The University of EdinburghPeace Agreements DatabasePeaceRep

Final agreement reached between SRSG, Mr Akashi and the Bosnian Serb civilian and military authorities, Belgrade, 23 April 1994

  • Country/entity

    Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Yugoslavia (former)
  • Region

    Europe and Eurasia
    Europe and Eurasia
  • Agreement name

    Final agreement reached between SRSG, Mr Akashi and the Bosnian Serb civilian and military authorities, Belgrade, 23 April 1994
  • Date

    23 Apr 1994
  • Agreement status

    Unilateral document
  • Interim arrangement

    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level

    Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001) )
  • Stage

    Ceasefire/related
  • Conflict nature

    Government/territory
  • Peace process

    Bosnia peace process
  • Parties

    SRSG Mr Akashi; Bosnian Serb Civilian and Military Authorities
  • Third parties

    -
  • Description

    This agreement provides for an immediate and total cease-fire in and around the area of Gorazde, to be monitored by a UNPROFOR battalion. It also provides for immediate medical evacuations, complete freedom of movement for UNPROFOR personnel and humanitarian organisations, and the immediate start of negotiations.


Groups

  • Children/youth

    No specific mention.

  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons

    No specific mention.

  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender

    No specific mention.

  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)

    No specific mention.

  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections

    No specific mention.

  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society
    Page 1, 4.
    COMPLETE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR ALL PERSONNEL OF UNPROFOR AND HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS.
  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.


Power sharing

  • Political power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general

    No specific mention.

  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.


Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication

    No specific mention.

  • Mobility/access
    Page 1, 4.
    COMPLETE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR ALL PERSONNEL OF UNPROFOR AND HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS.
  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other

    No specific mention.


Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction

    No specific mention.

  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees

    No specific mention.

  • Ceasefire
    Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
    Page 1, 1.
    AN IMMEDIATE AND TOTAL CEASE-FIRE IN AND AROUND THE AREA OF GORAZDE FROM 1200 HRS, 23 APRIL 1994.

    Page 1, 2.
    AS A FIRST STEP, URGENT DEPLOYMENT OF AN UNPROFOR BATTALION IN AN AREA OF THREE KILOMETRES FROM THE CENTRE OF GORAZDE, ON BOTH SIDES OF THE DRINA RIVER, FROM WHICH BOSNIAN SERB FORCES WILL BE REDEPLOYED BY MID-NIGHT ON 23 APRIL 1994, TO CLOSELY MONITOR, SUPERVISE AND REPORT ON THE OBSERVANCE OF THE CEASE-FIRE BY BOTH PARTIES. IN ADDITION, IMMEDIATELY AFTERWARDS, AND NOT LATER THAN MID-NIGHT 26 APRIL 1994, HEAVY WEAPONS WILL BE WITHDRAWN OUT OF A 20 KILOMETRE RADIUS OF THE CENTRE OF GORAZDE (BUT INSIDE THE TERRITORY OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA) AND OUT OF RANGE SO AS NOT TO CONSTITUTE A THREAT TO THE GORAZDE SAFE AREA, WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE PROCEDURES TO BE SUBSEQUENTLY AGREED IN ACCORDANCE WITH RESOLUTION 913, PARAGRAPH 3.
  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces

    No specific mention.

  • DDR

    No specific mention.

  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
    Page 1, 2.
    AS A FIRST STEP, URGENT DEPLOYMENT OF AN UNPROFOR BATTALION IN AN AREA OF THREE KILOMETRES FROM THE CENTRE OF GORAZDE, ON BOTH SIDES OF THE DRINA RIVER, FROM WHICH BOSNIAN SERB FORCES WILL BE REDEPLOYED BY MID-NIGHT ON 23 APRIL 1994, TO CLOSELY MONITOR, SUPERVISE AND REPORT ON THE OBSERVANCE OF THE CEASE-FIRE BY BOTH PARTIES. IN ADDITION, IMMEDIATELY AFTERWARDS, AND NOT LATER THAN MID-NIGHT 26 APRIL 1994, HEAVY WEAPONS WILL BE WITHDRAWN OUT OF A 20 KILOMETRE RADIUS OF THE CENTRE OF GORAZDE (BUT INSIDE THE TERRITORY OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA) AND OUT OF RANGE SO AS NOT TO CONSTITUTE A THREAT TO THE GORAZDE SAFE AREA, WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE PROCEDURES TO BE SUBSEQUENTLY AGREED IN ACCORDANCE WITH RESOLUTION 913, PARAGRAPH 3.
  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.


Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims

    No specific mention.

  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation

    No specific mention.


Implementation

  • UN signatory
    MR AKASHI, SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
  • Other international signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar
    Page 1, 2.
    AS A FIRST STEP, URGENT DEPLOYMENT OF AN UNPROFOR BATTALION IN AN AREA OF THREE KILOMETRES FROM THE CENTRE OF GORAZDE, ON BOTH SIDES OF THE DRINA RIVER, FROM WHICH BOSNIAN SERB FORCES WILL BE REDEPLOYED BY MID-NIGHT ON 23 APRIL 1994, TO CLOSELY MONITOR, SUPERVISE AND REPORT ON THE OBSERVANCE OF THE CEASE-FIRE BY BOTH PARTIES. IN ADDITION, IMMEDIATELY AFTERWARDS, AND NOT LATER THAN MID-NIGHT 26 APRIL 1994, HEAVY WEAPONS WILL BE WITHDRAWN OUT OF A 20 KILOMETRE RADIUS OF THE CENTRE OF GORAZDE (BUT INSIDE THE TERRITORY OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA) AND OUT OF RANGE SO AS NOT TO CONSTITUTE A THREAT TO THE GORAZDE SAFE AREA, WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE PROCEDURES TO BE SUBSEQUENTLY AGREED IN ACCORDANCE WITH RESOLUTION 913, PARAGRAPH 3.

    Page 1, 4.
    COMPLETE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR ALL PERSONNEL OF UNPROFOR AND HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS.
  • Enforcement mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    ICTY Court Records, Karadzic trial, exhibit D03498
    http://icr.icty.org/

FINAL AGREEMENT REACHED BETWEEN THE SRSG, MR AKASHI, AND THE BOSNIAN SERB CIVILIAN AND MILITARY AUTHORITIES, BELGRADE, 23 APRIL, 1994

GUIDED BY THE SPIRIT OF SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 913 OF 21 APRIL 1994.

THE SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA AND THE BOSNIAN SERB CIVILIAN AND MILITARY AUTHORITIES HAVE AGREED ON THE FOLLOWING:

1. AN IMMEDIATE AND TOTAL CEASE-FIRE IN AND AROUND THE AREA OF GORAZDE FROM 1200 HRS, 23 APRIL 1994.

2. AS A FIRST STEP, URGENT DEPLOYMENT OF AN UNPROFOR BATTALION IN AN AREA OF THREE KILOMETRES FROM THE CENTRE OF GORAZDE, ON BOTH SIDES OF THE DRINA RIVER, FROM WHICH BOSNIAN SERB FORCES WILL BE REDEPLOYED BY MID-NIGHT ON 23 APRIL 1994, TO CLOSELY MONITOR, SUPERVISE AND REPORT ON THE OBSERVANCE OF THE CEASE-FIRE BY BOTH PARTIES.

IN ADDITION, IMMEDIATELY AFTERWARDS, AND NOT LATER THAN MID-NIGHT 26 APRIL 1994, HEAVY WEAPONS WILL BE WITHDRAWN OUT OF A 20 KILOMETRE RADIUS OF THE CENTRE OF GORAZDE (BUT INSIDE THE TERRITORY OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA) AND OUT OF RANGE SO AS NOT TO CONSTITUTE A THREAT TO THE GORAZDE SAFE AREA, WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE PROCEDURES TO BE SUBSEQUENTLY AGREED IN ACCORDANCE WITH RESOLUTION 913, PARAGRAPH 3.

3. GUARANTEE OF SECURE CONDITIONS FOR IMMEDIATE MEDICAL EVACUATIONS FROM GORAZDE.

4. COMPLETE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR ALL PERSONNEL OF UNPROFOR AND HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS.

5. IMMEDIATE START OF NEGOTIATIONS IN GOOD FAITH ON ALL MILITARY MATTERS IN ORDER TO REDUCE TENSIONS, ACHIEVE DISENGAGEMENT, CREATE SECURE AND PEACEFUL CONDITIONS AND PROVIDE FOR HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR THE CIVILIAN POPULATION.

6. IT IS INTENDED THAT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ABOVE MEASURES WILL CONTRIBUTE TO INTENSIFYING EFFORTS TOWARDS ACHIEVING AN OVERALL POLITICAL SETTLEMENT AGREED BY ALL PARTIES.