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Plate-forme de l'entente nationale

  • Country/entity

    Algeria
  • Region

    Middle East and North Africa
  • Agreement name

    Plate-forme de l'entente nationale
  • Date

    17 Sep 1996
  • Agreement status

    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement

    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level

    Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Algerian Civil War (1990 - 1998) )
  • Stage

    Framework/substantive - partial
  • Conflict nature

    Government
  • Peace process

    Algeria: Bouteflika Process
  • Parties

    LISTE DES PARTIS POLITIQUES, ORGANISATIONSET ASSOCIATIONS NATIONALES CONCERNES
    PAR LA SIGNATURE DE LA PLATE-FORME DE L'ENTENTE NATIONALE - 14 - 15 SEPTEMBRE 1996

    PARTIS POLITIQUES
    SBENHAMOUDA Boualem, Secrétaire général du Parti du Front de Libération Nationale
    TALEB Mohamed Chérif, Président du Parti National pour la Solidarité et le Développement
    BOUKROUH Noureddine, Président du Parti du Renouveau Algérien
    KHELIL Ahmed, Président du Parti Social Libéral
    DJABALLAH Abdellah, Président du Mouvement de la Nahda Islamique
    MERBAH Abdelkader Secrétaire général du Mouvement Algérien pour la Justice et le Développement
    NAHNAH Mahfoud, Président du Mouvement de la Société Islamique HAMAS
    MALEKRéda, Président de l'Alliance Nationale Républicaine
    BENDRIDI Ibrahim, Président du Front du Salut National
    BELHADJ Khelil, Président du Parti de l'Union Arabe Islamique Démqcratique
    SASSI Mebrouk, Secrétaire Général du Parti Progressiste Démocratique
    HAMIDOU Redouane, Président du Mouvement de la Jeunesse Démocratique
    LASSOUED Amar, Président du Mouvement des Forces Arabo-Islamiques
    ZEGHDOUD Ali, Président du Rassemblement Arabo-lslamique
    MEGDOUD Foudil, Président de l'Union du Peuple Algérien
    SAAD Mohamed, Président du Front du Djihad pour l'Unité
    YOUSFI Mohamed, Président du Front des Générations de l'indépendance
    SEDDIKI Abdelkrim, Coordinateur de l'Union pour la Démocratie et les Libertés
    TLEMÇANI Mustapha, Président 'du Front des Forces Populaires
    BELHAI Abdelkader, Président du Parti du Rassemblement National Algérien
    LEKAL Yacine, Président du Rassemblement pour L'Unité Nationale
    AINOUCHE Mohand Ameziane, Président du HIZBOLHAQ
    LAKHDARI Lazhar, Secrétaire général du Rassemblement des Jeunes de la Nation Algérienne
    SENIGR} Mohamed Ali, Président du Parti National Démocratique Socialiste
    BOUACHA Amar, Président du Mouvement National des Jeunes Algériens et Algériennes
    RABIE Naji, Président du Parti Libérateur Juste
    AKIF Abderrahmane, Président du Mouvement National pour la Nature et le Développement

    ORGANISATIONS NATIONALES
    BENHAMOUDA Abdelhak, Secrétaire général de l'Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens
    ABBES Mohamed Chérif, Secrétaire général de !'Organisation Nationale des Moudjahidine
    NAIMI Abdelkader, Secrétaire général de l'Union Nationale des Paysans Algériens et des Travailleurs du Secteur Agricole
    BENBAIBECHE Tahar, Secrétaire général de !'Organisation Nationale des Enfants de Chouhada
    BOUZGHOUB Mohamed Tahar, Président de l'Association Nationale des Retraités de l'A.N.P.
    KHALFA Mebarek, Secrétaire général de l'Organisation Nationale des Enfants de Moudjahidine
    TOUATI Moussa, Coordinateur national de la Coordination Nationale des Enfants de Chouhada

    ORGANISATIONS PATRONALES PUBLIQUES ET PRIVEES
    PATRONAT PUBLIC
    Mr. SLIMANI ALI, Secrétaire général del'Union Nationale des Entrepreneurs Publics (UNEP)
    Pour les associations suivantes:
    Fédération des Associations des Gestionnaires des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises Publiques
    Union Nationale des Entrepreneurs Publics

    PATRONAT PRIVE
    Mr. TITAH Mohamed Lamine, Président de la Confédération Algérienne du Patronat (CAP)
    Pour les associations suivantes:
    Association des Chefs d'Entreprises
    Confédération Générale des Opérateurs Economiques Algériens
    Confédération Algérienne du Patronat
    Confédération Nationale du Patronat Algérien
    Assoçiation pour la Promotion des Femmes Managers

    ASSOCIATIONS DE JEUNES
    Mr. BELAID Nourreddine, Commissaire Général des Scouts Musulmans Algériens (SMA)
    Pour les associations suivantes :
    Fédération Nationale des Associations des Personnes Handicapées
    Association Algérienne des Activités Scientifiques et Techniques de la Jeunesse
    Association Nationale des Activités de Plein-Air, de Loisirs et des Echanges de Jeunes
    Association Nationale de Volontariat (TOUIZA)
    Scouts Musulmans Algériens
    Association nationale pour la Promotion et la Protection de la Femme et de la jeune fille
    Union Nationale des Etudiants Algériens
    Association Nationale pour la Promotion et l'intégration des Jeunes
    Union Nationale de la Jeunesse Algérienne
    Association pour la Promotion de la Culture et du Tourisme Etudiant
    Association Nationale des Echanges de Jeunes
    Association Algérienne de l'information et de la Communication
    Union Générale des Etudiants Libres
    Association Algérienne des Jeunes Intellectuels
    Association Nationale Jeunes pour la Santé, la Culture et le Développement
    Association Nationale des Jeunes Avocats

    ASSOCIATIONS FEMININES
    Mme BARKI Aïcha Présidente de l'Association Nationale pour la Lutte contre l' Analphabétisme (IQRA)
    Pour les associations suivantes:
    Association Voix de Femmes,
    Association Nationale pour la Lutte contre l'Analphabétisme
    Mouvement des Femmes Algériennes pour la Solidarité avec la Famille Rurale
    Association Nationale des Familles Victimes du Terrorisme
    Associ.ation Nationale de Soutien aux Enfants en Difficulté en Institution
    Rassemblement des Femmes Nationalistes Algériennes
  • Third parties

    -
  • Description

    This agreement clarifies the basis of Algerian national identity and principles of political pluralism in the state. It defines the constitutive elements of the platform for national understanding being based on Islam, Berber, and Arab cultural component. Its annex provides for an electoral timetable.


Groups

  • Children/youth

    No specific mention.

  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group
    Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
    Page 1, I. PREAMBLE:
    [...]
    3 – The November Revolution was also a work of consolidation of the Algerian character in all its forms, a national character strengthened by its Islam, Arab and Amazigh identities.

    Page 3-4, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 1/ THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY:
    17 – In order to develop a pluralist democracy within a republican State and a united Nation with a clearly preserved identity, we must protect from the field of competitive politics and any partisan or political exploitation, the fundamental components of our national identity, which is the common heritage of every Algerian, namely:
    - Islam,
    - Arab,
    - Berber.

    Page 3-4, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 1/ THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY:
    - ARAB:
    24 – Arabic-Muslim values provide the Arab dimension of the national identity of the Algerian people.
    25 – The Arabic language has expanded and helped to spread the sacred Message to which the Algerian people have faithfully subscribed, and confirmed their attachment to Arabic as the national language. The Algerian people have contributed brilliantly to the development of the Arabic language, using it to help unite the nation and to withstand colonialism’s constant attempts to destroy their national identity.

    Page 3-4, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 1/ THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY:
    - BERBER :
    27 – Every Nation recognises itself in its History, which reflects its unity on the basis of its origins. This is the basis for specifying the personality and national identity of the Algerian Nation, which includes Berber, the heritage of all Algerians.
    [...]
    29 – As for the other components of national identity, it is in the Nation’s interests to protect the Berbers from any partisan or political exploitation.
    Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Substantive
    Page 3-4, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 1/ THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY:
    26 – The Arabic language, a basic attribute of the Algerian people, is one of the basic elements of national identity. It must be protected from any political, ideological or partisan instrumentalisation. State structures shall continue to be used to promote and develop it as the national and official language of the country.

