Agreement in Implementation of Security Council Resolution 802 (1993)

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Country/entity: Croatia
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Agreement in Implementation of Security Council Resolution 802 (1993)
Date: 6 Apr 1993
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Croatia negotiation process
Parties: Z. LEROTIC; S. JARCEVIC
Third parties: D. OWEN
Description: This agreement contains mechanisms to implement UNSC Resolution 802 (1993), UNSC Resolution 762 (1992) and the Vance Plan. This includes a ceasefire between the Croatian government armed forces and the local Serb authorities, opening and reconstruction by UNPROFOR of airport, bridge and dam facilities, and commencement of talks.

Agreement document: HR_930406_Agreement in implementation of UNSCR 802 (1993).pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, 4.
Maslenica Bridge, Zemunik Airport and Peruca Dam, including their associated facilities, as well as the roads from Zadar to the Bridge, that from Zadar to the Airport, that from the Bridge via Rovanjska to Seline, and that from Sinj to the Dam, are to be available for civilian use by all persons. In the areas referred to in paragraph 2 above, such use, as well as all necessary reconstruction, shall be under the exclusive control of UNPROFOR.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, 1.
In implementation of paragraph 1 of Security Council resolution 802, the armed forces of the Republic of Croatia shall cease hostile activities within or adjacent to the United Nations Protected Areas at 00:01 hours on the fourth day after the entry into force of this agreement. The Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Serb local authorities shall henceforth comply strictly with the cease-fire arrangements already agreed.

Page 1, 2.
The armed forces of the Republic of Croatia shall commence, within five days of the cessation of hostilities pursuant to paragraph 1, to return to the lines of confrontation existing before the outbreak of hostilities on 22 January 1993 and shall complete this return within a further five days, in accordance with a schedule established by UNPROFOR. No armed forces of the Serb local authorities shall move into any area from which the Croatian Government armed forces thus withdraw.

Page 1, 3.
In parallel to the withdrawal of Croatian Government armed forces pursuant to paragraph 2 and in accordance with a schedule established by UNPROFOR that may not extend beyond 10 days after the cessation of hostilities pursuant to paragraph 1, all heavy weapons shall be placed under the supervision of UNPROFOR in accordance with the Vance Plan.

Page 1, 6.
In order to enable UNPROFOR to carry out the functions foreseen for it under this agreement, UNPROFOR is to re-establish and strengthen its military and police presence in each area from which Croatian Government armed forces are to withdraw pursuant to paragraph 2 above, before such area is vacated. The parties shall request the United Nations to strengthen UNPROFOR to carry out these functions under the Vance Plan.
Police: Page 1, 6.
In order to enable UNPROFOR to carry out the functions foreseen for it under this agreement, UNPROFOR is to re-establish and strengthen its military and police presence in each area from which Croatian Government armed forces are to withdraw pursuant to paragraph 2 above, before such area is vacated. The parties shall request the United Nations to strengthen UNPROFOR to carry out these functions under the Vance Plan.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 1, 3.
In parallel to the withdrawal of Croatian Government armed forces pursuant to paragraph 2 and in accordance with a schedule established by UNPROFOR that may not extend beyond 10 days after the cessation of hostilities pursuant to paragraph 1, all heavy weapons shall be placed under the supervision of UNPROFOR in accordance with the Vance Plan.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, 1.
In implementation of paragraph 1 of Security Council resolution 802, the armed forces of the Republic of Croatia shall cease hostile activities within or adjacent to the United Nations Protected Areas at 00:01 hours on the fourth day after the entry into force of this agreement. The Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Serb local authorities shall henceforth comply strictly with the cease-fire arrangements already agreed.

Page 1, 2.
The armed forces of the Republic of Croatia shall commence, within five days of the cessation of hostilities pursuant to paragraph 1, to return to the lines of confrontation existing before the outbreak of hostilities on 22 January 1993 and shall complete this return within a further five days, in accordance with a schedule established by UNPROFOR. No armed forces of the Serb local authorities shall move into any area from which the Croatian Government armed forces thus withdraw.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, 2.
The armed forces of the Republic of Croatia shall commence, within five days of the cessation of hostilities pursuant to paragraph 1, to return to the lines of confrontation existing before the outbreak of hostilities on 22 January 1993 and shall complete this return within a further five days, in accordance with a schedule established by UNPROFOR. No armed forces of the Serb local authorities shall move into any area from which the Croatian Government armed forces thus withdraw.

