'Hudna’ (truce) of al-Zabadani, Kefriyya and al-Fu’aa

Country/entity
Syria
Region
Middle East and North Africa
Agreement name
'Hudna’ (truce) of al-Zabadani, Kefriyya and al-Fu’aa
Date
20 Sep 2015
Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement
Yes
Agreement/conflict level
Intrastate/local conflict
Stage
Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature
Government
Peace process
Intra-Syrian Process (state/non-state)
Parties
Syrian Armed Forces/Hezbollah and Syrian rebel factions fighting under the banner of Jaysh al-Fatah
Third parties
-
Description
Short truce 'hudna' agreement between the Syrian Armed Forces/Hezbollah and Syrian rebel factions fighting under the banner of Jaysh al-Fatah allowing for the civilian evacuation Kefriyya and al-Fu’aa near Idlib. In return rebel fighters would leave Al-Zabadani and surrender medium and heavy arms to the regime. The regime would also release 500 rebel fighters.


Groups

Children/youth
Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
Page 1,
... 6. Those desiring to evacuate among women and children under the age of 18 and men over the age of 50 from al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā cannot number more than 10,000 Syrian citizens.

Page 1,
... 8. Pledge and commit to release 500 detainees from state prisons after the completion of the first phase. In the second phase, discussions [will] begin to break this number down to 325 women, 25 juveniles, and 150 men arrested before the 1 July 2015 [to undertaken] without adherence to specific names or areas.

Page 2,
... 20. After withdrawal of the total number who will leave al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā (women, children, elderly and the wounded), and al-Zabadānī (wounded, weapons bearers and families), the batch of people from the two areas will determined in proportion to the specified numbers. Mūrak point will be the exchange point in both directions.
Disabled persons

No specific mention.

Elderly/age
Groups→Elderly/age→Substantive
Page 1,
... 6. Those desiring to evacuate among women and children under the age of 18 and men over the age of 50 from al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā cannot number more than 10,000 Syrian citizens.

Page 2,
... 20. After withdrawal of the total number who will leave al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā (women, children, elderly and the wounded), and al-Zabadānī (wounded, weapons bearers and families), the batch of people from the two areas will determined in proportion to the specified numbers. Mūrak point will be the exchange point in both directions.
Migrant workers

No specific mention.

Racial/ethnic/national group

No specific mention.

Religious groups

No specific mention.

Indigenous people

No specific mention.

Other groups

No specific mention.

Refugees/displaced persons
Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
[Summary] Agreement allows for the evacuation of 10,000 Syrians from al-Zabadani and surrounding districts to Idlib, which includes women, children, fighters bearing light arms, the wounded and men over the age of 50.

Page 1,
... 5. The Iranian and Lebanese governments endeavour to remove families in al-Zabadanī escaping on illegal routes to Lebanon and repatriate them directly to Syria or Turkey on the condition that there are no more than 40-50 families, and that it is done during the first phase.

Page 2,
... 16. It is agreed that the point of reception and handling of those entering or leaving the area of Idlib is the town of Mūrak. For al-Zabadānī the point [of entry/exit] is reached through the liaison officers of both sides.

Page 2,
... 20. After withdrawal of the total number who will leave al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā (women, children, elderly and the wounded), and al-Zabadānī (wounded, weapons bearers and families), the batch of people from the two areas will determined in proportion to the specified numbers. Mūrak point will be the exchange point in both directions.
Social class

No specific mention.


Gender

Women, girls and gender
Page 1,
... 6. Those desiring to evacuate among women and children under the age of 18 and men over the age of 50 from al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā cannot number more than 10,000 Syrian citizens.

Page 1,
... 8. Pledge and commit to release 500 detainees from state prisons after the completion of the first phase. In the second phase, discussions [will] begin to break this number down to 325 women, 25 juveniles, and 150 men arrested before the 1 July 2015 [to undertaken] without adherence to specific names or areas.

Page 2,
... 20. After withdrawal of the total number who will leave al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā (women, children, elderly and the wounded), and al-Zabadānī (wounded, weapons bearers and families), the batch of people from the two areas will determined in proportion to the specified numbers. Mūrak point will be the exchange point in both directions.
Men and boys
Gender→Men and boys→Gender neutral wording
Page 1,
... 6. Those desiring to evacuate among women and children under the age of 18 and men over the age of 50 from al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā cannot number more than 10,000 Syrian citizens.