    Page 3-4, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 1/ THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY:
    28 – The Berber dimension is a fundamental component of national identity. The State shall rehabilitate the Berbers, and promote the Berber language in the education, cultural and communication sectors.
  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons

    No specific mention.

  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender
    Page 8, Singatories:
    ‘Organisations Patronales Publiques et Privées’, ‘Patronat Privé’:
    [...]
    Association pour la Promotion des Femmes Managers (Association Promoting Women Managers)
    [...]
    ‘Associations de Jeunes’ signed by the Commissioner for Algerian Muslim scouts ‘pour les associations suivantes’/also representing the ‘Association nationale pour la Promotion et la Protection de la Femme et de la jeune Fille’ (Association for the Promotion and Protection of Women and Young Girls).
    [...]
    ‘Associations Féminines’ signed by ‘Présidente de l’Association Nationale pour la Lutte contre l’Analphabétisme (IQRA) pour les associations suivantes : Association Voix de Femmes, Association Nationale pour la Lutte contre l’Analphabétisme, Mouvement des Femmes Algériennes pour la Solidarité avec la Famille Rurale, Association Nationale des Familles Victimes du Terrorisme, Association Nationale de Soutien aux Enfants en Difficulté en Institution, Rassemblement des Femmes Nationalistes Algériennes’
  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)
    Page 1, I. PREAMBLE:
    1 – For several years Algeria has been living through a crucial stage in its history. Thanks to their maturity and patriotism, the Algerian people have been able to withstand all attempts to destabilise the country. Taking inspiration from their history marked by struggles for their liberty and dignity and faithful to the message of the Revolution of November 1st 1954 and to the pledge made to its martyrs, the people have set themselves the task of building a pluralist democracy, strengthened by its national values.

    2- The November Revolution was the expression of the will of the people to recover national sovereignty and build a strong and respected State, based on pluralist democracy. It was both the extension and the crowning achievement of all of the resistance struggles of the Algerian people against the occupying forces.

    3 – The November Revolution was also a work of consolidation of the Algerian character in all its forms, a national character strengthened by its Islam, Arab and Amazigh identities.
    4 – Algeria has recovered its national independence and regain its place among the community of Nations [Concert des Nations], thanks to the unity and mobilisation of its people.
    5 – The sacrifices endured by the Algerian people during the November Revolution have contributed to the strengthening and deepening of democracy and fundamental liberties, in an independent Algeria, an Algeria of national enlightenment and development.
    7- Independent Algeria has made great advances in all domains of economic, social and cultural life. It has expanded knowledge and culture for the benefit of the entire population. It has worked to construct a strong and respected Nation State, of which its people may rightly be proud.

    Page 3-4, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 1/ THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY:
    13. The pluralist presidential election of November 16, 1995, an essential step towards a global solution to the crisis, enabled the Algerian people to exercise their choice freely and democratically for the first time in the history of independent Algeria. This sovereign choice expressed by the Algerian people gave the country its first legitimate institution.
    14. Therefore and thanks to the eloquent message of November 16, 1995, the Algerian people were able to clearly reaffirm their resolute attachment to unity, and the development of the nation. They made clear their wish to build a strong and democratic State, a State built on the national values of tolerance, dialogue and understanding.
    15 – The national dialogue embarked on by the President of the Republic, was open to all political forces and to civil society in general, with due respect for national values and norms. This highlighted a common will to work to consolidate a pluralist democracy and to build the institutional foundations of the State based on free and fair elections.
    16 – To this end the participants in the Conference of National Understanding:
    17 – In order to develop a pluralist democracy within a republican State and a united Nation with a clearly preserved identity, we must protect from the field of competitive politics and any partisan or political exploitation, the fundamental components of our national identity, which is the common heritage of every Algerian, namely:
    - Islam,
    - Arab,
    - Berber.
    - ISLAM:
    18 – The people of Algeria are a Muslim people. Islam is the State Religion and is a fundamental component of Algerian identity.
    - ISLAM:
    18 – The people of Algeria are a Muslim people. Islam is the State Religion and is a fundamental component of Algerian identity.
    [...]
    20 – Islam has been a fundamental factor in mobilising the Algerian people’s capacity to resist and fight foreign aggression, and any attempt to destroy their national character. They have drawn moral energy and strength from the justice, equality and tolerance of the Islamic religion in their victorious defeat of colonialism.
    21 – Islam has cemented together Algerian society and has made of the Algerian people a united population, attached to the same land, beliefs, and language, that of the Quran and of the divine Message. The Algerian Revolution has made Islam an essential factor in uniting the Nation and helping it to flourish.
    22 – The Algerian State will continue to mobilise all means possible to preserve and promote forever the values if Islam funded on tolerance, brotherhood, solidarity, liberty, justice and progress.
    23 – The Algerian State will also ensure that all places of worship are used only for their original purpose.
    [...]
    - BERBER :
    27 – Every Nation recognises itself in its History, which reflects its unity on the basis of its origins. This is the basis for specifying the personality and national identity of the Algerian Nation, which includes Berber, the heritage of all Algerians.
    28 – The Berber dimension is a fundamental component of national identity. The State shall rehabilitate the Berbers, and promote the Berber language in the education, cultural and communication sectors.
    29 – As for the other components of national identity, it is in the Nation’s interests to protect the Berbers from any partisan or political exploitation


    - wishing to work towards the strengthening of democratic culture, based on respect for republican principles,
    - respectful of national values and wishing to strengthen, promote and defend the superior interests of the Nation, aiming to strengthen the foundations of the new pluralist political system, and to build the institutional framework, and to pursue these objectives while respecting:
    o the fundamental components of national identity,
    o the broad principles of political pluralism,
    o and democracy, the sovereign choice of the people of Algeria.

    Page 4-6, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING: 2/ THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM:
    30 – In the area of practical politics, the founding principles of political pluralism embody the constitutional and democratic rules which the Algerian people have chosen. Hence, all of the stakeholders in the political life of the nation and all electoral candidates are governed by a national or local political mandate. These principles ensure the proper functioning of democracy and are:
    - Respect for and implementation of the principles of November 1st, 1954,
    - Respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic and an undertaking to comply with them,
    - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power,
    - Respect for individual and collective liberties and respect for Human Rights,
    - Consolidation of national unity,
    - Preservation of national sovereignty,
    - Support for democracy which respects national values,
    - Adherence to political pluralism,
    - Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.

    - Respect for and the implementation of the principles of November 1st, 1954 :
    31 – The Algerian Revolution, with its roots in the Proclamation of November 1954, instilled respect for the basic principles which guide the progression of independent Algeria, through the generations. The consolidation of unity and national independence, the national interest above all other considerations, a democratic and social State, sovereign within the framework of Islamic principles, respect for all fundamental liberties, the mobilisation of all energy and natural resources in the service of the Nation, and the fundamental and non-transgressible principles of the proclamation of November 1st, 1954 are the best guarantors for the construction of a democratic, just, stable and prosperous Algeria.
    [...]
    - Support for democracy which respects national values
    40 – The recognition of democracy was a major objective of the November Revolution.
    41 – Democracy is founded on universal values which have their origin in the secular struggle of all peoples to obtain recognition for their fundamental rights and liberties. All peoples have a legitimate right to construct a democratic system nourished by their authentic national values, and fundamental rights and freedoms.
    42 – The Algerian people for their part are determined to build a democratic national order which shall protect both the universal democratic values and the national values which they have developed throughout their history, in their long struggle against colonialism and to regain their national sovereignty, their fundamental rights and their liberties.
    43 – In this regard, the Algerian people, through the Republican institutions including the political parties, undertake to strictly respect the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other peoples, and to reject any tendency or attempt to interfere in the internal affairs of the Algerian State.

