• Country/entity

  Niger
  Air and Azawad
  

• Region

  Africa (excl MENA)
  Africa (excl MENA)
  

• Agreement name

  Accord de N'Djaména entre le Gouvernement de la République du Niger et le Front Démocratique pour le Renouveau (FDR)

• Date

  21 Aug 1998

• Agreement status

  Multiparty signed/agreed

• Interim arrangement

  Yes

• Agreement/conflict level

  Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Tuareg Wars (1962 - ) )

• Stage

  Framework/substantive - partial

• Conflict nature

  Government/territory

• Peace process

  Niger peace process

• Parties

  HAVE SIGNED
  For The Government of the Republic of Niger
  The High Commissioner for the Restoration of Peace Mr MOUSTAPHA TAHI
  
  For the Democratic Front for Renewal
  GOUKOUNI MAHAMAN ZENE

• Third parties

  HAVE SIGNED For the Government of the Republic of Chad The Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation MAHAMAT SALEH ANNADIF

• Description

  The agreement includes a ceasefire and the Government of Niger's commitment to address political and administrative issues, economic and social development, public affairs, military affairs and the refugee issue.

• Agreement document

  NE_980821_Accord de N'Djaema_EN.pdf | Download PDF

• Agreement document (original language)

  NE_980821_Accord de N'Djamea_FR.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

N’DJAEMA AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF NIGER AND THE DEMOCRATIC FRONT FOR RENEWAL (FDR)

The Government of the Republic of Niger and the Democratic Front for Renewal (Le Front Démocratique pour le Renouveau, FDR),

Convinced of the need to find and preserve peace in their country, wishing to consolidate national unity and to devote themselves to the tasks of economic and social development;

Reaffirming their adherence to the constitution of May 12, 1996,and respect for the institutions of the Republic;

Have agreed, under the auspices of the Government of the Republic of Chad, the following:

I. CEASEFIRE

A ceasefire between the Defence and Security Forces of the Republic of Niger and the FDR, by ending all hostile military activities by each party.

The ceasefire shall enter into force upon signature of the present agreement.

The entry into force of the ceasefire shall be followed by the release of all persons detained on both sides for acts of war.

II. POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES

The Government of the Republic of Niger shall take on board the concerns of the FDR concerning administrative decentralisation and on the question of national minorities.

III. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

The Government of Niger shall make all the necessary provisions to pursue and accelerate investment in the Kawar-Manga zone.

IV. PARTICIPATION IN AND MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS

The Government of the Republic of Niger shall take back into their respective services, civil servants and agents of the State who left these services for political reasons.

The Government of the Republic of Niger shall recruit new employees from the FDR according to their qualifications, and in terms of its agreements with its development partners.

The Government of the Republic of Niger shall enrol students and pupils in secondary schools, colleges, professional colleges, institutes and universities in order for them to complete their studies.

The President of the Republic shall select (FDR) members for appointments to State jobs.

V. MILITARY AFFAIRS

12

The issue of post-conflict management in Niger:

analysis of the policy of reinsertion of Tuareg ex-combatants

Aofit 2009

With the Government’s help, the FDR shall regroup the ex-combatants at Silla (Department of Diffa).

Identification, disarmament and triage shall take place at Diffa during a period not exceeding two months following signature of this agreement.

The elements of the Defence and Security Forces who joined the ranks of the FDR shall be reintegrated in their former units, and their individual positions shall be allocated in accordance with regulations determining the grades and functions of different military and paramilitary units.

Those ex-combatants who are retained after the triage shall be reintegrated in the Saharan Security Units and the paramilitary units.

The Government shall take all necessary measures to reinsert demobilised ex-combatants in working life.

VI. REFUGEES

The Government of the Republic of Niger shall organise the voluntary return of refugees by CONARAP with the support of the HCR, and ensure their reinsertion in economic life.

VII. SPECIFIC PROVISIONS

A general amnesty shall be proclaimed by the Government for persons involved in acts of war before the date of signature of the present agreement.

The Government of the Republic of Niger shall use emergency procedures to accelerate the conversion of FDR into a political party after its disarmament.

VIII.

FINAL PROVISIONS

The present agreement shall be produced in three original copies drafted in French and signed by each of the parties as well as the Mediator.

Done at N’Djaema, August 21, 1998 HAVE SIGNED

For The Government of the Republic of Niger

The High Commissioner for the Restoration of Peace Mr MOUSTAPHA TAHI

For the Democratic Front for Renewal

GOUKOUNI MAHAMAN ZENE

For the Government of the Republic of Chad

The Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation MAHAMAT SALEH ANNADIF