Toubacouta Communique

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Country/entity
Senegal
Casamance
Region
Africa (excl MENA)
Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name
Toubacouta Communique
Date
29 Mar 1991
Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement
Yes
Agreement/conflict level
Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Senegal-Casamance Conflict (1982 - ) )
Stage
Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature
Government/territory
Peace process
Casamance process
Parties
-
Third parties
-
Description
A short agreement in which the parties agree to open formal negotiations to end the conflict. Issues covered include prisoner release and the cessation of hostilities.

Agreement document
SE_910329_ToubacoutaCommunique_EN.pdf | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language)
SE_910329_ToubacoutaCommunique_FR.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth
No specific mention.
Disabled persons
No specific mention.
Elderly/age
No specific mention.
Migrant workers
No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group
No specific mention.
Religious groups
No specific mention.
Indigenous people
No specific mention.
Other groups
No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons
No specific mention.
Social class
No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender
No specific mention.
Men and boys
No specific mention.
LGBTI
No specific mention.
Family
No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general)
No specific mention.
State configuration
No specific mention.
Self determination
No specific mention.
Referendum
No specific mention.
State symbols
No specific mention.
Independence/secession
No specific mention.
Accession/unification
No specific mention.
Border delimitation
No specific mention.
Cross-border provision
No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
Elections
No specific mention.
Electoral commission
No specific mention.
Political parties reform
No specific mention.
Civil society
No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders
No specific mention.
Public administration
No specific mention.
Constitution
No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing
No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing
No specific mention.
Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
Military power sharing
No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general
No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
Civil and political rights
No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship
No specific mention.
Democracy
No specific mention.
Detention procedures
No specific mention.
Media and communication
No specific mention.
Mobility/access
No specific mention.
Protection measures
No specific mention.
Other
No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI
No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
Traditional Laws
No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction
No specific mention.
National economic plan
No specific mention.
Natural resources
No specific mention.
International funds
No specific mention.
Business
No specific mention.
Taxation
No specific mention.
Banks
No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
Cultural heritage
No specific mention.
Environment
No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees
No specific mention.
Ceasefire
Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1...The two delegations have reached the following conclusions:
1. The immediate cessation of all MFDC military activities
2. The return to their bases of the armed forces and the security forces
3. The release of all prisoners
4. The opening of negotiations between representatives of the President of the Republic and representatives of the MFDC
5. The MFDC delegation commit to suspend all reprisal measures against traitors, while also demanding an immediate stop to arrests (of their members)
Police
No specific mention.
Armed forces
Page 1, 2: The return to their bases of the armed forces and the security forces
DDR
No specific mention.
Intelligence services
No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
Page 1, 1: The immediate cessation of all MFDC military activities

Page 1, 5: The MFDC delegation commit to suspend all reprisal measures against traitors, while also demanding an immediate stop to arrests (of their members)
Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
Corruption
No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime
No specific mention.
Drugs
No specific mention.
Terrorism
No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
Courts
No specific mention.
Mechanism
No specific mention.
Prisoner release
Page 1...The two delegations have reached the following conclusions:
...
3. The release of all prisoners
Vetting
No specific mention.
Victims
No specific mention.
Missing persons
No specific mention.
Reparations
No specific mention.
Reconciliation
No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory
No specific mention.
Other international signatory
No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar
No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism
No specific mention.
Related cases
No specific mention.
Source
Jean Claude Marut (2010) Le Conflit de Casamance: ce que disent les armes, Paris: Editions Karthala

Toubacouta, 29 March 1991

‘Communique’

On this day, 29 March 1991, a meeting took place between a delegation of government representatives led by Marcel Bassène and comprising Laye Diop Diatta and Oumar Lamine Badji on the one hand, and a delegation from the MFDC, led by Sidy Badji and comprising Leopold Sagna, Maurice Diatta, and Laye Diedhiou on the other hand.

Considering the appeal launched by President Abdou Diouf at New Year,

Considering the severity of the situation in Casamance,

Considering the wish expressed by Abbot Augustin Diamacoune,

Considering the pointless suffering endured by the populations,

The two delegations have reached the following conclusions:

The immediate cessation of all MFDC military activities

The return to their bases of the armed forces and the security forces

The release of all prisoners

The opening of negotiations between representatives of the President of the Republic and representatives of the MFDC

The MFDC delegation commit to suspend all reprisal measures against traitors, while also demanding an immediate stop to arrests (of their members)

The government delegation appreciate the sense of responsibility shown by the MFDC delegation and commit to make the points of this agreement known to the President of the Republic.

Done at Tobacouta on 29 March 1991

For the MFDC:

For the Government:

Sidy Badji

Marcel Bassène

Leopold Sagna

Laye Diop Diatta

Maurice Diatta

O. L Badji