    Page 7, 3/ PLURALIST DEMOCRACY, SOVEREIGN CHOICE OF THE ALGERIAN PEOPLE:
    48 – Pluralist democracy, in which our national values, the superior interests of the Nation, and individual and collective liberties are respected, is the sovereign choice of the Algerian people, for which the State and its institutions shall be the guarantors.
    49 – It is by respecting our national values, positive values inherited from our ancestors and which do not contradict the Constitution and the laws of the Republic, that pluralist democracy shall blossom and be strengthened.
    50 – The present Platform is a new achievement which follows on directly from the fundamental principles of the November Revolution.
    51 – The present platform also represents the development of a national political consensus concerning respect for the basic principles and national characteristics on the basis of which pluralist democracy shall be consolidated, and the institutional structure shall be built.
  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum
    Page 7, ANNEX, ELECTORAL TIMETABLE:
    In order to provide an indicative timescale, a timetable is proposed for the different due dates:
    - the referendum on revision of the Constitution shall be organised before the end of the year 1996;
    [...]
    In this respect, the “Conference on National Understanding” Committee has expressed its full confidence in the person of the President of the Republic to make any necessary changes to this timetable in the light of events, in order to best serve the current process to overcome the crisis.
  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)
    Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General references
    Page 2, I. PREAMBLE:
    [...]
    12. Thanks to its citizens’ patriotic awakening, it was possible to end this destabilisation of the countries’ institutions. This leap forward would turn the situation around, and lead to the organisation of a National Consensus Conference resulting in the adoption of a Platform. This Conference enabled some organs of transition to be put in place, and for elections to be held in a pluralist democratic environment. It meant that the process of restoring national stability could also begin.
    13. The pluralist presidential election of November 16, 1995, an essential step towards a global solution to the crisis, enabled the Algerian people to exercise their choice freely and democratically for the first time in the history of independent Algeria. This sovereign choice expressed by the Algerian people gave the country its first legitimate institution.

    Page 2, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING:
    15 – The national dialogue embarked on by the President of the Republic, was open to all political forces and to civil society in general, with due respect for national values and norms. This highlighted a common will to work to consolidate a pluralist democracy and to build the institutional foundations of the State based on free and fair elections.
    16 – To this end the participants in the Conference of National Understanding:
    - convinced of the need to provide the pluralist political system with a coherent framework,
    [...]
    - respectful of national values and wishing to strengthen, promote and defend the superior interests of the Nation, aiming to strengthen the foundations of the new pluralist political system, and to build the institutional framework, and to pursue these objectives while respecting:
    o the fundamental components of national identity,
    o the broad principles of political pluralism,
    o and democracy, the sovereign choice of the people of Algeria.

    Page 4-6, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING: 2/ THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM:
    30 – In the area of practical politics, the founding principles of political pluralism embody the constitutional and democratic rules which the Algerian people have chosen. Hence, all of the stakeholders in the political life of the nation and all electoral candidates are governed by a national or local political mandate. These principles ensure the proper functioning of democracy and are:
    - Respect for and implementation of the principles of November 1st, 1954,
    - Respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic and an undertaking to comply with them,
    - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power,
    - Respect for individual and collective liberties and respect for Human Rights,
    - Consolidation of national unity,
    - Preservation of national sovereignty,
    - Support for democracy which respects national values,
    - Adherence to political pluralism,
    - Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.
    [...]
    - Support for democracy which respects national values
    [...]
    43 – In this regard, the Algerian people, through the Republican institutions including the political parties, undertake to strictly respect the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other peoples, and to reject any tendency or attempt to interfere in the internal affairs of the Algerian State.
    - Adherence to political pluralism :
    [...]
    45 – Political pluralism, recognised constitutionally, in accordance with the rules which govern the activities of political parties and in particular with the principle of refusing to use for partisan and political ends the three components of national identity, constitutes the essence of the democracy which the people of Algeria are determined to consolidate.
    46 – This pluralist democracy may only be that which is freely chosen by the sovereign people alone in accordance with the values and the project of the Revolution of November 1st 1954.
    - Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people :
    47 – Pluralist democracy, nourished by the authentic values of the Algerian people, rejects the imposition of any single opinion or programme. Based particularly on freedom of expression and political pluralism, it requires strict respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.

    Page 7, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 3/ PLURALIST DEMOCRACY, SOVEREIGN CHOICE OF THE ALGERIAN PEOPLE:
    48 – Pluralist democracy, in which our national values, the superior interests of the Nation, and individual and collective liberties are respected, is the sovereign choice of the Algerian people, for which the State and its institutions shall be the guarantors.
    49 – It is by respecting our national values, positive values inherited from our ancestors and which do not contradict the Constitution and the laws of the Republic, that pluralist democracy shall blossom and be strengthened.
    50 – The present Platform is a new achievement which follows on directly from the fundamental principles of the November Revolution.
    51 – The present platform also represents the development of a national political consensus concerning respect for the basic principles and national characteristics on the basis of which pluralist democracy shall be consolidated, and the institutional structure shall be built.

    52 – Finally the present Platform provides the basis for a new departure for a Nation reconciled with itself and committed with determination and confidence to national recovery.

    53 – It is thanks to the unwavering unity of its members and its legendary patriotism that the Algerian people shall implement the ideals of the November Revolution by building a Society attached to its national values, a Society of progress where social justice and the fair distribution of the costs and fruits of its development are guaranteed. The Algerian people, faithful to the message of November, shall strengthen their national independence and consolidate the role of Algerian peace and stability in the Concert of Nations.

    54 – The people of Algeria shall build together in a spirit of fraternity and solidarity, this democratic, stable and prosperous country to which our people aspire.
  • Elections
    Page 2, I. PREAMBLE:
    [...]
    12. Thanks to its citizens’ patriotic awakening, it was possible to end this destabilisation of the countries’ institutions. This leap forward would turn the situation around, and lead to the organisation of a National Consensus Conference resulting in the adoption of a Platform. This Conference enabled some organs of transition to be put in place, and for elections to be held in a pluralist democratic environment. It meant that the process of restoring national stability could also begin.
    13. The pluralist presidential election of November 16, 1995, an essential step towards a global solution to the crisis, enabled the Algerian people to exercise their choice freely and democratically for the first time in the history of independent Algeria. This sovereign choice expressed by the Algerian people gave the country its first legitimate institution.

    Page 2, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING:
    15 – The national dialogue embarked on by the President of the Republic, was open to all political forces and to civil society in general, with due respect for national values and norms. This highlighted a common will to work to consolidate a pluralist democracy and to build the institutional foundations of the State based on free and fair elections.

    Page 4-5, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 2/ THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM:
    30 – In the area of practical politics, the founding principles of political pluralism embody the constitutional and democratic rules which the Algerian people have chosen. Hence, all of the stakeholders in the political life of the nation and all electoral candidates are governed by a national or local political mandate. These principles ensure the proper functioning of democracy and are:
    - Respect for and implementation of the principles of November 1st, 1954,
    - Respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic and an undertaking to comply with them,
    - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power,
    - Respect for individual and collective liberties and respect for Human Rights,
    - Consolidation of national unity,
    - Preservation of national sovereignty,
    - Support for democracy which respects national values,
    - Adherence to political pluralism,
    - Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.
    [...]
    - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power :
    [...]
    36 – Violence represents the very negation of democracy. It is by respecting the Law, and by using the ballot box freely, democratically and independently that power shall henceforth be obtained and maintained in Algeria, in accordance with the free and sovereign will of the people.

