African Union and the international community, notably the AU Peace and Security Council, the UN Security Council and several additional efforts by the AU and others to accomodate their concerns, the leaders of our movements have refused to sign the DPA;

COMMITTED to actively mobilise support for the DPA;

WE, THE UNDERSIGNED HEREBY DECLARE THAT UPON SIGNATURE

- we shall be bound by the letter and spirit of the DPA and shall assume and implement the relevant obligations arising thereform, especially those related to the Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement and the Arrangements agreed therein.

- We commit outselves to ensure that all the Organs, Committees and Structures under our control, including our members, shall comply with the provisions of the DPA.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF we append out signatures as evidence of our desire to be associated with the implementation of the Agreement and out commitment to fully assume our responsibility to the generality of the peace of Darfur.

Done this 8th day of June in the year 2006

On behalf of the attached list of members of SLM/A and JEM