Statement by Libya Dialogue Participants, Skhirat, Morocco

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Country/entity: Libya
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Agreement name: Statement by Libya Dialogue Participants, Skhirat, Morocco
Date: 2 Jul 2015
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Libyan Conflicts (1969 - 1994) (2011 - )
Agreements relate to two distinct conflict dyads.
Libya-Chad. Since the 1970s, Libya under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi had a tense relationship with its neighbour Chad, predominantly focused on the resource-rich Aouzou Strip in northern Chad. Libyan claims of the Aouzou Strip were held in an un-ratified treaty between France and Italy in 1935, similarly Chadian claims of the Strip were argued with support of a 1955 treaty between Libya and France. In 1973, Libya effectively annexed the Strip to gain access to natural resources. This spurred cross-border clashes between 1979 until 1987 until escalated to a brief war known as the Toyota War, wherein Chadian government troops succeeded in repelling Libyan forces. A brief and repeatedly violated ceasefire was held from 1987-88, followed by a series of unsuccessful negotiations, until an International Court of Justice ruling in 1994, which granted sovereignty of the Strip to Chad.

Libya post-Gaddafi. Gaddafi’s downfall following the Libyan Civil War in 2011-2012, led to several factions fighting for the country’s leadership. Since 2013, the country effectively split into three entities, with the National Army controlling the east including the city of Benghazi, and the New General National Congress and their militias such as the Golden Dawn controlling the northwest including the capital of Tripoli. Significant portions of the country in the south-west are currently held by Tuareg forces. The civil war and chaos continued into 2014 as the General National Congress refused to disband after the expiry of its mandate, resulting in eruption of mass protests. The UN efforts continue to broker peace between the Libyan Army and the Libya Dawn factions, and a partial ceasefire was declared in January 2015. A new interim-government (Tunisia-based) called ‘Government of National Accord’ is formed with the backing of UN despite the refusal of the other forces to recognise its authority and arrived to Tripoli with the UN in 2016. A state of emergency was declared by the UN backed government amid clashed between rival militia in Tripoli’s southern suburbs. Since April 2019 there has been sustained fighting between the Libyan National Army and the UN-backed government in Tripoli as the Libyan National Army aims to seize Tripoli.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Libyan peace process
Parties: Participants of the Libyan Dialogue in Skhirat, Morocco.
Third parties: Special Representative of the Secretary General and the United Nations Support Mission in Libya
Description: Short signed statement from the Libyan Dialogue participants calling for unity among those participating, particularly (but not explicitly) aimed at the GNC based in Tripoli, whose participants were unhappy with the arrangement and did not sign the following national agreement.

Agreement document: LY_150702_Statement by Libyan Dialogue Participants.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 1, ... based on the principles of democracy and separation of powers; ...
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General references
Page 1, We are committed to start working, immediately after initialing the agreement, on the formation of a Government of National Accord that will quickly start functioning to fulfill the hopes and aspirations of Libyans for dignified livelihoods as well as to finalizing the annexes. All that shall be done together through consensus among all the participants in the Libyan political dialogue.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: Governance→Constitution→Constitutional reform/making
Page 1, Acknowledging the depth of the security, political and humanitarian crisis that our beloved country is going through, the challenges that Libya is facing and the urgent need to take the appropriate decisions to end violence and divisions, unite institutions, establish good governance and fight terrorism; reaffirming our commitment to the Libyan-Libyan dialogue as the only way to reach a peaceful settlement of the crisis in Libya, based on the principles of democracy and separation of powers; confident that this agreement presents a clear vision for the management of the transitional period until the constitution is adopted, in a manner that guarantees wide participation of Libyan political actors without exclusion or discrimination;

Power sharing

Political power sharing: Power sharing→Political power sharing→General
State level
Page 1, We are committed to start working, immediately after initialing the agreement, on the formation of a Government of National Accord that will quickly start functioning to fulfill the hopes and aspirations of Libyans for dignified livelihoods as well as to finalizing the annexes. All that shall be done together through consensus among all the participants in the Libyan political dialogue.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 1, Acknowledging the depth of the security, political and humanitarian crisis that our beloved country is going through, the challenges that Libya is facing and the urgent need to take the appropriate decisions to end violence and divisions, unite institutions, establish good governance and fight terrorism; reaffirming our commitment to the Libyan-Libyan dialogue as the only way to reach a peaceful settlement of the crisis in Libya, based on the principles of democracy and separation of powers; confident that this agreement presents a clear vision for the management of the transitional period until the constitution is adopted, in a manner that guarantees wide participation of Libyan political actors without exclusion or discrimination;