    Page 7, ANNEX, ELECTORAL TIMETABLE:
    In order to provide an indicative timescale, a timetable is proposed for the different due dates:
    [...]
    - the legislative elections shall take place during the first half of the year 1997;
    - the local elections shall be held during the second half of the year 1997.
    In this respect, the “Conference on National Understanding” Committee has expressed its full confidence in the person of the President of the Republic to make any necessary changes to this timetable in the light of events, in order to best serve the current process to overcome the crisis.
  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform
    Governance→Political parties reform→Other political parties reform
    Page 4-6, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING: 2/ THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM:
    30 – In the area of practical politics, the founding principles of political pluralism embody the constitutional and democratic rules which the Algerian people have chosen. Hence, all of the stakeholders in the political life of the nation and all electoral candidates are governed by a national or local political mandate. These principles ensure the proper functioning of democracy and are:
    - Respect for and implementation of the principles of November 1st, 1954,
    - Respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic and an undertaking to comply with them,
    - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power,
    - Respect for individual and collective liberties and respect for Human Rights,
    - Consolidation of national unity,
    - Preservation of national sovereignty,
    - Support for democracy which respects national values,
    - Adherence to political pluralism,
    - Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.
    [...]
    - Support for democracy which respects national values
    [...]
    43 – In this regard, the Algerian people, through the Republican institutions including the political parties, undertake to strictly respect the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other peoples, and to reject any tendency or attempt to interfere in the internal affairs of the Algerian State.
    - Adherence to political pluralism :
    [...]
    45 – Political pluralism, recognised constitutionally, in accordance with the rules which govern the activities of political parties and in particular with the principle of refusing to use for partisan and political ends the three components of national identity, constitutes the essence of the democracy which the people of Algeria are determined to consolidate.
    46 – This pluralist democracy may only be that which is freely chosen by the sovereign people alone in accordance with the values and the project of the Revolution of November 1st 1954.
    - Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people :
    47 – Pluralist democracy, nourished by the authentic values of the Algerian people, rejects the imposition of any single opinion or programme. Based particularly on freedom of expression and political pluralism, it requires strict respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.
  • Civil society
    Page 2, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING:
    15 – The national dialogue embarked on by the President of the Republic, was open to all political forces and to civil society in general, with due respect for national values and norms. This highlighted a common will to work to consolidate a pluralist democracy and to build the institutional foundations of the State based on free and fair elections.

    Page 5, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 2/ THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM:
    - Respect for individual and collective liberties and respect for Human Rights :
    [...]
    39 – The rule of Law shall be consolidated with the active support of institutions, the political class, civil society and citizens together to become a real and integral aspect of the culture of the Algerian people.
  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution
    Governance→Constitution→Constitutional reform/making
    Page 2, I. Preamble:
    [...]
    11. Hence the whole population had to endure the national crisis. Its integrity was particularly threatened by terrorist violence. It was also subject to serious threats to and divergences from its sacred religion, in flagrant violation of the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic.

    Page 4-6, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 2/ THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM:
    30 – In the area of practical politics, the founding principles of political pluralism embody the constitutional and democratic rules which the Algerian people have chosen. Hence, all of the stakeholders in the political life of the nation and all electoral candidates are governed by a national or local political mandate. These principles ensure the proper functioning of democracy and are:
    - Respect for and implementation of the principles of November 1st, 1954,
    - Respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic and an undertaking to comply with them,
    - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power,
    - Respect for individual and collective liberties and respect for Human Rights,
    - Consolidation of national unity,
    - Preservation of national sovereignty,
    - Support for democracy which respects national values,
    - Adherence to political pluralism,
    - Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.
    [...]
    - Respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic and an undertaking to comply with them :
    32 – The Constitution and the Laws of the Republic apply to all stakeholders in political life and to all citizens. This underlines their importance and the need to respect them within the Rule of Law to which our people legitimately aspire.
    33 – No violation of the Basic Law or the Laws of the Republic shall be permitted. Ongoing respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic supports the objectives of the State, as well as those of society and of the political class, because their violation would endanger the Nation and threaten democracy itself.
    - Respect for individual and collective liberties and respect for Human Rights :
    37 - The Rule of Law to which the Algerian people legitimately aspire, is the guarantor of all individual and collective liberties, enshrined by the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic, and to which the Algerian people have been deeply attached throughout their history.
    38 – In order to respond fully to the legitimate aspirations and expectations of the Algerian people, the State shall ensure, everywhere and in all circumstances, respect for all individual and collective liberties. The State shall ensure with the full force of the Law that any attack on or denial of the individual and collective liberties guaranteed by the Constitution shall be punished.
    39 – The rule of Law shall be consolidated with the active support of institutions, the political class, civil society and citizens together to become a real and integral aspect of the culture of the Algerian people.
    [...]
    - Adherence to political pluralism :
    [...]
    45 – Political pluralism, recognised constitutionally, in accordance with the rules which govern the activities of political parties and in particular with the principle of refusing to use for partisan and political ends the three components of national identity, constitutes the essence of the democracy which the people of Algeria are determined to consolidate.

    Page 7, 3/ PLURALIST DEMOCRACY, SOVEREIGN CHOICE OF THE ALGERIAN PEOPLE:
    [...]
    49 – It is by respecting our national values, positive values inherited from our ancestors and which do not contradict the Constitution and the laws of the Republic, that pluralist democracy shall blossom and be strengthened.

    Page 7, ANNEX, ELECTORAL TIMETABLE:
    In order to provide an indicative timescale, a timetable is proposed for the different due dates:
    - the referendum on revision of the Constitution shall be organised before the end of the year 1996;
    [...]
    In this respect, the “Conference on National Understanding” Committee has expressed its full confidence in the person of the President of the Republic to make any necessary changes to this timetable in the light of events, in order to best serve the current process to overcome the crisis.

Power sharing

  • Political power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general
    Page 1-2, I. PREAMBLE:
    [...]
    5 – The sacrifices endured by the Algerian people during the November Revolution have contributed to the strengthening and deepening of democracy and fundamental liberties, in an independent Algeria, an Algeria of national enlightenment and development.
    [...]
    11. Hence the whole population had to endure the national crisis. Its integrity was particularly threatened by terrorist violence. It was also subject to serious threats to and divergences from its sacred religion, in flagrant violation of the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic.

    Page 4-6, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 2/ THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM:
    [...]
    - Respect for and the implementation of the principles of November 1st, 1954 :
    31 – The Algerian Revolution, with its roots in the Proclamation of November 1954, instilled respect for the basic principles which guide the progression of independent Algeria, through the generations. The consolidation of unity and national independence, the national interest above all other considerations, a democratic and social State, sovereign within the framework of Islamic principles, respect for all fundamental liberties, the mobilisation of all energy and natural resources in the service of the Nation, and the fundamental and non-transgressible principles of the proclamation of November 1st, 1954 are the best guarantors for the construction of a democratic, just, stable and prosperous Algeria.
    - Respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic and an undertaking to comply with them :
    32 – The Constitution and the Laws of the Republic apply to all stakeholders in political life and to all citizens. This underlines their importance and the need to respect them within the Rule of Law to which our people legitimately aspire.
    33 – No violation of the Basic Law or the Laws of the Republic shall be permitted. Ongoing respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic supports the objectives of the State, as well as those of society and of the political class, because their violation would endanger the Nation and threaten democracy itself.
    - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power :
    34 - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power is a fundamental principle of the Rule of Law, of democracy and of any society which aspires to the development and well-being which is needed for stability.
    [...]
    36 – Violence represents the very negation of democracy. It is by respecting the Law, and by using the ballot box freely, democratically and independently that power shall henceforth be obtained and maintained in Algeria, in accordance with the free and sovereign will of the people.
    - Respect for individual and collective liberties and respect for Human Rights :
    37 - The Rule of Law to which the Algerian people legitimately aspire, is the guarantor of all individual and collective liberties, enshrined by the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic, and to which the Algerian people have been deeply attached throughout their history.
    38 – In order to respond fully to the legitimate aspirations and expectations of the Algerian people, the State shall ensure, everywhere and in all circumstances, respect for all individual and collective liberties. The State shall ensure with the full force of the Law that any attack on or denial of the individual and collective liberties guaranteed by the Constitution shall be punished.
    39 – The rule of Law shall be consolidated with the active support of institutions, the political class, civil society and citizens together to become a real and integral aspect of the culture of the Algerian people.
    - Support for democracy which respects national values
    40 – The recognition of democracy was a major objective of the November Revolution.
    41 – Democracy is founded on universal values which have their origin in the secular struggle of all peoples to obtain recognition for their fundamental rights and liberties. All peoples have a legitimate right to construct a democratic system nourished by their authentic national values, and fundamental rights and freedoms.
    42 – The Algerian people for their part are determined to build a democratic national order which shall protect both the universal democratic values and the national values which they have developed throughout their history, in their long struggle against colonialism and to regain their national sovereignty, their fundamental rights and their liberties.
    - Adherence to political pluralism :
    44 – The fundamental idea of liberty is the basis of political pluralism, which implies diversity of opinion, the recognition of the will of the majority and the protection of the legitimate right of minorities to defend their opinions.

