• Country/entity

  China
  Russia
  

• Region

  Asia and Pacific
  Europe and Eurasia
  

• Agreement name

  Agreement on the Western Section of the Boundary Between the PRC and the Russian Federation Signed by Foreign Ministers – Andrei Kozyrev and Qian Qichen

• Date

  3 Sep 1994

• Agreement status

  Multiparty signed/agreed

• Interim arrangement

  Yes

• Agreement/conflict level

  Interstate/interstate conflict ( Sino-Soviet Border Conflict (1969 - 1991) )

• Stage

  Framework/substantive - partial

• Conflict nature

  Territory

• Peace process

  China-Russia border dispute peace process

• Parties

  People’s Republic of China
  Plenipotentiary
  Qian Qichen
  
  Russian Federation
  Plenipotentiary
  Andrei Kozyrev

• Third parties

  -

• Description

  Border demarcation agreement building on the 1991 Sino-Russian Border agreement marking the boundary in the Western section.

• Agreement document

  CN_RU_940903_Agreement on the Western Section of the Boundary.pdf | Download PDF

• Agreement document (original language)

  CN_RU_940903_Agreement on the Western Section of the Boundary_CN.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Agreement on the Western Section of the Boundary between the PRC and the Russian Federation Signed by Foreign Ministers, 3 September 1994

The People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation, in order to clarify and confirm the direction of the Sino-Russian borderline, have reached the following agreement:

Article 1

The Contracting Parties agree to use the existing Sino-Russian border treaty as a basis and to act in accordance with international standards, based on the spirit of equal consultation, mutual understanding and mutual accommodation.

They agree to act according to the agreement reached during border negotiations, to equally and fairly resolve the historical issue of the Sino-Russian borderline, and to clarify and determine the direction of the boundary line between the two countries.

Article 2

The Contracting Parties agree that the western section of the boundary between China and Russia is as follows:

The first boundary point of the western section of the Sino-Russian border is located at the most western point of the boundary shared by China, Russia and Mongolia.

This boundary point is located at an altitude of 4104m on Khuiten peak in the Altai Mountains (4082.0 on Tavan-Bogdo-Ula in the Altai Mountain Range on the former Soviet Union map).

This point lies approximately 4.8km north northeast of Chinese territory which sits at an altitude of 3608m (3608.0 on the former Soviet Union map), and approximately 9.4km west southwest of Russian territory which sits at an altitude of 3513m (3511.5m on the former Soviet Union map).

From the first boundary point, the western section of the Sino-Russian border line follows along the dividing line of the Altai Mountains (Altai Mountain Range on the former Soviet Union map) generally west.

It passes through altitudes of 3129m (3131.1m on the former Soviet Union map), 3452m (3440.7m on Kanas Mountain on the former Soviet Union map), until it reaches the second boundary point.

This boundary point is located on the above mentioned dividing line.

It lies approximately 4.4km north northwest of Chinese territory which sits at an altitude of 3318m on Kaladier (3318.0m on the former Soviet Union map), approximately 9.6km northeast of Chinese territory which sits at an altitude of 2956m (2993.0m on the former Soviet Union map), and approximately 10.2km south of Russian territory which sits at an altitude of 2534m (2547m on the former Soviet Union map).

The above mentioned Sino-Russian border is marked with a red line onto a map of China and the former Soviet Union with a scale of 1:100,000.

The lengths used in the description of the national boundary line are measured from these maps.

The above-mentioned map with the red line to mark the Sino-Russian boundary is attached to this Agreement and is an integral part thereof.

Article 3

In order to define the Sino-Russian border which is described in article 2 of this agreement, the Contracting Parties decided, in accordance with the principal of equal treatment, to establish a joint boundary surveying committee.

They decided to give this committee the task of boundary surveying work, defining the exact location of the dividing line of the mountains, and establishing landmarks in accordance with article 4 of this agreement.

In addition, they gave this committee the task of drawing up boundary surveying documents, drawing detailed boundary surveying maps, and also resolving and completing the specific issues related to the above mentioned tasks.

Article 4

The Contracting Parties agree [that] the border line that is described in article 2 of this agreement follows along the dividing line.

The exact location of this dividing line shall be specifically defined at the time of boundary surveying.

Article 5

The Contracting Parties agree that the border between the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan will be determined by the three countries separately.

Article 6

The Contracting Parties agree that the Russian-Chinese boundary marked on the ground should also be divided vertically into the air and the subsoil.

Article 7

Any natural change that may occur in the field on the border shall not affect the location of the demarcated western section of the Sino-Russian boundary unless otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties.

Article 8

This agreement shall be subject to ratification and shall enter into force on the date of the exchange of the instruments of ratification.

The instruments of ratification shall be exchanged as soon as possible in Beijing.

This agreement was drawn up in Moscow on the 3rd September 1994.

Two identical copies were made in both Chinese and Russian, both copies being equally valid.

People’s Republic of China Russian Federation

Plenipotentiary Plenipotentiary

Qian Qichen Andrei Kozyrev

(Signed name) (Signed name)