Page 1,
... 8. Pledge and commit to release 500 detainees from state prisons after the completion of the first phase. In the second phase, discussions [will] begin to break this number down to 325 women, 25 juveniles, and 150 men arrested before the 1 July 2015 [to undertaken] without adherence to specific names or areas.
LGBTI

No specific mention.

Family
Page 1,
... 3. The departure of all fighters from the town of al-Zabadānī who want to leave with their families from the al-Zabadānī area.

Page 1,
... 4. The only destination for all wanting to leave al-Zabadānī (gunmen, the wounded, families) is Idlib.

Page 1,
... 5. The Iranian and Lebanese governments endeavour to remove families in al-Zabadanī escaping on illegal routes to Lebanon and repatriate them directly to Syria or Turkey on the condition that there are no more than 40-50 families, and that it is done during the first phase.

Page 2,
... 19. The families of militants in al-Zabadānī who wish to leave, these are included in all families that wish to leave that are located in al-Zabadānī, Madhayya, Baqīn and Sirghayya.

State definition

Nature of state (general)

No specific mention.

State configuration

No specific mention.

Self determination

No specific mention.

Referendum

No specific mention.

State symbols

No specific mention.

Independence/secession

No specific mention.

Accession/unification

No specific mention.

Border delimitation

No specific mention.

Cross-border provision

No specific mention.


Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed)

No specific mention.

Elections

No specific mention.

Electoral commission

No specific mention.

Political parties reform

No specific mention.

Civil society
Page 2,
... 18. This agreement does not include the departure of militants in Madhayya, but it permits the evacuation of the precariously wounded that cannot be treated in Madhayya and this is determined by the Red Crescent under the auspices of the United Nations.
Traditional/religious leaders

No specific mention.

Public administration

No specific mention.

Constitution

No specific mention.


Power sharing

Political power sharing

No specific mention.

Territorial power sharing

No specific mention.

Economic power sharing

No specific mention.

Military power sharing

No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general

No specific mention.

Bill of rights/similar

No specific mention.

Treaty incorporation

No specific mention.

Civil and political rights

No specific mention.

Socio-economic rights

No specific mention.


Rights related issues

Citizenship

No specific mention.

Democracy

No specific mention.

Detention procedures

No specific mention.

Media and communication

No specific mention.

Mobility/access
Page 1,
... 11. The truce, in addition to the ceasefire, also includes an end to the hostility [aimed at] closing the humanitarian corridor to al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā, or the closure of passages to Madhayya, Baqīn and Sirghayya.
Protection measures

No specific mention.

Other

No specific mention.


Rights institutions

NHRI

No specific mention.

Regional or international human rights institutions

No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law

No specific mention.

State of emergency provisions

No specific mention.

Judiciary and courts

No specific mention.

Prisons and detention

No specific mention.

Traditional Laws

No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction

No specific mention.

National economic plan

No specific mention.

Natural resources

No specific mention.

International funds

No specific mention.

Business

No specific mention.

Taxation

No specific mention.

Banks

No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights

No specific mention.

Pastoralist/nomadism rights

No specific mention.

Cultural heritage

No specific mention.

Environment

No specific mention.

Water or riparian rights or access

No specific mention.


Security sector

Security Guarantees
Page 2,
... 15. All parties will ensure security and smooth progress of work within the areas of their control.
Ceasefire
Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
[Summary] Agreement is a ceasefire agreement

Page 1,
1. This agreement, including the first stage, will be effective immediately after the agreement is signed and the second phase precedes immediately following the first stage.

Page 1,
2. The areas that are covered by the ceasefire in the beginning, and later by the hudnah [are]:
a. South: al-Zabadānī, Madhayya, Baqīn, Sirghayya, and the surrounding military zone.
b. North: al-Fuʿaa, Kifrayā, Banīsh, Taftanāz, Taʿum, Maʿrat Masrayn, Idlib City, Ram Hamdan, Zirdana Shalakh.


Page 1,
... 9. At the zero hour [this] ceasefire will be entered into force, and [will] begin with the undertaking of the first phase.