    Page 7, 3/ PLURALIST DEMOCRACY, SOVEREIGN CHOICE OF THE ALGERIAN PEOPLE:
    48 – Pluralist democracy, in which our national values, the superior interests of the Nation, and individual and collective liberties are respected, is the sovereign choice of the Algerian people, for which the State and its institutions shall be the guarantors.
  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights
    Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Equality
    Page 3, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 1/ THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY:
    [...]
    20 – Islam has been a fundamental factor in mobilising the Algerian people’s capacity to resist and fight foreign aggression, and any attempt to destroy their national character. They have drawn moral energy and strength from the justice, equality and tolerance of the Islamic religion in their victorious defeat of colonialism.
    Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Thought, opinion, conscience and religion
    Page 6, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 2/ THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM:
    - Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people :
    47 – Pluralist democracy, nourished by the authentic values of the Algerian people, rejects the imposition of any single opinion or programme. Based particularly on freedom of expression and political pluralism, it requires strict respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.
  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.


Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy
    Page 1-2, I. PREAMBLE:
    1 – For several years Algeria has been living through a crucial stage in its history. Thanks to their maturity and patriotism, the Algerian people have been able to withstand all attempts to destabilise the country. Taking inspiration from their history marked by struggles for their liberty and dignity and faithful to the message of the Revolution of November 1st 1954 and to the pledge made to its martyrs, the people have set themselves the task of building a pluralist democracy, strengthened by its national values.
    2- The November Revolution was the expression of the will of the people to recover national sovereignty and build a strong and respected State, based on pluralist democracy. It was both the extension and the crowning achievement of all of the resistance struggles of the Algerian people against the occupying forces.
    [...]
    5 – The sacrifices endured by the Algerian people during the November Revolution have contributed to the strengthening and deepening of democracy and fundamental liberties, in an independent Algeria, an Algeria of national enlightenment and development.
    [...]
    12. Thanks to its citizens’ patriotic awakening, it was possible to end this destabilisation of the countries’ institutions. This leap forward would turn the situation around, and lead to the organisation of a National Consensus Conference resulting in the adoption of a Platform. This Conference enabled some organs of transition to be put in place, and for elections to be held in a pluralist democratic environment. It meant that the process of restoring national stability could also begin.
    13. The pluralist presidential election of November 16, 1995, an essential step towards a global solution to the crisis, enabled the Algerian people to exercise their choice freely and democratically for the first time in the history of independent Algeria. This sovereign choice expressed by the Algerian people gave the country its first legitimate institution.
    14. Therefore and thanks to the eloquent message of November 16, 1995, the Algerian people were able to clearly reaffirm their resolute attachment to unity, and the development of the nation. They made clear their wish to build a strong and democratic State, a State built on the national values of tolerance, dialogue and understanding.

    Page 2, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING:
    15 – The national dialogue embarked on by the President of the Republic, was open to all political forces and to civil society in general, with due respect for national values and norms. This highlighted a common will to work to consolidate a pluralist democracy and to build the institutional foundations of the State based on free and fair elections.
    16 – To this end the participants in the Conference of National Understanding:
    [...]
    - wishing to work towards the strengthening of democratic culture, based on respect for republican principles,
    - respectful of national values and wishing to strengthen, promote and defend the superior interests of the Nation, aiming to strengthen the foundations of the new pluralist political system, and to build the institutional framework, and to pursue these objectives while respecting:
    [...]
    o and democracy, the sovereign choice of the people of Algeria.

    Page 3, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 1/ THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY:
    17 – In order to develop a pluralist democracy within a republican State and a united Nation with a clearly preserved identity, we must protect from the field of competitive politics and any partisan or political exploitation, the fundamental components of our national identity, which is the common heritage of every Algerian, namely:
    - Islam,
    - Arab,
    - Berber.

    Page 4-6, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 2/ THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM:
    30 – In the area of practical politics, the founding principles of political pluralism embody the constitutional and democratic rules which the Algerian people have chosen. Hence, all of the stakeholders in the political life of the nation and all electoral candidates are governed by a national or local political mandate. These principles ensure the proper functioning of democracy and are:
    - Respect for and implementation of the principles of November 1st, 1954,
    - Respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic and an undertaking to comply with them,
    - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power,
    - Respect for individual and collective liberties and respect for Human Rights,
    - Consolidation of national unity,
    - Preservation of national sovereignty,
    - Support for democracy which respects national values,
    - Adherence to political pluralism,
    - Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.

    - Respect for and the implementation of the principles of November 1st, 1954 :
    31 – The Algerian Revolution, with its roots in the Proclamation of November 1954, instilled respect for the basic principles which guide the progression of independent Algeria, through the generations. The consolidation of unity and national independence, the national interest above all other considerations, a democratic and social State, sovereign within the framework of Islamic principles, respect for all fundamental liberties, the mobilisation of all energy and natural resources in the service of the Nation, and the fundamental and non-transgressible principles of the proclamation of November 1st, 1954 are the best guarantors for the construction of a democratic, just, stable and prosperous Algeria.

    - Respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic and an undertaking to comply with them :
    32 – The Constitution and the Laws of the Republic apply to all stakeholders in political life and to all citizens. This underlines their importance and the need to respect them within the Rule of Law to which our people legitimately aspire.
    33 – No violation of the Basic Law or the Laws of the Republic shall be permitted. Ongoing respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic supports the objectives of the State, as well as those of society and of the political class, because their violation would endanger the Nation and threaten democracy itself.

    - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power :
    34 - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power is a fundamental principle of the Rule of Law, of democracy and of any society which aspires to the development and well-being which is needed for stability.
    [...]
    36 – Violence represents the very negation of democracy. It is by respecting the Law, and by using the ballot box freely, democratically and independently that power shall henceforth be obtained and maintained in Algeria, in accordance with the free and sovereign will of the people.

    - Support for democracy which respects national values:
    40 – The recognition of democracy was a major objective of the November Revolution.
    41 – Democracy is founded on universal values which have their origin in the secular struggle of all peoples to obtain recognition for their fundamental rights and liberties. All peoples have a legitimate right to construct a democratic system nourished by their authentic national values, and fundamental rights and freedoms.
    42 – The Algerian people for their part are determined to build a democratic national order which shall protect both the universal democratic values and the national values which they have developed throughout their history, in their long struggle against colonialism and to regain their national sovereignty, their fundamental rights and their liberties.
    43 – In this regard, the Algerian people, through the Republican institutions including the political parties, undertake to strictly respect the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other peoples, and to reject any tendency or attempt to interfere in the internal affairs of the Algerian State.

    - Adherence to political pluralism:
    44 – The fundamental idea of liberty is the basis of political pluralism, which implies diversity of opinion, the recognition of the will of the majority and the protection of the legitimate right of minorities to defend their opinions.
    45 – Political pluralism, recognised constitutionally, in accordance with the rules which govern the activities of political parties and in particular with the principle of refusing to use for partisan and political ends the three components of national identity, constitutes the essence of the democracy which the people of Algeria are determined to consolidate.
    46 – This pluralist democracy may only be that which is freely chosen by the sovereign people alone in accordance with the values and the project of the Revolution of November 1st 1954.

    - Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people :
    47 – Pluralist democracy, nourished by the authentic values of the Algerian people, rejects the imposition of any single opinion or programme. Based particularly on freedom of expression and political pluralism, it requires strict respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.