Page 1, This is the ideal way to build a civil democratic society based on the principles of 17 February revolution, in order for all of us to complete the transitional period with all its difficulties through consolidating the principles of dialogue and consensus.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, Acknowledging the depth of the security, political and humanitarian crisis that our beloved country is going through, the challenges that Libya is facing and the urgent need to take the appropriate decisions to end violence and divisions, unite institutions, establish good governance and fight terrorism; reaffirming our commitment to the Libyan-Libyan dialogue as the only way to reach a
peaceful settlement of the crisis in Libya, based on the principles of democracy and separation of powers; confident that this agreement presents a clear vision for the management of the transitional period until the constitution is adopted, in a manner that guarantees wide participation of Libyan political actors without exclusion or discrimination;
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: Page 1, Acknowledging the depth of the security, political and humanitarian crisis that our beloved country is going through, the challenges that Libya is facing and the urgent need to take the appropriate decisions to end violence and divisions, unite institutions, establish good governance and fight terrorism; reaffirming our commitment to the Libyan-Libyan dialogue as the only way to reach a peaceful settlement of the crisis in Libya, based on the principles of democracy and separation of powers; confident that this agreement presents a clear vision for the management of the transitional period until the constitution is adopted, in a manner that guarantees wide participation of Libyan political actors without exclusion or discrimination;

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, We call on all the Libyans not to waste this opportunity to reach consensus, to strongly support this dialogue and to encourage all parties, whether individuals or groups, to continue working for peace, reconciliation and the rejection of violence.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Libya Herald - https://www.libyaherald.com/statement-by-libyan-dialogue-participants-skhirat-morocco-2-july-2015/

Statement by Libyan Dialogue Participants – Skhirat, Morocco, 2 July 2015

We, the undersigned, participants to the Libyan dialogue process

Acknowledging the depth of the security, political and humanitarian crisis that our beloved country is going through, the challenges that Libya is facing and the urgent need to take the appropriate decisions to end violence and divisions, unite institutions, establish good governance and fight terrorism;

reaffirming our commitment to the Libyan-Libyan dialogue as the only way to reach a peaceful settlement of the crisis in Libya, based on the principles of democracy and separation of powers;

confident that this agreement presents a clear vision for the management of the transitional period until the constitution is adopted, in a manner that guarantees wide participation of Libyan political actors without exclusion or discrimination;

After long strenuous months of negotiations to build consensus during which all participants demonstrated courage and sense of responsibility, we would like to announce to the Libyan people in this blessed month that we were able to agree on the text of the Libyan political agreement attached to this statement.

We are certain that that it will put Libya on the track of the aspired solution.

We have gone through this difficult process backed by the support and trust of the Libyan people, with our brothers, whom we hoped would be with us today.

They played an important role in drafting this agreement.

We are looking forward to their making the right decision in the coming few days to complete the consensus that was built throughout this process.

Therefore, before initialing the agreement within the coming few days in Skhirat, there is still an opportunity for our brothers to join this consensus and assume an important role in the political process.

We are hoping that their decision in the coming few days will be positive and consistent with the prevailing spirit in the Libyan society that is eager for an agreement, and will steer away from calls for the continuation of war, division and exclusion and that they will shoulder their responsibility before the Libyan people.

We are committed to start working, immediately after initialing the agreement, on the formation of a Government of National Accord that will quickly start functioning to fulfill the hopes and aspirations of Libyans for dignified livelihoods as well as to finalizing the annexes.

All that shall be done together through consensus among all the participants in the Libyan political dialogue.

We call on all the Libyans not to waste this opportunity to reach consensus, to strongly support this dialogue and to encourage all parties, whether individuals or groups, to continue working for peace, reconciliation and the rejection of violence.

This is the ideal way to build a civil democratic society based on the principles of 17 February revolution, in order for all of us to complete the transitional period with all its difficulties through consolidating the principles of dialogue and consensus.

In this decisive moment, we call on all participants in the different tracks of the dialogue to support this agreement and to create conducive circumstances for its full implementation.

We also call on everyone to exercise restraint, avoid escalation and being dragged into violence.

We call on them to sustain the dialogue and communication for the benefit of Libya.

We would like to express our appreciation for the positive role played by the Special Representative of the Secretary General and the United Nations Support Mission in Libya in sponsoring the Libyan dialogue.

We call on the United Nations and the International Community to provide more support to enable Libya to get out of the crisis.

Finally, we would like to express our gratitude and appreciation to the brotherly Kingdom of Morocco for hosting the Libyan dialogue and for all the efforts to ensure its success.