The United Western Somali Liberation Front (UWSLF) on the Termination of the State of Insurgency

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Country/entity: Ethiopia
Ogaden
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: The United Western Somali Liberation Front (UWSLF) on the Termination of the State of Insurgency
Date: 29 Jul 2010
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Ogaden peace process
Parties: - Dr. Shiferaw Teklemariam, Minister, Ministry of Federal Affairs for the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FRDE)
- Sheik Ibrahim Ahmed Hussein, UWSLF Chairman, for the United Western Somali Liberation Front (UWSLF)
Third parties: -
Description: This short agreement terminates the state of insurgency in between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the The United Western Somali Liberation Front (UWSLF). It provides for a ceasefire, constitutional rights, integration and rehabilitation for ONLF members, right to return, and acceleration of development.

Agreement document: EH_100729_UWSLF termination of State of Insurgency.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
...
Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia;...
Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Substantive
Page 2-3, Article 2: Constitutional Rights:
The Parties agree that UWSLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
...
F. Rights of Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia, especially the right of self determination up to and including secession according to article 39 of the Ethiopian Constitution.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 3, Article 4: Right of Return:
The Parties agree that, as per Article 32 of tbe constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, this agreement calls upon all the people who have left the country because of the past conflicts between the Parties to return to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and make valuable contributions to the on-going development process.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
...
Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia; and full fledged regional government established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for promoting equitable development and peaceful way of propagating alternative program;

Page 2-3, Article 2: Constitutional Rights:
The Parties agree that UWSLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
...
F. Rights of Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia, especially the right of self determination up to and including secession according to article 39 of the Ethiopian Constitution.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: Governance→Constitution→Constitution affirmation/renewal
Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
Further convinced of the fact that human and democratic rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia had given substantial guarantees to the peoples of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to acquire constitution rights in a peaceful manner;
Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia; and full fledged regional government established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for promoting equitable development and peaceful way of propagating alternative program;

Page 2, Article 1: Article 1 Termination of the State of Insurgency:
...
3. The Parties agree that the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia shall be the basis for all rights demanded by the UWSLF.
...
5. ONLF agrees to abide by the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and all other laws of the country.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
Further convinced of the fact that human and democratic rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia had given substantial guarantees to the peoples of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to acquire constitution rights in a peaceful manner;

Page 2, Article 1: Article 1 Termination of the State of Insurgency:
...
3. The Parties agree that the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia shall be the basis for all rights demanded by the UWSLF.
...
5. ONLF agrees to abide by the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and all other laws of the country.
Bill of rights/similar: Page 2-3, Article 2: Constitutional Rights:
The Parties agree that UWSLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
A. Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion.
B. Right to Development.
C. Thought, Opinion and Expression.
D. Right to Property.
E. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
F. Rights of Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia, especially the right of self determination up to and including secession according to article 39 of the Ethiopian Constitution.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Equality
Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
...
Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia; and full fledged regional government established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for promoting equitable development and peaceful way of propagating alternative program;
Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Thought, opinion, conscience and religion
Page 2-3, Article 2: Constitutional Rights:
The Parties agree that UWSLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
A. Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion.
...
C. Thought, Opinion and Expression.
Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Other
Page 2-3, Article 2: Constitutional Rights:
The Parties agree that UWSLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
...
B. Right to Development.
...
F. Rights of Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia, especially the right of self determination up to and including secession according to article 39 of the Ethiopian Constitution.
Socio-economic rights: Human rights and equality→Socio-economic rights→Property
Page 2-3, Article 2: Constitutional Rights:
The Parties agree that UWSLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
...
D. Right to Property.
E. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Human rights and equality→Socio-economic rights→Other
Page 2-3, Article 2: Constitutional Rights:
The Parties agree that UWSLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
...
B. Right to Development.
...
E. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: Rights related issues→Citizenship→Citizens, specific rights
Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
...
Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia; and full fledged regional government established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for promoting equitable development and peaceful way of propagating alternative program;

Page 2-3, Article 2: Constitutional Rights:
The Parties agree that UWSLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
...
F. Rights of Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia, especially the right of self determination up to and including secession according to article 39 of the Ethiopian Constitution.
Democracy: Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
Further convinced of the fact that human and democratic rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia had given substantial guarantees to the peoples of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to acquire constitution rights in a peaceful manner;
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: Page 3, Article 4: Right of Return:
The Parties agree that, as per Article 32 of tbe constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, this agreement calls upon all the people who have left the country because of the past conflicts between the Parties to return to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and make valuable contributions to the on-going development process.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
...
Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia; and full fledged regional government established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for promoting equitable development and peaceful way of propagating alternative program;

Page 2-3, Article 2: Constitutional Rights:
The Parties agree that UWSLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
...
B. Right to Development.

Page 3, Article 3: Resettlement and Rehabilitation:
...
2. All members of UWSLF shall have the right to participate in the development process in all its aspects by joining the different institutions at both state and federal levels.

Page 3, Article 4: Right of Return:
The Parties agree that, as per Article 32 of tbe constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, this agreement calls upon all the people who have left the country because of the past conflicts between the Parties to return to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and make valuable contributions to the on-going development process.

