Shan State Army-South (SSA-S), Government, UNOFC Tripartite agreement

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Country/entity: Myanmar
Region: Asia and Pacific
Agreement name: Shan State Army-South (SSA-S), Government, UNOFC Tripartite agreement
Date: 28 Oct 2012
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Myanmar Conflict (1948 - )
Internal conflict, mostly along ethno-political fault lines, has been a constant feature of Myanmar since its independence in 1948. The conflict has two distinct dynamics. First a struggle between an authoritarian government and a pro-democracy opposition which has the characteristics of authoritarian conflicts; and second a stuggle between the government and ethnic armed groups which has the characteristics of an identity conflict. The two oldest and strongest militias fighting the government are the Karen National Union (KNU), which has remained active since the late 1940s, and the Kachin Independence Organisation, which was formed in the early 1960s. In total, here are more than a dozen mostly ethnic-based guerrilla groups active throughout the country. Especially in the period of junta dictatorship that lasted until 2011 the government attempted to crush the rebellions, which led to numerous human rights violations. With the start of democratic reforms in the aftermath of the 2010 elections, peace negotiations have taken place and resulted in the signing of various agreements, although conflicts remain active.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Myanmar ceasefires process with ethnic armed groups
Parties: Shan State Army-South (SSA-S), the UN Office of Drugs and Crimes (UNODC), and the State Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control (CDAC)
Third parties: -
Description: A tripartite agreement between the Shan State Army-South (SSA-S), the UN Office of Drugs and Crimes (UNODC), and the State Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control (CDAC), providing for a pilot crop substitution project.

Agreement document: MM_121028_SSA-S-Government-UNOFC.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Other
Page 1, ... 7. RCSS will keep the local people as well as its members informed on protection against the dangers of drugs, reduction and total eradication of opium cultivation, cooperation in the control of drugs and implementation of the crop substitution project
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: Page 1, ... 5. UNODC will render technical assistance to the government-RCSS crop substitution project sites

Page 1, ... 6. UNODC will discuss with international donors for the provision of immediately needed funds for the project
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: Page 1, ... 8. For effective implementation CCDAC, Shan State Police Force and RCSS will each appoint contact persons and exchange information through email, telephone and other appropriate means
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: [Agreement targets the growing of poppies by local landowners.]

Page 1, ... 7. RCSS will keep the local people as well as its members informed on protection against the dangers of drugs, reduction and total eradication of opium cultivation, cooperation in the control of drugs and implementation of the crop substitution project
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: English copy of agreement not signed, but presented as being an agreement of the UN Office of Drug Crimes

Page 1, 1. Government, UNODC and RCSS will undertake survey in Mongnai and Mongpan townships
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Myanmar Peace Monitor; http://mmpeacemonitor.org/images/pdf/SSA-S-Government-UNOFC.pdf

SSA-S, Government, UNOFC Tripartite agreement

28 October 2012

Unofficial Translation

........................................................................................................................................

1. Government, UNODC and RCSS will undertake survey in Mongnai and Mongpan townships

2. Based on the data gathered, government, UNODC and RCSS will choose sites for crop substitution pilot project

3. Plans for the crop substitution pilot project will be jointly drawn up, explained and discussed with the people, and then implemented

4. The crop substitution pilot project at the chosen sites will be implemented by the government-UNODC-RCSS as soon as possible*

5. UNODC will render technical assistance to the government-RCSS crop substitution project sites

6. UNODC will discuss with international donors for the provision of immediately needed funds for the project

7. RCSS will keep the local people as well as its members informed on protection against the dangers of drugs, reduction and total eradication of opium cultivation, cooperation in the control of drugs and implementation of the crop substitution project

8. For effective implementation CCDAC, Shan State Police Force and RCSS will each appoint contact persons and exchange information through email, telephone and other appropriate means

9. Security issues in the joint CCDAC-UNODC and RCSS crop substitution project sites will be presented to the higher authorities**

UNODC = UN Office on Drugs and Crimes

CCDAC = Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control

RCSS = Restoration Council of Shan State

*The UNODC wants the project to be implemented by the end of 2012

*The RCSS has requested that its members are allowed to carry arms in the project

areas