Page 1,
... 10. [This] ceasefire agreement includes the following stipulations, necessary for both sides:
a. The cessation of all military operations and a ceasefire inside the areas of the truce, [as well as] outside of them.
b. The cessation of war planes and helicopters, including the dropping of aid from helicopters.
c. The cessation of any improvements to bunkers and housing on the frontline.
d. The cessation of any advancement in buffer zones between the contact lines.

Page 1,
... 11. The truce, in addition to the ceasefire, also includes an end to the hostility [aimed at] closing the humanitarian corridor to al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā, or the closure of passages to Madhayya, Baqīn and Sirghayya.

Page 2,
... 13. The destruction of heavy weapons in al-Zabadānī.

Page 2,
... 17. Within 48 hours of the time the above points are approved, logistical preparations for the implementation of the agreement will begin.
Police

No specific mention.

Armed forces
[Summary] Ceasefire provisions provides clauses that include the National Syrian Army. See ceasefire.
DDR

No specific mention.

Intelligence services

No specific mention.

Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
[Summary] Ceasefire provisions provides clauses that include the Syrian opposition forces. See ceasefire.

Page 1,
... 3. The departure of all fighters from the town of al-Zabadānī who want to leave with their families from the al-Zabadānī area.

Page 1,
... 4. The only destination for all wanting to leave al-Zabadānī (gunmen, the wounded, families) is Idlib.

Page 1-2,
... 12. The departure of militants from al-Zabadānī with an individual light weapon, backpacks and one shoulder bag (that does not contain weapons or ammunition). Individual light arms include one personal pistol and one of the following: rifles of all kinds, sniper rifles of all kinds, PK machine guns and rocket propelled grenade launchers.

Page 2,
... 18. This agreement does not include the departure of militants in Madhayya, but it permits the evacuation of the precariously wounded that cannot be treated in Madhayya and this is determined by the Red Crescent under the auspices of the United Nations.
Withdrawal of foreign forces

No specific mention.

Corruption

No specific mention.

Crime/organised crime

No specific mention.

Drugs

No specific mention.

Terrorism

No specific mention.


Transitional justice

Transitional justice general

No specific mention.

Amnesty/pardon

No specific mention.

Courts

No specific mention.

Mechanism

No specific mention.

Prisoner release
Page 1,
... 8. Pledge and commit to release 500 detainees from state prisons after the completion of the first phase. In the second phase, discussions [will] begin to break this number down to 325 women, 25 juveniles, and 150 men arrested before the 1 July 2015 [to undertaken] without adherence to specific names or areas.

Page 2,
... 23. At the end of the first phase, the second phase will begin which includes the release of 500 detainees and prisoners and demonstrating the truce for [a period] of six months in the areas mentioned in Article 2. The details of the truce and the adjustment of its mechanism will be discussed during a face-to-face meeting.
Vetting

No specific mention.

Victims

No specific mention.

Missing persons

No specific mention.

Reparations

No specific mention.

Reconciliation

No specific mention.


Implementation

UN signatory

No specific mention.

Other international signatory

No specific mention.

Referendum for agreement

No specific mention.

International mission/force/similar
Page 2,
... 14. The agreement will be implemented under the auspices, supervision and in the presence of the United Nations.
Enforcement mechanism
Page 2,
... 22. A working group will be formed including delegates from the United Nations, Iran and from the militant [organisations] to be considered an authority to follow up on the implementation of the agreement and resolve any problems that may arise. The UN and Iranian delegates will reside in Damascus and will communicate with the militant [organisation's] delegates.

Page 2,
... 23. At the end of the first phase, the second phase will begin which includes the release of 500 detainees and prisoners and demonstrating the truce for [a period] of six months in the areas mentioned in Article 2. The details of the truce and the adjustment of its mechanism will be discussed during a face-to-face meeting.
Related cases

No specific mention.

Source
Lebanon 24; http://www.lebanon24.com/articles/1442775358414697000/

Source agreement

Truce of al-Zabadānī, Kifrayā and al-Fuʿaa

20 September 2015

1. This agreement, including the first stage, will be effective immediately after the agreement is signed and the second phase precedes immediately following the first stage.

