Cairo Declaration on the Reunification of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM)

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Country/entity: South Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Cairo Declaration on the Reunification of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM)
Date: 16 Nov 2017
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Renewal
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: South Sudan post-secession process
Parties: GEN KUOL MANYANG JUUK
MR. PAGAN ANUM OKIECH
Third parties: REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ARAB
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA
REPUBLIC OF EGYPT
Description: The agreement discusses the implementation of the Arusha Agreement, which deals with the reunification of the SPLM.

Agreement document: SS_170727_CAIRO DECLARATION.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 1, III. After three days of discussions and deliberations, the delegates have acknowledged that the full implementation of the “Arusha Agreement” on SPLM Re-unification is of utmost importance and relevance for bringing about a speedy end to the crisis in the Republic of South Sudan and cannot be delayed any further. We therefore resolved to the following:
1. Take all possible measures needed to end war and to support peace in the Republic of South Sudan, in order to encourage the refugees and internally displaced citizens of our nation to return home in a suitable environment.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Page 2
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ARAB
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA
REPUBLIC OF EGYPT
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: On file with author. Also available at: Paanluelwel News (2017) Cairo Declaration: The Unification of the SPLM under Gov't and G-10 Factions, https://paanluelwel.com/2017/11/17/cairo-declaration-the-unification-of-the-splm-under-govt-and-g-10-factions/ (Accessed 31 January 2020).

CAIRO DECLARATION

ON THE REUNIFICATION OF

THE SUDAN PEOPLES LIBERATION MOVEMENT (SPLM)

NOVEMBER 16, 2017

I. We, members of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement- SPLM (In Government- Former Detainees) in Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt, from November 14-16th, 2017, to discuss and deliberate the implementation of SPLM Reunification Agreement and related matters.

II. The meeting was facilitated under the supervision of H.E. Abdul Fattah El-Sissi the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt and H.E. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni the President of the Republic of Uganda in furtherance of the initiative to re-unify the Movement.

III. After three days of discussions and deliberations, the delegates have acknowledged that the full implementation of the “Arusha Agreement” on SPLM Re-unification is of utmost importance and relevance for bringing about a speedy end to the crisis in the Republic of South Sudan and cannot be delayed any further.

We therefore resolved to the following:

Take all possible measures needed to end war and to support peace in the Republic of South Sudan, in order to encourage the refugees and internally displaced citizens of our nation to return home in a suitable environment.

Recommit ourselves to the immediate and full implementation of the “Arusha Agreement” on the Reunification of the SPLM.

Undertake confidence building measures.

Commit to H.E. President of the Republic of Uganda’s call to reconvene the meeting of the Technical Committee on November 27th, 2017 in Kampala, Uganda with the participation of representatives from the Government and the Arab Republic of Egypt.

Convene a larger meeting for the SPLM leadership to consider and adopt the outcomes and recommendations of the Technical Committee.

This meeting shall be held in Cairo or Kampala in accordance with the convenience of the Signatories.

Signatories

GEN KUOL MANYANG JUUK MR.

PAGAN ANUM OKIECH

Guarantors

REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ARAB REPRESENTATIVE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

REPUBLIC OF EGYPT

Done at

Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt

On November 16th, 2017