Agreement Between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland State of Somalia
Export agreement coding (PDF)- Country/entitySomalia
Puntland - RegionAfrica (excl MENA)
Africa (excl MENA) - Agreement nameAgreement Between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland State of Somalia
- Date3 Apr 2016
- Agreement statusMultiparty signed/agreed
- Interim arrangementYes
- Agreement/conflict levelIntrastate/intrastate conflict ( )
- StageFramework/substantive - partial
- Conflict natureGovernment/territory
- Peace processSomalia-Puntland Peace Process
- PartiesFederal Government of Somalia led by His Excellency Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, the Prime Minister of the Federal Government of Somalia
- Third partiesThe Foreign Minister of Ethiopia and the Chairman of the IGAD Council of Ministers H.E. Tedros Adhanom, SRSG Michael Keating of the United Nations, African Union SRCC Francisco Madeira, EU Special Envoy Michele Cervone, Executive Secretary of IGAD, Ambassador Mahboub Moallim, IGAD Special Envoy Ambassador Mohamed Affey, with Ambassadors from Ethiopia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Sweden, Italy, and Djibouti also attended.
- Description-
Groups
- Children/youth
No specific mention.
- Disabled persons
No specific mention.
- Elderly/age
No specific mention.
- Migrant workers
No specific mention.
- Racial/ethnic/national groupGroups→Racial/ethnic/national group→SubstantivePage 2, 2016 Electoral Process
... The two parties agreed that the election shall take place in Garowe for the members of the federal parliament of the clans party to the formation of Puntland in 1998.
Page 2, Upper House
... The two parties agreed that the elections for the Upper House seats representing Puntland for the Federal Parliament shall take place in Garowe. The candidates will be drawn from clans party to the formation of Puntland in 1998. - Religious groups
No specific mention.
- Indigenous people
No specific mention.
- Other groups
No specific mention.
- Refugees/displaced persons
No specific mention.
- Social class
No specific mention.
Gender
- Women, girls and genderPage 1, 2016 Electoral Process
... The electoral college shall be selected by the traditional elders, who will then forward electoral college member’s names to the Electoral Committees. The electoral college shall reflect members of the community including women.
Page 2, 2016 Electoral Process
... Each seat for the lower house shall be contested by a number of candidates, as shall be agreed by the National Leadership Forum and shall include female candidates from the specific clan grouping. Further each candidate’s filing shall comply with requirements and vetting process of the Electoral Committees at the National and State levels.
Page 2, Upper House
...Each seat in the Upper House of the Federal Parliament shall be contested by an agreed number of candidates including females. - Men and boys
No specific mention.
- LGBTI
No specific mention.
- Family
No specific mention.
State definition
- Nature of state (general)Page 1, 2016 Electoral Process
...The Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland agreed upon the formation of inclusive 2016 Electoral Committees consisting of the Federal Government of Somalia and federal member states. - State configurationState configuration is Federal.
- Self determination
No specific mention.
- Referendum
No specific mention.
- State symbols
No specific mention.
- Independence/secession
No specific mention.
- Accession/unification
No specific mention.
- Border delimitation
No specific mention.
- Cross-border provision
No specific mention.
Governance
- Political institutions (new or reformed)Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General referencesPage 1, 2016 Electoral Process
...The Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland agreed upon the formation of inclusive 2016 Electoral Committees consisting of the Federal Government of Somalia and federal member states.
Page 1, 2016 Electoral Process
... The two parties agreed the selection process for members of the Federal Parliament shall take place at regional capitals of Federal Member States.
Page 2, Upper House
The formation of the Upper House of the Federal Parliament shall precede the formation of the Lower House of the Federal Parliament as already set out in the model proposed by the federal government.
Page 2, Upper House
… The two parties agreed that Puntland candidates for the Upper House of the National Federal Parliament representing Puntland will be proposed by the Executive branch of Puntland, using agreed criteria and appointed by the Puntland House of Representatives.
Page 2, Upper House
...Each seat in the Upper House of the Federal Parliament shall be contested by an agreed number of candidates including females.
Page 2, Upper House
... The president of Puntland shall duly sign the list of official members representing Puntland at the Upper House of the Federal Parliament after the Electoral Committee forwards the certified final result. - ElectionsPage 1, 2016 Electoral Process
...The Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland agreed upon the formation of inclusive 2016 Electoral Committees consisting of the Federal Government of Somalia and federal member states.
Page 1, 2016 Electoral Process
… The two parties agreed that the international community shall closely monitor the implementation of the 2016 electoral model and process to ensure fairness and transparency.