2. The areas that are covered by the ceasefire in the beginning, and later by the hudnah [are]:

a. South:

al-Zabadānī, Madhayya, Baqīn, Sirghayya, and the surrounding military zone.

b. North:

al-Fuʿaa, Kifrayā, Banīsh, Taftanāz, Taʿum, Maʿrat Masrayn, Idlib City, Ram Hamdan, Zirdana Shalakh.

3. The departure of all fighters from the town of al-Zabadānī who want to leave with their families from the al-Zabadānī area.

4. The only destination for all wanting to leave al-Zabadānī (gunmen, the wounded, families) is Idlib.

5. The Iranian and Lebanese governments endeavour to remove families in al-Zabadanī escaping on illegal routes to Lebanon and repatriate them directly to Syria or Turkey on the condition that there are no more than 40-50 families, and that it is done during the first phase.

6. Those desiring to evacuate among women and children under the age of 18 and men over the age of 50 from al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā cannot number more than 10,000 Syrian citizens.

7. The complete evacuation of wounded being treated in al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā taking into consideration those treated in al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā do not exceed [the stated] 10,000.

8. Pledge and commit to release 500 detainees from state prisons after the completion of the first phase.

In the second phase, discussions [will] begin to break this number down to 325 women, 25 juveniles, and 150 men arrested before the 1 July 2015 [to undertaken] without adherence to specific names or areas.

9. At the zero hour [this] ceasefire will be entered into force, and [will] begin with the undertaking of the first phase.

10. [

This] ceasefire agreement includes the following stipulations, necessary for both sides:

a. The cessation of all military operations and a ceasefire inside the areas of the truce, [as well as] outside of them.

b. The cessation of war planes and helicopters, including the dropping of aid from helicopters.

c. The cessation of any improvements to bunkers and housing on the frontline.

d. The cessation of any advancement in buffer zones between the contact lines.

11. The truce, in addition to the ceasefire, also includes an end to the hostility [aimed at] closing the humanitarian corridor to al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā, or the closure of passages to Madhayya, Baqīn and Sirghayya.

12. The departure of militants from al-Zabadānī with an individual light weapon, backpacks and one shoulder bag (that does not contain weapons or ammunition).

Individual light arms include one personal pistol and one of the following:

rifles of all kinds, sniper rifles of all kinds, PK machine guns and rocket propelled grenade launchers.

13. The destruction of heavy weapons in al-Zabadānī.

14. The agreement will be implemented under the auspices, supervision and in the presence of the United Nations.

15. All parties will ensure security and smooth progress of work within the areas of their control.

16. It is agreed that the point of reception and handling of those entering or leaving the area of Idlib is the town of Mūrak.

For al-Zabadānī the point [of entry/exit] is reached through the liaison officers of both sides.

17. Within 48 hours of the time the above points are approved, logistical preparations for the implementation of the agreement will begin.

18. This agreement does not include the departure of militants in Madhayya, but it permits the evacuation of the precariously wounded that cannot be treated in Madhayya and this is determined by the Red Crescent under the auspices of the United Nations.

19. The families of militants in al-Zabadānī who wish to leave, these are included in all families that wish to leave that are located in al-Zabadānī, Madhayya, Baqīn and Sirghayya.

20. After withdrawal of the total number who will leave al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā (women, children, elderly and the wounded), and al-Zabadānī (wounded, weapons bearers and families), the batch of people from the two areas will determined in proportion to the specified numbers.

Mūrak point will be the exchange point in both directions.

21. Medical teams will enter al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā (determined by the United Nations) to identify the wounded who can be treated in al-Fuʿaa and Kifrayā and wish to be among the 10,000 that leave.

22. A working group will be formed including delegates from the United Nations, Iran and from the militant [organisations] to be considered an authority to follow up on the implementation of the agreement and resolve any problems that may arise.

The UN and Iranian delegates will reside in Damascus and will communicate with the militant [organisation's] delegates.

23. At the end of the first phase, the second phase will begin which includes the release of 500 detainees and prisoners and demonstrating the truce for [a period] of six months in the areas mentioned in Article 2.

The details of the truce and the adjustment of its mechanism will be discussed during a face-to-face meeting.