Agreement of the Minister of Interior on Security Arrangements in Abyei

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Country/entity: South Sudan
Sudan
Southern Kordofan - Blue Nile - Abyei
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Agreement of the Minister of Interior on Security Arrangements in Abyei
Date: 17 Jan 2011
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Kordofan - Blue Nile - Abyei process
Parties: Engineer/ Lt. Gen. /
Ibrahim Mahamoud Hamid Ger Shuwang Along
Federal Minister of Interior GOSS Minister of Interiro (sic)

1 – The federal Minister of Interior
2 – GOSS Minister of Interior
3 – Governors of Southern Kordofan State, Unity State, Northern Bahr El-Gazal State, Abyei Administrator and Deputy Abyei Administrator.
4 – The Chair and Co-Chair of the Joint Defense Council
5 – Deputy General Manager of Police and Deputy General Manager of National Security and Intelligence.
6 – Representatives from SAF, Police and National Security
7 – With attendance of the SRSG, UNMIS Force Commander and their assistance.
Third parties: -
Description: Short agreement attempting to solve the Abyei problem, by allowing voluntary return of displaced people under the protection of Joint Integrated Units of north-south law enforcement, supervised by UNMIS, opening the stock corridors and regulating the carrying of arms among misseriya herdsmen.

Agreement document: SD_110117_Agreement of the Minister of the Interior on Security Arrangements in Abyei.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): SD_110117_Agreement of the Minister of the Interior on Security Arrangements in Abyei_AR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
Page 1, The meeting was held in Kadugli on Sunday 17th January 2011 and characterized by spirit of cooperation and productive discussion that ted the parties to agree on the following points:
(1) Opening of all roads to the voluntary returnees from the South under the escort and protection of federal SAF and Police up to the 01/01/1956 borders where SPLA and South Police will take over the responsibility of returnees protection.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, The meeting was held in Kadugli on Sunday 17th January 2011 and characterized by spirit of cooperation and productive discussion that ted the parties to agree on the following points:
... (2) Opening of stock corridors under the protection of SAF and Police up to 01/01/1956 borders and then the SPLA and South Police will take over the responsibility of the corridors protection in the South.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of groups
Page 1, The meeting was held in Kadugli on Sunday 17th January 2011 and characterized by spirit of cooperation and productive discussion that ted the parties to agree on the following points:
(1) Opening of all roads to the voluntary returnees from the South under the escort and protection of federal SAF and Police up to the 01/01/1956 borders where SPLA and South Police will take over the responsibility of returnees protection.
Rights related issues→Protection measures→Other
Page 1, The meeting was held in Kadugli on Sunday 17th January 2011 and characterized by spirit of cooperation and productive discussion that ted the parties to agree on the following points:
... (2) Opening of stock corridors under the protection of SAF and Police up to 01/01/1956 borders and then the SPLA and South Police will take over the responsibility of the corridors protection in the South.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, The meeting was held in Kadugli on Sunday 17th January 2011 and characterized by spirit of cooperation and productive discussion that ted the parties to agree on the following points:
... (6) Organization of arms carrying according to recommendations of the reconciliation agreement between the Misseriya and Dinka Nogk signed in Kadugli on 12/01/2011.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: Page 1, The meeting was held in Kadugli on Sunday 17th January 2011 and characterized by spirit of cooperation and productive discussion that ted the parties to agree on the following points:
(1) Opening of all roads to the voluntary returnees from the South under the escort and protection of federal SAF and Police up to the 01/01/1956 borders where SPLA and South Police will take over the responsibility of returnees protection.

Page 1, The meeting was held in Kadugli on Sunday 17th January 2011 and characterized by spirit of cooperation and productive discussion that ted the parties to agree on the following points:
... (3) The additional Police forces coming from the south and now deployed North Abyei should be assembled inside Abyei and replaced by two battalions from the Joint Integrated Units (JIUs).

Page 1, The meeting was held in Kadugli on Sunday 17th January 2011 and characterized by spirit of cooperation and productive discussion that ted the parties to agree on the following points:
... (5) A joint technical committee of high-ranked police officers from the North and the South is to be formed to review the police forces situation in Abyei and the committee should propose remedy recommendations to the concerned authorities (the two Ministers of Interior of the North and South).
Armed forces: Page 1, The meeting was held in Kadugli on Sunday 17th January 2011 and characterized by spirit of cooperation and productive discussion that ted the parties to agree on the following points:
(1) Opening of all roads to the voluntary returnees from the South under the escort and protection of federal SAF and Police up to the 01/01/1956 borders where SPLA and South Police will take over the responsibility of returnees protection.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, The meeting was held in Kadugli on Sunday 17th January 2011 and characterized by spirit of cooperation and productive discussion that ted the parties to agree on the following points:
... (4) UNMIS will take the supervision and monitoring of this agreement besides providing the logistical support for the implementation of the agreement.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Source: Sudan North-South Border Initiative, https://www.scribd.com/doc/50453430/Agreement-of-the-Minister-of-the-Interior-on-Security-Arrangements-in-Abeyi

Agreement of the Minister of the Interior on Security Arrangements in Abyei

17 January 2011

Based on the spirit and commitment of the CPA, other references of Abyei Area, including Abyei Protocol, the Road Map, the following Presidential decree no. (

121) for 2008 regarding the establishment of Abyei Administration, the Ministerial decree no. (

228) for 2008 regarding the establishment of Abyei Police and the decision of the Joint Defence Council in its meeting no. (

33) dated 30/11/2010 and based on the previous experiences in resolving Abyei issues, the following have met:

1 – The federal Minister of Interior

2 – GOSS Minister of Interior

3 – Governors of Southern Kordofan State, Unity State, Northern Bahr El-Gazal State, Abyei Administrator and Deputy Abyei Administrator.

4 – The Chair and Co-Chair of the Joint Defense Council

5 – Deputy General Manager of Police and Deputy General Manager of National Security and Intelligence.

6 – Representatives from SAF, Police and National Security

7 – With attendance of the SRSG, UNMIS Force Commander and their assistance.

The meeting was held in Kadugli on Sunday 17th January 2011 and characterized by spirit of cooperation and productive discussion that ted the parties to agree on the following points:

(1) Opening of all roads to the voluntary returnees from the South under the escort and protection of federal SAF and Police up to the 01/01/1956 borders where SPLA and South Police will take over the responsibility of returnees protection.

(2) Opening of stock corridors under the protection of SAF and Police up to 01/01/1956 borders and then the SPLA and South Police will take over the responsibility of the corridors protection in the South.

(3) The additional Police forces coming from the south and now deployed North Abyei should be assembled inside Abyei and replaced by two battalions from the Joint Integrated Units (JIUs).

(4) UNMIS will take the supervision and monitoring of this agreement besides providing the logistical support for the implementation of the agreement.

(5) A joint technical committee of high-ranked police officers from the North and the South is to be formed to review the police forces situation in Abyei and the committee should propose remedy recommendations to the concerned authorities (the two Ministers of Interior of the North and South).

(6) Organization of arms carrying according to recommendations of the reconciliation agreement between the Misseriya and Dinka Nogk signed in Kadugli on 12/01/2011.

(7) The meeting appealed to the President to enhance identification of immediate solution to Abyei problem.

Signed by:

Engineer/ Lt.

Gen. /

Ibrahim Mahamoud Hamid Ger Shuwang Along

Federal Minister of Interior GOSS Minister of Interiro (sic)