Page 3, Article 5: Acceleration of Development:
Recognizing the cumulative effects of underdevelopment, compounded by the destructive effects of insurgency and inst abi lity in the Somali region, the Parties agree to fully cooperate in enhancing the all round development of the Somali region.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
...
Recognizing that the declaration of cease fire was a historic landmark in establishing long lasting peace and stability; and that it paves the way for the further development and advancement in all aspects of life;

Page 2, Article 1: Article 1 Termination of the State of Insurgency:
1. The state of insurgency which UWSLF has been conducting in the Somali regional state of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is hereby definitively terminated and peace is established.
...
4. The Parties agree that both have fulfilled their commitments in compliance with terms of cease fire agreed upon at Djibouti.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 3, Article 3: Resettlement and Rehabilitation:
1. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to take appropriate arrangements for the reception and welcoming of the members of the UWSLF by allocating resources to provide for rehabilitation and assistance as well as implementing suitable measures for the members' integration in the society.
2. All members of UWSLF shall have the right to participate in the development process in all its aspects by joining the different institutions at both state and federal levels.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 2, Article 1: Article 1 Termination of the State of Insurgency:
1. The state of insurgency which UWSLF has been conducting in the Somali regional state of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is hereby definitively terminated and peace is established.
2. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to release the UWSLF members who are in prisons.
3. The Parties agree that the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia shall be the basis for all rights demanded by the UWSLF.
4. The Parties agree that both have fulfilled their commitments in compliance with terms of cease fire agreed upon at Djibouti.
5. ONLF agrees to abide by the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and all other laws of the country.
6. The ONLF agrees to work together with the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to bring those the then ONLF remaining elements, who are not part of this process, into the peace agreement.

Page 2-3, Article 2: Constitutional Rights:
The Parties agree that UWSLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
A. Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion.
B. Right to Development.
C. Thought, Opinion and Expression.
D. Right to Property.
E. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
F. Rights of Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia, especially the right of self determination up to and including secession according to article 39 of the Ethiopian Constitution.

Page 3, Article 3: Resettlement and Rehabilitation:
1. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to take appropriate arrangements for the reception and welcoming of the members of the UWSLF by allocating resources to provide for rehabilitation and assistance as well as implementing suitable measures for the members' integration in the society.
2. All members of UWSLF shall have the right to participate in the development process in all its aspects by joining the different institutions at both state and federal levels.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 2, Article 1: Article 1 Termination of the State of Insurgency:
...
2. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to release the UWSLF members who are in prisons.
3. The Parties agree that the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia shall be the basis for all rights demanded by the UWSLF.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: On file with author

THE UNITED WESTERN SOMALI LIBERATION FRONT (UWSLF)

ON THE TERMINATION OF THE STATE OF INSURGENCY

The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the United Western Somali Liberation front (UWSLF) hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”,

Firmly convinced of the strategic and comprehensive peace in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia;

Reaffirming the parties’ adherence to the peace terms agreed upon in the first meeting held in Djibouti and the subsequent negotiations and meetings that were held since the declaration of ceasefire between the two parties dated March 2010;

Recognizing that the declaration of cease fire was a historic landmark in establishing long lasting peace and stability;

and that it paves the way for the further development and advancement in all aspects of life;

Further convinced of the fact that human and democratic rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia had given substantial guarantees to the peoples of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to acquire constitutional rights in a peaceful manner;

Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia;

and full fledged regional government is established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for promoting equitable development and peaceful way of propagating [illegible word]

Noting this agreement as a golden opportunity that will bring about a historical conciliation between the Parties which is a cornerstone for future progress and development that the people are in desperate need;

Inviting other parties concerned to join the peace process that had begun and overwhelmingly welcomed by the people at home and communities in Diaspora;

Have agreed as follows

Article 1

Termination of the state of Insurgency

The state of insurgency which UWSLF has been conducting in the Somali regional state of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is hereby definitively terminated and peace is established.

The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to release the UWSLF members who are in prisons.

The Parties agree that the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia shall be the basis for all rights demanded by the UWSLF.

The Parties agree that both have fulfilled their commitments in compliance with terms of ceasefire agreed upon at Djibouti.

UWSLF has agrees to abide by the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and all other laws of the country.

Article 2

Constitutional Rights

The Parties agree that UWSLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:

Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion.

Right to Development

Right of Thought, Opinion [illegible].

Right to Property.

Rights of Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples of Ethiopia, especially the right of self determination up to and including secession according to article 39 of the Ethiopian constitution.

Article 3

Resettlement & Rehabilitation

The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to take appropriate arrangements for the reception and welcoming of the members of the UWSLF by allocating resources to provide for rehabilitation and assistance as well as implementing suitable measures for the members’ integration into the society.

All members of UWSLF shall have the right to participate in the development process in all its aspects by joining the different institutions at both state and federal levels.

Article 4

Right of Return

The Parties agree that, as per Article 32 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, this agreement calls upon all the people who have left the country because of the past conflicts between the Parties to return to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and make valuable contributions to the on-going development process.

Article 5

Acceleration of Development

Recognizing the cumulative effects of underdevelopment, compounded by the destructive effects of insurgency and instability in the Somali region, the Parties agree to fully cooperate in enhancing the all round development of the Somali region.

Article 6

Entry into Force

This Agreement shall come into force on the date of its signature and shall remain in force indefinitely.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, duly authorized by their respective authorities, have signed this agreement.

Signed in Addis Ababa on the day 29th day of the month of July in the year [illegible] copies in the English language, both text being equally authentic.

Dr Shiferaw Teklemariam Sheikh Ibrahim Mohamed Hussein

Minister, Ministry of Federal Affairs Chairman, UWSLF

For For

For the Federal Democratic United Western Somali

Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Liberation Front (UWSLF)