Page 1, 2016 Electoral Process
... The electoral college shall be selected by the traditional elders, who will then forward electoral college member’s names to the Electoral Committees. The electoral college shall reflect members of the community including women.
Page 2, 2016 Electoral Process
... Each seat for the lower house shall be contested by a number of candidates, as shall be agreed by the National Leadership Forum and shall include female candidates from the specific clan grouping. Further each candidate’s filing shall comply with requirements and vetting process of the Electoral Committees at the National and State levels.
Page 2, 2016 Electoral Process
... Each candidate for the lower house of the Federal Parliament shall meet constitutionally required criteria.
Page 2, 2016 Electoral Process
... The two parties agreed that the election shall take place in Garowe for the members of the federal parliament of the clans party to the formation of Puntland in 1998.
Page 2, 2016 Electoral Process
… Puntland is open to host elections in Garowe for any other constituencies unable to conduct elections due to existing circumstances within their jurisdiction.
Page 2, 2016 Electoral Process
...The president of Puntland shall duly sign the list of official members elected in Puntland at the lower house of the Federal Parliament after the Electoral Committees forward the certified final result
Page 2, Upper House
... The Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland agreed that the election of the members of the Upper House of the Federal Parliament shall take place in the capitals of Federal Member States.
Page 2, Upper House
... The two parties agreed that the elections for the Upper House seats representing Puntland for the Federal Parliament shall take place in Garowe. The candidates will be drawn from clans party to the formation of Puntland in 1998.
Page 2, Upper House
... The president of Puntland shall duly sign the list of official members representing Puntland at the Upper House of the Federal Parliament after the Electoral Committee forwards the certified final result.
Page 2, Upper House
... The Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland recommend that the National Leadership Forum decide the location of the elections of the President of the Federal Republic of Somalia and the Leadership of the Upper House and Lower House of the Parliament by choosing a safe and conducive location.
Page 3, 2020 RΟΑDΜΑΡ:
The two parties agreed that the 2020 federal elections shall be held according to one-person, one-vote principle. Under no circumstances shall the 4.5 clan based power sharing arrangement be used beyond the 2016 elections. - Electoral commissionPage 1, 2016 Electoral Process
... The electoral college shall be selected by the traditional elders, who will then forward electoral college member’s names to the Electoral Committees. The electoral college shall reflect members of the community including women.
Page 2, 2016 Electoral Process
... Each seat for the lower house shall be contested by a number of candidates, as shall be agreed by the National Leadership Forum and shall include female candidates from the specific clan grouping. Further each candidate’s filing shall comply with requirements and vetting process of the Electoral Committees at the National and State levels.
Page 2, 2016 Electoral Process
...The president of Puntland shall duly sign the list of official members elected in Puntland at the lower house of the Federal Parliament after the Electoral Committees forward the certified final result - Political parties reform
No specific mention.
- Civil society
No specific mention.
- Traditional/religious leaders2016 Electoral Process
... The electoral college shall be selected by the traditional elders, who will then forward electoral college member’s names to the Electoral Committees. The electoral college shall reflect members of the community including women. - Public administration
No specific mention.
- ConstitutionGovernance→Constitution→Constitution affirmation/renewalPage 1, The international community congratulates the people and Government of Puntland and lauds the recent victories of the Puntland security forces against Al-Shabab militants. The international community also calls upon all possible support for Puntland security forces in their fight against terrorism. The International Community recognizes the central role of the National Leadership Forum in ensuring that the national interest is protected and promoted, and the role of parliament in underpinning the rule of law and protecting the Constitution.
Page 2, 2016 Electoral Process
... Each candidate for the lower house of the Federal Parliament shall meet constitutionally required criteria.
Page 2, 2016 Electoral Process
... The two parties agreed that the election shall take place in Garowe for the members of the federal parliament of the clans party to the formation of Puntland in 1998.
Page 2, Upper House
... Each candidate for the Upper House of the Federal Parliament shall meet constitutionally required criteria.
Page 3, Implementation of the Agreement:
The international community takes note of the bi-lateral talks between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland in the areas such as the Constitutional Review process, Federation process, Development Aid, Security, etc. and encourages and supports the implementation of agreements in these areas, taking into account the national interest.
Power sharing
- Political power sharingPower sharing→Political power sharing→Proportionality in legislatureState levelPage 1, 2016 Electoral Process
The two parties agreed that the 4.5 clan model shall not be used as a criteria to select any member of the Federal Parliament and that its use shall cease with the elections of 2016.