    Page 7, 3/ PLURALIST DEMOCRACY, SOVEREIGN CHOICE OF THE ALGERIAN PEOPLE:
    48 – Pluralist democracy, in which our national values, the superior interests of the Nation, and individual and collective liberties are respected, is the sovereign choice of the Algerian people, for which the State and its institutions shall be the guarantors.
    49 – It is by respecting our national values, positive values inherited from our ancestors and which do not contradict the Constitution and the laws of the Republic, that pluralist democracy shall blossom and be strengthened.
    50 – The present Platform is a new achievement which follows on directly from the fundamental principles of the November Revolution.
    51 – The present platform also represents the development of a national political consensus concerning respect for the basic principles and national characteristics on the basis of which pluralist democracy shall be consolidated, and the institutional structure shall be built.
  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication
    Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
    Page 4, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 1/ THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY:
    - BERBER :
    [...]
    28 – The Berber dimension is a fundamental component of national identity. The State shall rehabilitate the Berbers, and promote the Berber language in the education, cultural and communication sectors.
  • Mobility/access

    No specific mention.

  • Protection measures
    Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of groups
    Page 6,
    - Adherence to political pluralism:
    44 – The fundamental idea of liberty is the basis of political pluralism, which implies diversity of opinion, the recognition of the will of the majority and the protection of the legitimate right of minorities to defend their opinions.
  • Other
    Page 6, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 2/ THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM:
    - Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people :
    47 – Pluralist democracy, nourished by the authentic values of the Algerian people, rejects the imposition of any single opinion or programme. Based particularly on freedom of expression and political pluralism, it requires strict respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.

Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction

    No specific mention.

  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage
    Land, property and environment→Cultural heritage→Intangible
    Page 3-4, II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING, 1/ THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY:
    17 – In order to develop a pluralist democracy within a republican State and a united Nation with a clearly preserved identity, we must protect from the field of competitive politics and any partisan or political exploitation, the fundamental components of our national identity, which is the common heritage of every Algerian, namely:
    - Islam,
    - Arab,
    - Berber.

    - ISLAM:
    18 – The people of Algeria are a Muslim people. Islam is the State Religion and is a fundamental component of Algerian identity.
    19 – Islam, our sacred religion, must be protected from any behaviour or manipulation which in any way exposes it to “fitna”, and must be protected from any political manipulation.
    20 – Islam has been a fundamental factor in mobilising the Algerian people’s capacity to resist and fight foreign aggression, and any attempt to destroy their national character. They have drawn moral energy and strength from the justice, equality and tolerance of the Islamic religion in their victorious defeat of colonialism.
    21 – Islam has cemented together Algerian society and has made of the Algerian people a united population, attached to the same land, beliefs, and language, that of the Quran and of the divine Message. The Algerian Revolution has made Islam an essential factor in uniting the Nation and helping it to flourish.
    22 – The Algerian State will continue to mobilise all means possible to preserve and promote forever the values if Islam funded on tolerance, brotherhood, solidarity, liberty, justice and progress.
    23 – The Algerian State will also ensure that all places of worship are used only for their original purpose
    - ARAB:
    24 – Arabic-Muslim values provide the Arab dimension of the national identity of the Algerian people.
    25 – The Arabic language has expanded and helped to spread the sacred Message to which the Algerian people have faithfully subscribed, and confirmed their attachment to Arabic as the national language. The Algerian people have contributed brilliantly to the development of the Arabic language, using it to help unite the nation and to withstand colonialism’s constant attempts to destroy their national identity.
    26 – The Arabic language, a basic attribute of the Algerian people, is one of the basic elements of national identity. It must be protected from any political, ideological or partisan instrumentalisation. State structures shall continue to be used to promote and develop it as the national and official language of the country.
    - BERBER :
    27 – Every Nation recognises itself in its History, which reflects its unity on the basis of its origins. This is the basis for specifying the personality and national identity of the Algerian Nation, which includes Berber, the heritage of all Algerians.
    28 – The Berber dimension is a fundamental component of national identity. The State shall rehabilitate the Berbers, and promote the Berber language in the education, cultural and communication sectors.
    29 – As for the other components of national identity, it is in the Nation’s interests to protect the Berbers from any partisan or political exploitation.
  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees
    Page 1-2, I. PREAMBLE:
    [...]
    10. Against a background of a deteriorating socio-economic situation, political and religious manipulation, and violence, the State has been seriously weakened, and its retreat has exposed the country to grave dangers.
    11. Hence the whole population had to endure the national crisis. Its integrity was particularly threatened by terrorist violence. It was also subject to serious threats to and divergences from its sacred religion, in flagrant violation of the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic.
  • Ceasefire

    No specific mention.

  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces

    No specific mention.

  • DDR

    No specific mention.

  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces

    No specific mention.

  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism
    Page 2, I. Preamble:
    [...]
    11. Hence the whole population had to endure the national crisis. Its integrity was particularly threatened by terrorist violence. It was also subject to serious threats to and divergences from its sacred religion, in flagrant violation of the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic.

Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general
    Page 1, I. PREAMBLE:
    [...]
    8 – But this Algeria of development, of productive work and of many specific achievements, was destined to take many wrong turns because of errors made and a narrow vision in which the higher interests of the Nation were sacrificed and the legitimate needs of the people were denied.
    9 – The people hoped for change and fought for it in tragic circumstances, but a lack of vision in which the same mistakes were made thwarted the citizens’ desire for this.
    10. Against a background of a deteriorating socio-economic situation, political and religious manipulation, and violence, the State has been seriously weakened, and its retreat has exposed the country to grave dangers.
  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims
    Page 1, I. PREAMBLE:
    1 – For several years Algeria has been living through a crucial stage in its history. Thanks to their maturity and patriotism, the Algerian people have been able to withstand all attempts to destabilise the country. Taking inspiration from their history marked by struggles for their liberty and dignity and faithful to the message of the Revolution of November 1st 1954 and to the pledge made to its martyrs, the people have set themselves the task of building a pluralist democracy, strengthened by its national values.
  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation

    No specific mention.


Implementation

  • UN signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Other international signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Enforcement mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    http://peacemaker.un.org/

DEMOCRATIC AND POPULAR REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA

PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING

I. PREAMBLE:

1 – For several years Algeria has been living through a crucial stage in its history.

Thanks to their maturity and patriotism, the Algerian people have been able to withstand all attempts to destabilise the country.

Taking inspiration from their history marked by struggles for their liberty and dignity and faithful to the message of the Revolution of November 1st 1954 and to the pledge made to its martyrs, the people have set themselves the task of building a pluralist democracy, strengthened by its national values.

2- The November Revolution was the expression of the will of the people to recover national sovereignty and build a strong and respected State, based on pluralist democracy.

It was both the extension and the crowning achievement of all of the resistance struggles of the Algerian people against the occupying forces.

3 – The November Revolution was also a work of consolidation of the Algerian character in all its forms, a national character strengthened by its Islam, Arab and Amazigh identities.

4 – Algeria has recovered its national independence and regain its place among the community of Nations [Concert des Nations], thanks to the unity and mobilisation of its people.

5 – The sacrifices endured by the Algerian people during the November Revolution have contributed to the strengthening and deepening of democracy and fundamental liberties, in an independent Algeria, an Algeria of national enlightenment and development.

6 – The Algerian Revolution provides an example for the peoples of the Third World.

It has helped to consolidate the independence movements of these peoples.

7- Independent Algeria has made great advances in all domains of economic, social and cultural life.

It has expanded knowledge and culture for the benefit of the entire population.

It has worked to construct a strong and respected Nation State, of which its people may rightly be proud.

8 – But this Algeria of development, of productive work and of many specific achievements, was destined to take many wrong turns because of errors made and a narrow vision in which the higher interests of the Nation were sacrificed and the legitimate needs of the people were denied.

9 – The people hoped for change and fought for it in tragic circumstances, but a lack of vision in which the same mistakes were made thwarted the citizens’ desire for this.

10. Against a background of a deteriorating socio-economic situation, political and religious manipulation, and violence, the State has been seriously weakened, and its retreat has exposed the country to grave dangers.

