Acuerdo, Normas Fundamentales de los Campamentos de Paz, EPL-Gobierno Nacional

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Acuerdo, Normas Fundamentales de los Campamentos de Paz, EPL-Gobierno Nacional
Date: 10 Oct 1990
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia I - Gaviria
Parties: Por el Mando Central del EPL: BERNARDO GUTIERREZ
Por la Consejeria Presidencial de Paz: JESUS ANTONIO BEJARANO A.
Third parties: -
Description: The agreement focuses on the designated camps for the EPL, and the rules governing the camps agreed between the EPL and the government for the members of the EPL during the negotiations, including food provision and medical attention. The only people allowed outside these camps are the legal representatives/spokespeople of the group. In addition, the parties agree on the establishment of a commission who will study programmes and projects for the education, employment and recreation of the combatants.

Agreement document: CO_901010_ACUERDO, NORMAS FUNDAMENTALES DE LOS CAMPAMENTOS DE PAZ EPL GOBIERNO NATIONAL - tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_901010_ACUERDO, NORMAS FUNDAMENTALES DE LOS CAMPAMENTOS DE PAZ EPL GOBIERNO NATIONAL.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1, Article 6,
In each of the towns where camps are located and as regards the civil population, EPL reaffirms its behaviour toward the property and assets of the public, as well as cohesion with the community and public activities.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Other
Page 2,

9. Outside the neutral area, the national army will establish the
measures required for the protection of the camp.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
[Summary: The whole agreements deals with DDR provisions, in this case the specific rules governing the EPL camps. For detailed provisions see civil society and rebel groups.]
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 2, Article 11,
At the point of entry to the camp, the council will establish a control post at which people, equipment and vehicles will be searched by the armed forces. At this point, anyone wishing to enter the camp must register their personal information on a form specially designed for this purpose.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Acuerdos con el EPL, MAQL y CRS, Diálogos con la CGSB, Biblioteca de la Paz – 1990-1994, Fundación Cultura Democrática, Ed. Álvaro Villarraga Sarmiento, Bogotá D.C., 2009 (book III) p. 151

AGREEMENT ON POPULAR LIBERATION ARMY CAMPS – NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

To facilitate the installation and operation of camps, the national government and the Popular Liberation Army (Ejército Popular de Liberación, EPL) agree the fundamental rules that will govern them:

Camps are sites where all EPL armed forces are grouped and their continued presence on these sites will depend on compliance with the agreement signed between the national government and EPL.

When the EPL armed forces move to camps, it will suspend all recruitment work.

From the moment all EPL forces are grouped in camps until their dissolution, the national government undertakes to provide food and meet their health requirements.

It will also permanently station a doctor, who will be coordinator of all activities of his/her specialisation, at each of the camps.

As long as the camps remain, only members of the organisation who are named as either legal representatives or members of political commissions agreed between the national government and EPL will be permitted to circulate outside them.

The national government will fund the infrastructure requirements to allow the force to move in to each of the camps.

In each of the towns where camps are located and as regards the civil population, EPL reaffirms its behaviour toward the property and assets of the public, as well as cohesion with the community and public activities.

For the duration of the phase in which EPL forces are concentrated in camps, the movement will be entitled to receive support from the community in money or in kind, but will strictly abstain from exercising any sort of pressure for this to occur.

Entry to camps will be free but controlled.

This means that all those who wish to do so may enter, except for public officials, who will be governed by Presidential Directive 34, 10 October 1990.

The insurgent group will be entitled to locate special protection points in the areas surrounding the site selected for the location of the camp.

This area and the area of the camps will be referred to as the Camp Zone.

The Camp Zone will be followed by an unpatrolled neutral strip.

Outside the neutral area, the national army will establish the measures required for the protection of the camp.

All camps that are established will have a single official access point that must be used by anyone who enters.

At this point, the government will establish a post for the control of all people entering the camp under the following terms.

EPL representatives will be allowed to be present at this site to monitor compliance with agreements in terms of the free access to camps.

At this site the presence of the armed forces will be allowed to support representatives of the council, with their work will be restricted to searching people, equipment and vehicles.

At the point of entry to the camp, the council will establish a control post at which people, equipment and vehicles will be searched by the armed forces.

At this point, anyone wishing to enter the camp must register their personal information on a form specially designed for this purpose.

These forms will only be processed by the Presidential Council for Reconciliation, Nationalisation and Restoration.

When the armed forces are concentrated in the camps, the government and EPL will form a commission to study programmes and projects for the education, work training and leisure of the members of the armed group, with the government committed to their subsequent implementation.