Page 2, 2016 Electoral Process
... Each seat for the lower house shall be contested by a number of candidates, as shall be agreed by the National Leadership Forum and shall include female candidates from the specific clan grouping. Further each candidate’s filing shall comply with requirements and vetting process of the Electoral Committees at the National and State levels.
Page 3, 2020 RΟΑDΜΑΡ:
The two parties agreed that the 2020 federal elections shall be held according to one-person, one-vote principle. Under no circumstances shall the 4.5 clan based power sharing arrangement be used beyond the 2016 elections.Power sharing→Political power sharing→International involvementState levelPage 3, 2020 RΟΑDΜΑΡ:
… The International community shall undertake and guarantee that 4.5 model shall not be used beyond 2016. - Territorial power sharingPower sharing→Territorial power sharing→Federal or similar sub-divided governmentSummary: The State configuration is Federal.
Page 3, Implementation of the Agreement:
The international community takes note of the bi-lateral talks between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland in the areas such as the Constitutional Review process, Federation process, Development Aid, Security, etc. and encourages and supports the implementation of agreements in these areas, taking into account the national interest. - Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
- Military power sharing
No specific mention.
Human rights and equality
- Human rights/RoL general
No specific mention.
- Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
- Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
- Civil and political rights
No specific mention.
- Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.
Rights related issues
- Citizenship
No specific mention.
- Democracy
No specific mention.
- Detention procedures
No specific mention.
- Media and communication
No specific mention.
- Mobility/access
No specific mention.
- Protection measures
No specific mention.
- Other
No specific mention.
Rights institutions
- NHRI
No specific mention.
- Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.
Justice sector reform
- Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
- State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
- Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
- Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
- Traditional Laws
No specific mention.
Socio-economic reconstruction
- Development or socio-economic reconstructionSocio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic developmentPage 3, Implementation of the Agreement:
The international community takes note of the bi-lateral talks between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland in the areas such as the Constitutional Review process, Federation process, Development Aid, Security, etc. and encourages and supports the implementation of agreements in these areas, taking into account the national interest. - National economic plan
No specific mention.
- Natural resources
No specific mention.
- International funds
No specific mention.
- Business
No specific mention.
- Taxation
No specific mention.
- Banks
No specific mention.
Land, property and environment
- Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
- Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
- Cultural heritage
No specific mention.
- Environment
No specific mention.
- Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.
Security sector
- Security GuaranteesPage 1, The international community congratulates the people and Government of Puntland and lauds the recent victories of the Puntland security forces against Al-Shabab militants. The international community also calls upon all possible support for Puntland security forces in their fight against terrorism. The International Community recognizes the central role of the National Leadership Forum in ensuring that the national interest is protected and promoted, and the role of parliament in underpinning the rule of law and protecting the Constitution.
Page 3, Implementation of the Agreement:
The international community takes note of the bi-lateral talks between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland in the areas such as the Constitutional Review process, Federation process, Development Aid, Security, etc. and encourages and supports the implementation of agreements in these areas, taking into account the national interest. - Ceasefire
No specific mention.
- Police
No specific mention.
- Armed forces
No specific mention.
- DDR
No specific mention.
- Intelligence services
No specific mention.
- Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
No specific mention.
- Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
- Corruption2016 Electoral Process
… The two parties agreed that the international community shall closely monitor the implementation of the 2016 electoral model and process to ensure fairness and transparency. - Crime/organised crime
No specific mention.
- Drugs
No specific mention.
- TerrorismPage 1, The international community congratulates the people and Government of Puntland and lauds the recent victories of the Puntland security forces against Al-Shabab militants. The international community also calls upon all possible support for Puntland security forces in their fight against terrorism. The International Community recognizes the central role of the National Leadership Forum in ensuring that the national interest is protected and promoted, and the role of parliament in underpinning the rule of law and protecting the Constitution.
Transitional justice
- Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
- Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
- Courts
No specific mention.
- Mechanism
No specific mention.
- Prisoner release
No specific mention.
- Vetting
No specific mention.
- Victims
No specific mention.
- Missing persons
No specific mention.
- Reparations
No specific mention.
- Reconciliation
No specific mention.
Implementation
- UN signatoryPage 3, Implementation of the Agreement:
… The implementation of this agreement between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland is guaranteed byIntergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and witnessed by the United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), and European Union (EU). - Other international signatoryPage 3, Implementation of the Agreement:
… The implementation of this agreement between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland is guaranteed byIntergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and witnessed by the United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), and European Union (EU). - Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
- International mission/force/similar
No specific mention.
- Enforcement mechanismPage 3, Implementation of the Agreement:
… The implementation of this agreement between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland is guaranteed byIntergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and witnessed by the United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), and European Union (EU). - Related cases
No specific mention.