11. Hence the whole population had to endure the national crisis.

Its integrity was particularly threatened by terrorist violence.

It was also subject to serious threats to and divergences from its sacred religion, in flagrant violation of the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic.

12. Thanks to its citizens’ patriotic awakening, it was possible to end this destabilisation of the countries’ institutions.

This leap forward would turn the situation around, and lead to the organisation of a National Consensus Conference resulting in the adoption of a Platform.

This Conference enabled some organs of transition to be put in place, and for elections to be held in a pluralist democratic environment.

It meant that the process of restoring national stability could also begin.

13. The pluralist presidential election of November 16, 1995, an essential step towards a global solution to the crisis, enabled the Algerian people to exercise their choice freely and democratically for the first time in the history of independent Algeria.

This sovereign choice expressed by the Algerian people gave the country its first legitimate institution.

14. Therefore and thanks to the eloquent message of November 16, 1995, the Algerian people were able to clearly reaffirm their resolute attachment to unity, and the development of the nation.

They made clear their wish to build a strong and democratic State, a State built on the national values of tolerance, dialogue and understanding.

II. CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PLATFORM FOR NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING

15 – The national dialogue embarked on by the President of the Republic, was open to all political forces and to civil society in general, with due respect for national values and norms.

This highlighted a common will to work to consolidate a pluralist democracy and to build the institutional foundations of the State based on free and fair elections.

16 – To this end the participants in the Conference of National Understanding:

convinced of the need to provide the pluralist political system with a coherent framework,

wishing to work towards the strengthening of democratic culture, based on respect for republican principles,

respectful of national values and wishing to strengthen, promote and defend the superior interests of the Nation, aiming to strengthen the foundations of the new pluralist political system, and to build the institutional framework, and to pursue these objectives while respecting:

the fundamental components of national identity,

the broad principles of political pluralism,

and democracy, the sovereign choice of the people of Algeria.

1/ THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY

17 – In order to develop a pluralist democracy within a republican State and a united Nation with a clearly preserved identity, we must protect from the field of competitive politics and any partisan or political exploitation, the fundamental components of our national identity, which is the common heritage of every Algerian, namely:

Islam,

Arab,

Berber.

- ISLAM:

18 – The people of Algeria are a Muslim people.

Islam is the State Religion and is a fundamental component of Algerian identity.

19 – Islam, our sacred religion, must be protected from any behaviour or manipulation which in any way exposes it to “fitna”, and must be protected from any political manipulation.

20 – Islam has been a fundamental factor in mobilising the Algerian people’s capacity to resist and fight foreign aggression, and any attempt to destroy their national character.

They have drawn moral energy and strength from the justice, equality and tolerance of the Islamic religion in their victorious defeat of colonialism.

21 – Islam has cemented together Algerian society and has made of the Algerian people a united population, attached to the same land, beliefs, and language, that of the Quran and of the divine Message.

The Algerian Revolution has made Islam an essential factor in uniting the Nation and helping it to flourish.

22 – The Algerian State will continue to mobilise all means possible to preserve and promote forever the values if Islam funded on tolerance, brotherhood, solidarity, liberty, justice and progress.

23 – The Algerian State will also ensure that all places of worship are used only for their original purpose

- ARAB:

24 – Arabic-Muslim values provide the Arab dimension of the national identity of the Algerian people.

25 – The Arabic language has expanded and helped to spread the sacred Message to which the Algerian people have faithfully subscribed, and confirmed their attachment to Arabic as the national language.

The Algerian people have contributed brilliantly to the development of the Arabic language, using it to help unite the nation and to withstand colonialism’s constant attempts to destroy their national identity.

26 – The Arabic language, a basic attribute of the Algerian people, is one of the basic elements of national identity.

It must be protected from any political, ideological or partisan instrumentalisation.

State structures shall continue to be used to promote and develop it as the national and official language of the country.

- BERBER :

27 – Every Nation recognises itself in its History, which reflects its unity on the basis of its origins.

This is the basis for specifying the personality and national identity of the Algerian Nation, which includes Berber, the heritage of all Algerians.

28 – The Berber dimension is a fundamental component of national identity.

The State shall rehabilitate the Berbers, and promote the Berber language in the education, cultural and communication sectors.

29 – As for the other components of national identity, it is in the Nation’s interests to protect the Berbers from any partisan or political exploitation.

2/ THE FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM

30 – In the area of practical politics, the founding principles of political pluralism embody the constitutional and democratic rules which the Algerian people have chosen.

Hence, all of the stakeholders in the political life of the nation and all electoral candidates are governed by a national or local political mandate.

These principles ensure the proper functioning of democracy and are:

- Respect for and implementation of the principles of November 1st, 1954,

- Respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic and an undertaking to comply with them,

- Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power,

- Respect for individual and collective liberties and respect for Human Rights,

- Consolidation of national unity,

- Preservation of national sovereignty,

- Support for democracy which respects national values,

- Adherence to political pluralism,

- Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.

- Respect for and the implementation of the principles of November 1st, 1954 :

31 – The Algerian Revolution, with its roots in the Proclamation of November 1954, instilled respect for the basic principles which guide the progression of independent Algeria, through the generations.

The consolidation of unity and national independence, the national interest above all other considerations, a democratic and social State, sovereign within the framework of Islamic principles, respect for all fundamental liberties, the mobilisation of all energy and natural resources in the service of the Nation, and the fundamental and non-transgressible principles of the proclamation of November 1st, 1954 are the best guarantors for the construction of a democratic, just, stable and prosperous Algeria.

- Respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic and an undertaking to comply with them :

32 – The Constitution and the Laws of the Republic apply to all stakeholders in political life and to all citizens.

This underlines their importance and the need to respect them within the Rule of Law to which our people legitimately aspire.

33 – No violation of the Basic Law or the Laws of the Republic shall be permitted.

Ongoing respect for the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic supports the objectives of the State, as well as those of society and of the political class, because their violation would endanger the Nation and threaten democracy itself.

- Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power :

34 - Rejection of violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance or termination of power is a fundamental principle of the Rule of Law, of democracy and of any society which aspires to the development and well-being which is needed for stability.

35 – The Algerian people, who desire security and national stability, unequivocally, massively and actively reject violence as a means of expression and/or political action and of access to and/or maintenance of power.

36 – Violence represents the very negation of democracy.

It is by respecting the Law, and by using the ballot box freely, democratically and independently that power shall henceforth be obtained and maintained in Algeria, in accordance with the free and sovereign will of the people.

- Respect for individual and collective liberties and respect for Human Rights :

37 - The Rule of Law to which the Algerian people legitimately aspire, is the guarantor of all individual and collective liberties, enshrined by the Constitution and the Laws of the Republic, and to which the Algerian people have been deeply attached throughout their history.

38 – In order to respond fully to the legitimate aspirations and expectations of the Algerian people, the State shall ensure, everywhere and in all circumstances, respect for all individual and collective liberties.

The State shall ensure with the full force of the Law that any attack on or denial of the individual and collective liberties guaranteed by the Constitution shall be punished.

39 – The rule of Law shall be consolidated with the active support of institutions, the political class, civil society and citizens together to become a real and integral aspect of the culture of the Algerian people.

- Support for democracy which respects national values

40 – The recognition of democracy was a major objective of the November Revolution.

41 – Democracy is founded on universal values which have their origin in the secular struggle of all peoples to obtain recognition for their fundamental rights and liberties.

All peoples have a legitimate right to construct a democratic system nourished by their authentic national values, and fundamental rights and freedoms.

42 – The Algerian people for their part are determined to build a democratic national order which shall protect both the universal democratic values and the national values which they have developed throughout their history, in their long struggle against colonialism and to regain their national sovereignty, their fundamental rights and their liberties.

43 – In this regard, the Algerian people, through the Republican institutions including the political parties, undertake to strictly respect the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other peoples, and to reject any tendency or attempt to interfere in the internal affairs of the Algerian State.

- Adherence to political pluralism :

44 – The fundamental idea of liberty is the basis of political pluralism, which implies diversity of opinion, the recognition of the will of the majority and the protection of the legitimate right of minorities to defend their opinions.

