Shan State Progress Party (SSPP)/Shan State Army-North (SSAN), Government Preliminary Peace and 5-Point Peace Agreement

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Country/entity: Myanmar
Region: Asia and Pacific
Agreement name: Shan State Progress Party (SSPP)/Shan State Army-North (SSAN), Government Preliminary Peace and 5-Point Peace Agreement
Date: 28 Jan 2012
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Myanmar Conflict (1948 - )
Internal conflict, mostly along ethno-political fault lines, has been a constant feature of Myanmar since its independence in 1948. The conflict has two distinct dynamics. First a struggle between an authoritarian government and a pro-democracy opposition which has the characteristics of authoritarian conflicts; and second a stuggle between the government and ethnic armed groups which has the characteristics of an identity conflict. The two oldest and strongest militias fighting the government are the Karen National Union (KNU), which has remained active since the late 1940s, and the Kachin Independence Organisation, which was formed in the early 1960s. In total, here are more than a dozen mostly ethnic-based guerrilla groups active throughout the country. Especially in the period of junta dictatorship that lasted until 2011 the government attempted to crush the rebellions, which led to numerous human rights violations. With the start of democratic reforms in the aftermath of the 2010 elections, peace negotiations have taken place and resulted in the signing of various agreements, although conflicts remain active.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Myanmar ceasefires process with ethnic armed groups
Parties: Union level peace-making group comprised of group leader Taungtha Township Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Aung Thaung, deputy leader Myitkyina Township Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Thein Zaw and members Union Minister U Ohn Myint, Union Minister U Win Tun, Shan State Chief Minister U Sao Aung Myat, Kayan Township Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Maung Maung Thein, Commander of North-East Command Maj-Gen Aung Kyaw Zaw, Commander of Central East Command Maj-Gen Mya Tun Oo, Deputy Minister Maj-Gen Zaw Win, Deputy Minister U Soe Tint, Deputy Attorney-General U Tun Tun Oo, Lt-Col Zaw Naing Oo and Shan State Minister for Security and Border Affairs Col Aung Thu. Shan State Progressive Party (SSPP)/Shan State Army peace-making group comprised of group leader Party Central Committee Deputy Secretary General Sao Khay Tai and members Sao Khin Min, Sao Khun Hsai, Sao Khay Maung, Sao Kyaw Hla, Sao Htin Mein, Sao Laung Khay, Sao Naw Leik and Sao Hsay Pein Pha.
Before the Union level peace talk, state level initial peace talk was held. Leader of state level peace-making group Shan State Minster for Security and Border Affairs Col Aung Thu and members General Staff Officer (Grade I) of North-East Command, General Staff Officer (Grade I) of Central East Command, regional development supervisor of the Department for Progress of Border Areas and National Races, State Advocate General and leaders of state level peace-making group of SSPP/Shan State Army Sao Khun Hsai, Sao Khay Maung and Sao Kyaw Hla and members Sao Htin Mein and Sao Hsay Pein Pha made cordial discussions at the initial peace talk.
Third parties: -
Description: -

Agreement document: MM_120128_SSPP-SSA-N-Government.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: Page 2, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
Union level peace-making group leader U Aung Thaung and six members and Shan State Progressive Party/ Shan State Army peace-making group leader Sao Khay Tai and six members signed five agreements. The group leaders then exchanged notes. The five agreement points they signed are as follows:-
... (3) It is agreed that arrangements for improvement of the livelihood and social life of Shan State Progressive Party (SSPP) members and their families in line with the law and in cooperation with the government shall be made.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 2, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
Union level peace-making group leader U Aung Thaung and six members and Shan State Progressive Party/ Shan State Army peace-making group leader Sao Khay Tai and six members signed five agreements. The group leaders then exchanged notes. The five agreement points they signed are as follows:-
... (2) It is agreed that concerted efforts shall be made to ensure non-disintegration of the Union, nondisintegration of national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty at all times based on the Panglong spirit.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 2, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
... (5) It is agreed that Union level peace-making group and SSPP peace-making group will continue their talks for ensuring regional peace, stability and development, enabling the troops to earn their living and ensuring lasting peace in the region after meeting in the given place at the given time.

Page 2, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
Union level peace-making group leader U Aung Thaung and six members and Shan State Progressive Party/ Shan State Army peace-making group leader Sao Khay Tai and six members signed five agreements. The group leaders then exchanged notes. The five agreement points they signed are as follows:-
... (3) It is agreed that arrangements for improvement of the livelihood and social life of Shan State Progressive Party (SSPP) members and their families in line with the law and in cooperation with the government shall be made.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
(1) It is agreed to make ceasefire between the Tatmadaw and SSPP/Shan State Army.

Page 2, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
... (4) Apart from the mutually agreed areas, transgression and arms carrying will be allowed under negotiation between both sides.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 1, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
(1) It is agreed to make ceasefire between the Tatmadaw and SSPP/Shan State Army.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
(1) It is agreed to make ceasefire between the Tatmadaw and SSPP/Shan State Army.