- SourceHorseed Media: https://horseedmedia.net/2016/04/04/agreement-between-the-federal-government-of-somalia-and-the-government-of-puntland-state-of-somalia/
Agreement Between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland State of Somalia
April 3, 2016
Preamble:
From 26 March to April 3, 2016 a delegation from the Federal Government of Somalia led by His Excellency Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, the Prime Minister of the Federal Government of Somalia, paid a working visit to Garowe to discuss the 2016 electoral process.
The Foreign Minister of Ethiopia and the Chairman of the IGAD Council of Ministers H.E. Tedros Adhanom, SRSG Michael Keating of the United Nations, African Union SRCC Francisco Madeira, EU Special Envoy Michele Cervone, Executive Secretary of IGAD, Ambassador Mahboub Moallim, IGAD Special Envoy Ambassador Mohamed Affey, with Ambassadors from Ethiopia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Sweden, Italy, and Djibouti also attended.
The international community congratulates the people and Government of Puntland and lauds the recent victories of the Puntland security forces against Al-Shabab militants.
The international community also calls upon all possible support for Puntland security forces in their fight against terrorism.
The International Community recognizes the central role of the National Leadership Forum in ensuring that the national interest is protected and promoted, and the role of parliament in underpinning the rule of law and protecting the Constitution.
Subsequent to detailed talks and negotiations the two parties agreed on the following:
2016 Electoral Process
The two parties agreed that the 4.5 clan model shall not be used as a criteria to select any member of the Federal Parliament and that its use shall cease with the elections of 2016.
The Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland agreed upon the formation of inclusive 2016 Electoral Committees consisting of the Federal Government of Somalia and federal member states.
The two parties agreed that the international community shall closely monitor the implementation of the 2016 electoral model and process to ensure fairness and transparency.
The two parties agreed the selection process for members of the Federal Parliament shall take place at regional capitals of Federal Member States.
The electoral college shall be selected by the traditional elders, who will then forward electoral college member’s names to the Electoral Committees.
The electoral college shall reflect members of the community including women.
Each seat for the lower house shall be contested by a number of candidates, as shall be agreed by the National Leadership Forum and shall include female candidates from the specific clan grouping.
Further each candidate’s filing shall comply with requirements and vetting process of the Electoral Committees at the National and State levels.
Each candidate for the lower house of the Federal Parliament shall meet constitutionally required criteria.
The two parties agreed that the election shall take place in Garowe for the members of the federal parliament of the clans party to the formation of Puntland in 1998.
Puntland is open to host elections in Garowe for any other constituencies unable to conduct elections due to existing circumstances within their jurisdiction.
The president of Puntland shall duly sign the list of official members elected in Puntland at the lower house of the Federal Parliament after the Electoral Committees forward the certified final result.
Upper House
The formation of the Upper House of the Federal Parliament shall precede the formation of the Lower House of the Federal Parliament as already set out in the model proposed by the federal government.
The two parties agreed that Puntland candidates for the Upper House of the National Federal Parliament representing Puntland will be proposed by the Executive branch of Puntland, using agreed criteria and appointed by the Puntland House of Representatives.
Each seat in the Upper House of the Federal Parliament shall be contested by an agreed number of candidates including females.
Each candidate for the Upper House of the Federal Parliament shall meet constitutionally required criteria.
The Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland agreed that the election of the members of the Upper House of the Federal Parliament shall take place in the capitals of Federal Member States.
The two parties agreed that the elections for the Upper House seats representing Puntland for the Federal Parliament shall take place in Garowe.
The candidates will be drawn from clans party to the formation of Puntland in 1998.
The president of Puntland shall duly sign the list of official members representing Puntland at the Upper House of the Federal Parliament after the Electoral Committee forwards the certified final result.
The Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland recommend that the National Leadership Forum decide the location of the elections of the President of the Federal Republic of Somalia and the Leadership of the Upper House and Lower House of the Parliament by choosing a safe and conducive location.
2020 RΟΑDΜΑΡ:
The two parties agreed that the 2020 federal elections shall be held according to one-person, one-vote principle.
Under no circumstances shall the 4.5 clan based power sharing arrangement be used beyond the 2016 elections.
The International community shall undertake and guarantee that 4.5 model shall not be used beyond 2016.
Implementation of the Agreement:
The international community takes note of the bi-lateral talks between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland in the areas such as the Constitutional Review process, Federation process, Development Aid, Security, etc.
and encourages and supports the implementation of agreements in these areas, taking into account the national interest.
The implementation of this agreement between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Government of Puntland is guaranteed byIntergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and witnessed by the United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), and European Union (EU).