Page 1, 3.
In parallel to the withdrawal of Croatian Government armed forces pursuant to paragraph 2 and in accordance with a schedule established by UNPROFOR that may not extend beyond 10 days after the cessation of hostilities pursuant to paragraph 1, all heavy weapons shall be placed under the supervision of UNPROFOR in accordance with the Vance Plan.

Page 1, 4.
Maslenica Bridge, Zemunik Airport and Peruca Dam, including their associated facilities, as well as the roads from Zadar to the Bridge, that from Zadar to the Airport, that from the Bridge via Rovanjska to Seline, and that from Sinj to the Dam, are to be available for civilian use by all persons. In the areas referred to in paragraph 2 above, such use, as well as all necessary reconstruction, shall be under the exclusive control of UNPROFOR.

Page 1, 5.
The parties agree to begin, under the auspices as appropriate of UNPROFOR or the ICFY Steering Committee Co-Chairmen, to implement immediately the remaining provisions of the Vance Plan and of all relevant Security Council resolutions, including 762 (1992). To this end the parties shall commence talks, under the auspices of the Co-Chairmen, no later than 15 days after the entry into force of this agreement.

Page 1, 6.
In order to enable UNPROFOR to carry out the functions foreseen for it under this agreement, UNPROFOR is to re-establish and strengthen its military and police presence in each area from which Croatian Government armed forces are to withdraw pursuant to paragraph 2 above, before such area is vacated. The parties shall request the United Nations to strengthen UNPROFOR to carry out these functions under the Vance Plan.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to Security Council resolutions 802, 807 and 815 (1993) (S/25555), Annex, pp.3-4
http://repository.un.org/

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA

I. Agreement in implementation of Security Council resolution 802 (1993)

1. In implementation of paragraph 1 of Security Council resolution 802, the armed forces of the Republic of Croatia shall cease hostile activities within or adjacent to the United Nations Protected Areas at 00:01 hours on the fourth day after the entry into force of this agreement.

The Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Serb local authorities shall henceforth comply strictly with the cease-fire arrangements already agreed.

2. The armed forces of the Republic of Croatia shall commence, within five days of the cessation of hostilities pursuant to paragraph 1, to return to the lines of confrontation existing before the outbreak of hostilities on 22 January 1993 and shall complete this return within a further five days, in

accordance with a schedule established by UNPROFOR.

No armed forces of the Serb local authorities shall move into any area from which the Croatian Government armed forces thus withdraw.

3. In parallel to the withdrawal of Croatian Government armed forces pursuant to paragraph 2 and in accordance with a schedule established by UNPROFOR that may not extend beyond 10 days after the cessation of hostilities pursuant to paragraph 1, all heavy weapons shall be placed under the supervision of UNPROFOR in accordance with the Vance Plan.

4. Maslenica Bridge, Zemunik Airport and Peruca Dam, including their associated facilities, as well as the roads from Zadar to the Bridge, that from Zadar to the Airport, that from the Bridge via Rovanjska to Seline, and that from Sinj to the Dam, are to be available for civilian use by all persons.

In the areas referred to in paragraph 2 above, such use, as well as all necessary reconstruction, shall be under the exclusive control of UNPROFOR.

5. The parties agree to begin, under the auspices as appropriate of UNPROFOR or the ICFY Steering Committee Co-Chairmen, to implement immediately the remaining provisions of the Vance Plan and of all relevant Security Council resolutions, including 762 (1992).

To this end the parties shall commence talks, under the auspices of the Co-Chairmen, no later than 15 days after the entry into force of this agreement.

6. In order to enable UNPROFOR to carry out the functions foreseen for it under this agreement, UNPROFOR is to re-establish and strengthen its military and police presence in each area from which Croatian Government armed forces are to withdraw pursuant to paragraph 2 above, before such area is vacated.

The parties shall request the United Nations to strengthen UNPROFOR to carry out these functions under the Vance Plan.

7. This agreement shall enter into force when the Co-Chairmen have received from both parties the assurances referred to in the annex to this agreement.

(Signed) Z. LEROTIC (Signed) S. JARCEVIC

Witnessed by:

(Signed) D. OWEN

Geneva, 6 April 1993