45 – Political pluralism, recognised constitutionally, in accordance with the rules which govern the activities of political parties and in particular with the principle of refusing to use for partisan and political ends the three components of national identity, constitutes the essence of the democracy which the people of Algeria are determined to consolidate.

46 – This pluralist democracy may only be that which is freely chosen by the sovereign people alone in accordance with the values and the project of the Revolution of November 1st 1954.

- Respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people :

47 – Pluralist democracy, nourished by the authentic values of the Algerian people, rejects the imposition of any single opinion or programme.

Based particularly on freedom of expression and political pluralism, it requires strict respect for alternation in government through the free choice of the Algerian people.

3/ PLURALIST DEMOCRACY, SOVEREIGN CHOICE OF THE ALGERIAN PEOPLE

48 – Pluralist democracy, in which our national values, the superior interests of the Nation, and individual and collective liberties are respected, is the sovereign choice of the Algerian people, for which the State and its institutions shall be the guarantors.

49 – It is by respecting our national values, positive values inherited from our ancestors and which do not contradict the Constitution and the laws of the Republic, that pluralist democracy shall blossom and be strengthened.

50 – The present Platform is a new achievement which follows on directly from the fundamental principles of the November Revolution.

51 – The present platform also represents the development of a national political consensus concerning respect for the basic principles and national characteristics on the basis of which pluralist democracy shall be consolidated, and the institutional structure shall be built.

52 – Finally the present Platform provides the basis for a new departure for a Nation reconciled with itself and committed with determination and confidence to national recovery.

53 – It is thanks to the unwavering unity of its members and its legendary patriotism that the Algerian people shall implement the ideals of the November Revolution by building a Society attached to its national values, a Society of progress where social justice and the fair distribution of the costs and fruits of its development are guaranteed.

The Algerian people, faithful to the message of November, shall strengthen their national independence and consolidate the role of Algerian peace and stability in the Concert of Nations.

54 – The people of Algeria shall build together in a spirit of fraternity and solidarity, this democratic, stable and prosperous country to which our people aspire.

ELECTORAL TIMETABLE

In order to provide an indicative timescale, a timetable is proposed for the different due dates:

- the referendum on revision of the Constitution shall be organised before the end of the year 1996;

- the legislative elections shall take place during the first half of the year 1997;

- the local elections shall be held during the second half of the year 1997.

In this respect, the “Conference on National Understanding” Committee has expressed its full confidence in the person of the President of the Republic to make any necessary changes to this timetable in the light of events, in order to best serve the current process to overcome the crisis.

Liste des Partis Politiques, Organisations et Associations Nationales Concernés Par la Signature de la Plate-Forme de l’Entente National

14-15 Septembre 1996

PARTIS POLITIQUES

SBENHAMOUDA Boualem, Secrétaire général du Parti du Front de Libération Nationale

TALEB Mohamed Chérif, Président du Parti National pour la Solidarité et le Développement

BOUKROUH Noureddine, Président du Parti du Renouveau Algérien

KHELIL Ahmed, Président du Parti Social Libéral

DJABALLAH Abdellah, Président du Mouvement de la Nahda Islamique

MERBAH Abdelkader Secrétaire général du Mouvement Algérien pour la Justice et le Développement

NAHNAH Mahfoud, Président du Mouvement de la Société Islamique HAMAS

MALEKRéda, Président de l'Alliance Nationale Républicaine

BENDRIDI Ibrahim, Président du Front du Salut National

BELHADJ Khelil, Président du Parti de l'Union Arabe Islamique Démqcratique

SASSI Mebrouk, Secrétaire Général du Parti Progressiste Démocratique

HAMIDOU Redouane, Président du Mouvement de la Jeunesse Démocratique

LASSOUED Amar, Président du Mouvement des Forces Arabo-Islamiques

ZEGHDOUD Ali, Président du Rassemblement Arabo-lslamique

MEGDOUD Foudil, Président de l'Union du Peuple Algérien

SAAD Mohamed, Président du Front du Djihad pour l'Unité

YOUSFI Mohamed, Président du Front des Générations de l'indépendance

SEDDIKI Abdelkrim, Coordinateur de l'Union pour la Démocratie et les Libertés

TLEMÇANI Mustapha, Président 'du Front des Forces Populaires

BELHAI Abdelkader, Président du Parti du Rassemblement National Algérien

LEKAL Yacine, Président du Rassemblement pour L'Unité Nationale

AINOUCHE Mohand Ameziane, Président du HIZBOLHAQ

LAKHDARI Lazhar, Secrétaire général du Rassemblement des Jeunes de la Nation Algérienne

SENIGR} Mohamed Ali, Président du Parti National Démocratique Socialiste

BOUACHA Amar, Président du Mouvement National des Jeunes Algériens et Algériennes

RABIE Naji, Président du Parti Libérateur Juste

AKIF Abderrahmane, Président du Mouvement National pour la Nature et le Développement

ORGANISATIONS NATIONALES

BENHAMOUDA Abdelhak, Secrétaire général de l'Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens

ABBES Mohamed Chérif, Secrétaire général de !'

Organisation Nationale des Moudjahidine

NAIMI Abdelkader, Secrétaire général de l'Union Nationale des Paysans Algériens et des Travailleurs du Secteur Agricole

BENBAIBECHE Tahar, Secrétaire général de !'

Organisation Nationale des Enfants de Chouhada

BOUZGHOUB Mohamed Tahar, Président de l'Association Nationale des Retraités de l'A.N.P.

KHALFA Mebarek, Secrétaire général de l'Organisation Nationale des Enfants de Moudjahidine

TOUATI Moussa, Coordinateur national de la Coordination Nationale des Enfants de Chouhada

ORGANISATIONS PATRONALES PUBLIQUES ET PRIVEES

PATRONAT PUBLIC

Mr. SLIMANI ALI, Secrétaire général del'Union Nationale des Entrepreneurs Publics (UNEP)

Pour les associations suivantes:

Fédération des Associations des Gestionnaires des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises Publiques

Union Nationale des Entrepreneurs Publics

PATRONAT PRIVE

Mr. TITAH Mohamed Lamine, Président de la Confédération Algérienne du Patronat (CAP)

Pour les associations suivantes:

Association des Chefs d'Entreprises

Confédération Générale des Opérateurs Economiques Algériens

Confédération Algérienne du Patronat

Confédération Nationale du Patronat Algérien

Association pour la Promotion des Femmes Managers

ASSOCIATIONS DE JEUNES

Mr. BELAID Nourreddine, Commissaire Général des Scouts Musulmans Algériens (SMA)

Pour les associations suivantes :

Fédération Nationale des Associations des Personnes Handicapées

Association Algérienne des Activités Scientifiques et Techniques de la Jeunesse

Association Nationale des Activités de Plein-Air, de Loisirs et des Echanges de Jeunes

Association Nationale de Volontariat (TOUIZA)

Scouts Musulmans Algériens

Association nationale pour la Promotion et la Protection de la Femme et de la jeune fille

Union Nationale des Etudiants Algériens

Association Nationale pour la Promotion et l'intégration des Jeunes

Union Nationale de la Jeunesse Algérienne

Association pour la Promotion de la Culture et du Tourisme Etudiant

Association Nationale des Echanges de Jeunes

Association Algérienne de l'information et de la Communication

Union Générale des Etudiants Libres

Association Algérienne des Jeunes Intellectuels

Association Nationale Jeunes pour la Santé, la Culture et le Développement

Association Nationale des Jeunes Avocats

ASSOCIATIONS FEMININES

Mme BARKI Aïcha Présidente de l'Association Nationale pour la Lutte contre l' Analphabétisme (IQRA)

Pour les associations suivantes:

Association Voix de Femmes,

Association Nationale pour la Lutte contre l'Analphabétisme

Mouvement des Femmes Algériennes pour la Solidarité avec la Famille Rurale

Association Nationale des Familles Victimes du Terrorisme

Associ.ation Nationale de Soutien aux Enfants en Difficulté en Institution

Rassemblement des Femmes Nationalistes Algériennes