The University of EdinburghPeace Agreements DatabasePeaceRep

Accord de Cessez-le-Feu

  • Country/entity

    Cote d'Ivoire
  • Region

    Africa (excl MENA)
  • Agreement name

    Accord de Cessez-le-Feu
  • Date

    3 May 2003
  • Agreement status

    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement

    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level

    Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Ivorian Civil War (2002 - 2011) )
  • Stage

    Ceasefire/related
  • Conflict nature

    Government
  • Peace process

    Cote D'Ivoire: peace process
  • Parties

    For FANCI
    General Mathias Doué
    Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces

    For the new forces
    Colonel Michel Gueu
    Minister of Sport and Leisure
  • Third parties

    -
  • Description

    The national armed forces (FANCI) and the new forces (forces nouvelles) reaffirm commitments previously made: immediate and definitive end to hostilities, acceptance of deployment of impartial forces (Miceci, Licorne) within a designated zone, and to allow for the free movement of people, goods, humanitarian agents, economic operators and the redeployment of administration. The signing parties agree to not recruit or employ child soldiers, mercenaries and non-Ivoirians, not to infiltrate and attack military units or armed groups, not to threaten the territorial integrity and human dignity, not to pillage or traffic and not to incite hate, discrimination, division or violence.


Groups

  • Children/youth
    Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
    Page 1, Paragraph 5
    Undertake to refrain from the following activities which represent violations of the present agreement:
    - the recruitment and deployment of child soldiers, mercenaries or persons without Ivoirian nationality, outside the framework of the agreements regularly agreed by the Ivoirian State
  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons

    No specific mention.

  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender

    No specific mention.

  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)
    Page 2
    The signatory parties consider that the scrupulous respect of this agreement is an essential condition for the implementation of the peace process, which should lead to the rapid restoration of the authority of the State throughout the national territory, re-establishing the integrity of the national territory and to a return to normal life in Côte d’Ivoire.
  • State configuration
    Page 1, Paragraph 5
    Undertake to refrain from the following activities which represent violations of the present agreement:
    ...
    - attacks on the integrity of the national territory and on human dignity;

    Page 2
    The signatory parties consider that the scrupulous respect of this agreement is an essential condition for the implementation of the peace process, which should lead to the rapid restoration of the authority of the State throughout the national territory, re-establishing the integrity of the national territory and to a return to normal life in Côte d’Ivoire.
  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections

    No specific mention.

  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society
    Page 1, Paragraph 4
    Undertake to do everything necessary to enable the free circulation of persons, goods, commercial enterprises and humanitarian agencies, as well as the redeployment of the administration in the best conditions of general security conditions possible throughout the national territory;
  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.


Power sharing

  • Political power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general
    Page 1, UNTITLED PREAMBLE
    ...
    - Anxious to end the suffering of the Ivorian people and to prohibit any acts which contravene international humanitarian law.

    Page 1, Paragraph 5
    Undertake to refrain from the following activities which represent violations of the present agreement:
    ...
    - attacks on the integrity of the national territory and on human dignity;
    ...
    - any incitement to hatred, discrimination, division and violence.
  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.


Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication
    Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
    Page 1, Paragraph 5
    ...
    - any incitement to hatred, discrimination, division and violence.
  • Mobility/access
    Page 1, Paragraph 4
    Undertake to do everything necessary to enable the free circulation of persons, goods, commercial enterprises and humanitarian agencies, as well as the redeployment of the administration in the best conditions of general security conditions possible throughout the national territory;
  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other

    No specific mention.


Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction
    Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
    Page 1, UNTITLED PREAMBLE
    ...
    - Wishing to re-establish and secure the administrative and economic space in Côte d’Ivoire as soon as possible.
  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business
    Page 1, Paragraph 4
    Undertake to do everything necessary to enable the free circulation of persons, goods, commercial enterprises and humanitarian agencies, as well as the redeployment of the administration in the best conditions of general security conditions possible throughout the national territory;
  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees
    Page 1, Paragraph 4
    Undertake to do everything necessary to enable the free circulation of persons, goods, commercial enterprises and humanitarian agencies, as well as the redeployment of the administration in the best conditions of general security conditions possible throughout the national territory;
  • Ceasefire
    Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
    [The whole agreement provides for a ceasefire and all its modalities including the reaffirmation of existing commitments. The agreement is effective from Sunday May 4 2003 at 00:00 and is presumed to be permanent.]
  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces
    Page 1, Paragraph 5
    Undertake to refrain from the following activities which represent violations of the present agreement:
    ...
    - infiltration, circulation and attacks by military units and armed groups;
  • DDR

    No specific mention.

  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
    Page 1, Paragraph 5
    Undertake to refrain from the following activities which represent violations of the present agreement:
    ...
    - infiltration, circulation and attacks by military units and armed groups;
  • Withdrawal of foreign forces
    Page 1, Paragraph 5
    Undertake to refrain from the following activities which represent violations of the present agreement:
    - the recruitment and deployment of child soldiers, mercenaries or persons without Ivoirian nationality, outside the framework of the agreements regularly agreed by the Ivoirian State
  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime
    Page 1, Paragraph 5
    ...- acts of pillage and trafficking;
  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.


Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims

    No specific mention.

  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation
    Page 1, UNTITLED PREAMBLE
    ...
    - Conscious that the persistence of confrontations in Côte d’Ivoire represents a major obstacle to the process of peace and reconciliation.

Implementation

  • UN signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Other international signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar
    Page 1, Paragraph 3
    Accept the redeployment of the impartial forces (Miceci, Licorne) inside the zone of confidence determined by mutual agreement between the signatories;
  • Enforcement mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    Peace African Union, http://www.peaceau.org/uploads/ivoire-cease-fire-03-05-2003.pdf

Full text of the ceasefire agreement

In accordance with the provisions in the final communiqué of the Kara summit in Togo, organised on April 26, 2003.

Conscious that the persistence of confrontations in Côte d’Ivoire represents a major obstacle to the process of peace and reconciliation.

Anxious to end the suffering of the Ivorian people and to prohibit any acts which contravene international humanitarian law.

Wishing to re-establish and secure the administrative and economic space in Côte d’Ivoire as soon as possible.

The National Armed Forces of Côte d’Ivoire (Forces armées de Côte d'Ivoire, FANCI) and the new forces reaffirm their existing commitments:

Agree to an immediate and definitive end to hostilities throughout the national territory and in particular in the Ivorian Grand Ouest;

Undertake throughout the national territory to refrain from committing any hostile acts or undertaking any activities which may constitute a violation of the present agreement;

Accept the redeployment of the impartial forces (Miceci, Licorne) inside the zone of confidence determined by mutual agreement between the signatories;

Undertake to do everything necessary to enable the free circulation of persons, goods, commercial enterprises and humanitarian agencies, as well as the redeployment of the administration in the best conditions of general security conditions possible throughout the national territory;

Undertake to refrain from the following activities which represent violations of the present agreement:

the recruitment and deployment of child soldiers, mercenaries or persons without Ivoirian nationality, outside the framework of the agreements regularly agreed by the Ivoirian State;

infiltration, circulation and attacks by military units and armed groups;

attacks on the integrity of the national territory and on human dignity;

acts of pillage and trafficking;

any incitement to hatred, discrimination, division and violence.

The signatory parties consider that the scrupulous respect of this agreement is an essential condition for the implementation of the peace process, which should lead to the rapid restoration of the authority of the State throughout the national territory, re-establishing the integrity of the national territory and to a return to normal life in Côte d’Ivoire.

This agreement is effective from Sunday May 4, 2003, at 00.00 hours TU.

Done at Abidjan, May 3, 2003

For FANCI

General Mathias Doué

Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces

For the new forces

Colonel Michel Gueu

Minister of Sport and Leisure