Page 2, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
... (2) It is agreed that troops of SSPP/Shan State Army are allowed to base in Wanhai and then to base temporarily in their branches.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: Page 2, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
Union level peace-making group leader U Aung Thaung and six members and Shan State Progressive Party/ Shan State Army peace-making group leader Sao Khay Tai and six members signed five agreements. The group leaders then exchanged notes. The five agreement points they signed are as follows:-
... (4) It is agreed that cooperation with the Union government in a fight against narcotic drugs shall be made.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 2, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
... (5) It is agreed that Union level peace-making group and SSPP peace-making group will continue their talks for ensuring regional peace, stability and development, enabling the troops to earn their living and ensuring lasting peace in the region after meeting in the given place at the given time.

Page 2, The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:
Union level peace-making group leader U Aung Thaung and six members and Shan State Progressive Party/ Shan State Army peace-making group leader Sao Khay Tai and six members signed five agreements. The group leaders then exchanged notes. The five agreement points they signed are as follows:-
... (5) It is agreed that further discussions and negotiations to ensure eternal peace shall be held afterwards.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Available under SSPP section at: https://www.mmpeacemonitor.org/1499

SSPP/SSA-N Government Preliminary Peace and 5-point Peace Agreement

28 January 2012

With the aim of building regional peace, a talk was held between Union level peacemaking group and Shan State Progressive Party (SSPP)/ Shan State Army peace-making group in Taunggyi, Shan State (South).

Unofficial Translation

........................................................................................................................................

Union level peace-making group comprised of group leader Taungtha Township Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Aung Thaung, deputy leader Myitkyina Township Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Thein Zaw and members Union Minister U Ohn Myint, Union Minister U Win Tun, Shan State Chief Minister U Sao Aung Myat, Kayan Township Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Maung Maung Thein, Commander of North-East Command Maj-Gen Aung Kyaw Zaw, Commander of Central East Command Maj-Gen Mya Tun Oo, Deputy Minister Maj-Gen Zaw Win, Deputy Minister U Soe Tint, Deputy Attorney-General U Tun Tun Oo, Lt-Col Zaw Naing Oo and Shan State Minister for Security and Border Affairs Col Aung Thu.

Shan State Progressive Party (SSPP)/Shan State Army peace-making group comprised of group leader Party Central Committee Deputy Secretary General Sao Khay Tai and members Sao Khin Min, Sao Khun Hsai, Sao Khay Maung, Sao Kyaw Hla, Sao Htin Mein, Sao Laung Khay, Sao Naw Leik and Sao Hsay Pein Pha.

Before the Union level peace talk, state level initial peace talk was held.

Leader of state level peace-making group Shan State Minster for Security and Border Affairs Col Aung Thu and members General Staff Officer (Grade I) of North-East Command, General Staff Officer (Grade I) of Central East Command, regional development supervisor of the Department for Progress of Border Areas and National Races, State Advocate General and leaders of state level peace-making group of SSPP/Shan State Army Sao Khun Hsai, Sao Khay Maung and Sao Kyaw Hla and members Sao Htin Mein and Sao Hsay Pein Pha made cordial discussions at the initial peace talk.

They signed five-point preliminary agreement and exchanged notes.

The five-point preliminary agreement is as follows:

(1) It is agreed to make ceasefire between the Tatmadaw and SSPP/Shan State Army.

(2) It is agreed that troops of SSPP/Shan State Army are allowed to base in Wanhai and then to base temporarily in their branches.

(3) In order to hold mutual coordination and discussion liaison offices and stations will be established in Taunggyi, Lashio and Kholan with the people agreed, by both sides.

More offices will be opened in required places.

(4) Apart from the mutually agreed areas, transgression and arms carrying will be allowed under negotiation between both sides.

(5) It is agreed that Union level peace-making group and SSPP peace-making group will continue their talks for ensuring regional peace, stability and development, enabling the troops to earn their living and ensuring lasting peace in the region after meeting in the given place at the given time.

........................................................................................................................................

Union level peace-making group leader U Aung Thaung and six members and Shan State Progressive Party/ Shan State Army peace-making group leader Sao Khay Tai and six members signed five agreements.

The group leaders then exchanged notes.

The five agreement points they signed are as follows:-

(1) It is agreed that to build peace, the preliminary agreement signed between Shan State peace-making group and Shan State Progressive Party (SSPP) in Taunggyi on 28 January, 2012 shall be approved.

(2) It is agreed that concerted efforts shall be made to ensure non-disintegration of the Union, nondisintegration of national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty at all times based on the Panglong spirit.

(3) It is agreed that arrangements for improvement of the livelihood and social life of Shan State Progressive Party (SSPP) members and their families in line with the law and in cooperation with the government shall be made.

(4) It is agreed that cooperation with the Union government in a fight against narcotic drugs shall be made.

(5) It is agreed that further discussions and negotiations to ensure eternal peace shall be held afterwards.

After the meeting, group leader U Aung Thaung, deputy group leader U Thein Zaw and party presented 500 bags of rice, 50 solar lamps, 20 Sky Net TV receivers provided by the President to SSPP/Shan State Army peacemaking group leader Sao Khay Tai, Sao Khun Hsai and members.