The University of EdinburghPeace Agreements DatabasePeaceRep

Accra Acceptance and Accession Agreement

  • Country/entity

    Liberia
  • Region

    Africa (excl MENA)
  • Agreement name

    Accra Acceptance and Accession Agreement
  • Date

    21 Dec 1994
  • Agreement status

    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement

    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level

    Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Liberian Civil Wars (1989 - 1997) (1999 - 2005) )
  • Stage

    Implementation/renegotiation
  • Conflict nature

    Government
  • Peace process

    Liberia peace process
  • Parties

    ULIMO
    (Signed) Roosevelt JOHNSON
    Represented by and through its Chairman Major General Roosevelt JOHNSON

    Lofa Defense Force (LDF)
    (Signed) Francois MASSAQUOI
    Represented by and through its Leader, Francois MASSAQUOI

    Liberian Peace Council (LPC)
    (Signed) G. E. SAIGBE BOLEY, SR.
    Represented by and through its
    Chairman, Mr. G. E. SAIGBE BOLEY, SR.

    The Central Revolutionary Council (CRC-NPFL)
    (Signed) Jucontee Thomas WOEWIYU
    Represented by and through its
    Chairman, Jucontee Thomas WOEWIYU

    Liberia National Conference (LNC)
    (Signed) J. D. Bayogar JUNIUS
    Represented by and through its Chairman Counsellor J. D. Bayogar JUNIUS
  • Third parties

    Attested to: (Signed) Jerry John RAWLINGS H.E. Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings President of the Republic of Ghana and Current Chairman of ECOWAS
  • Description

    The non-signatories to the Akosomo Agreement agree to accept the terms of that Agreement as clarified by this acceptance and accessiion agreement.


Groups

  • Children/youth

    No specific mention.

  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons

    No specific mention.

  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender

    No specific mention.

  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)

    No specific mention.

  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections
    Page 1, Para 1: WHEREAS, an agreement, referred to as the "Akosombo agreement", was made and entered into on the twelfth day of September, by and between the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL); the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) and ULIMO, in an effort to establish a cease-fire, facilitate disarmament, encampment and demobilization, and pave the way for a free and fair election; and
  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.


Power sharing

  • Political power sharing
    Part II: Political Issues, Section A: (Executive) Reaffirms the procedure for the appointment of the relevant officials of Government as enshrined in the Akosombo agreement. The parties agree that a five-member Council of State shall be established, with equal representation (1 member each plus 1 traditional chief appointed by the NPFL and ULIMO).
  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general

    No specific mention.

  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.


Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication

    No specific mention.

  • Mobility/access

    No specific mention.

  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other

    No specific mention.


Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction

    No specific mention.

  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees

    No specific mention.

  • Ceasefire
    Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
    Page 1, Para 1: WHEREAS, an agreement, referred to as the "Akosombo agreement", was made and entered into on the twelfth day of September, by and between the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL); the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) and ULIMO, in an effort to establish a cease-fire, facilitate disarmament, encampment and demobilization, and pave the way for a free and fair election; and
  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces

    No specific mention.

  • DDR
    Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
    Page 1, Para 1: WHEREAS, an agreement, referred to as the "Akosombo agreement", was made and entered into on the twelfth day of September, by and between the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL); the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) and ULIMO, in an effort to establish a cease-fire, facilitate disarmament, encampment and demobilization, and pave the way for a free and fair election; and
  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble: This acceptance and accession undertaking made and entered into this twenty-first day of December AD 1994 by the Lofa Defense Force (LDF), represented by Mr. Francois Massaquoi; the Liberian Peace Council (LPC), represented by Mr. G. E. Saigbe Boley, Sr.; the Central Revolutionary Council (CRC-NPFL), represented by J. Thomas Woewiyu; the United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO), represented by Major General Roosevelt Johnson; the Liberia National Conference (LNC), represented by Counsellor J. D. Bayogar Junius, all of whom are hereinafter collectively referred to as the non-signatories to the Akosombo agreement, hereby:

    Page 1, Para 5: NOW, THEREFORE, the non-signatories to the Akosombo agreement, in consideration of their participation in the discussions on the clarification of the Akosombo agreement, and in further consideration of the political arrangements agreed upon and accepted by them, agree as follows, to wit:
    1. That the Lofa Defense Force (LDF), the Liberian Peace Council (LPC) and the Central Revolutionary Council (CRC-NPFL), in their individual capacities; the LNC, and ULIMO agree to accept and to accede to, and by this document hereby accept and accede to the Akosombo agreement and the agreement on clarification of the aforesaid Akosombo agreement.
    2. That the non-signatories commit themselves individually and collectively to the terms and conditions of the Akosombo agreement and the agreement on clarification of the said agreement, and undertake fully to implement and discharge all the tasks and the responsibilities, and to abide by all the terms and conditions as set forth and contained under the said Akosombo agreement, and the agreement on clarification of the said Akosombo agreement, as if they were signatories thereto and/or specifically named therein.
  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.


Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims

    No specific mention.

  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation

    No specific mention.


Implementation

  • UN signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Other international signatory
    Attested to:
    (Signed) Jerry John RAWLINGS
    H.E. Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings
    President of the Republic of Ghana
    and Current Chairman of ECOWAS
  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Enforcement mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    USIP: http://www.usip.org/publications/peace-agreements-digital-collection

Acceptance and Accession Agreement

This acceptance and accession undertaking made and entered into this twenty-first day of December AD 1994 by the Lofa Defense Force (LDF), represented by Mr. Francois Massaquoi;

the Liberian Peace Council (LPC), represented by Mr. G. E. Saigbe Boley, Sr.;

the Central Revolutionary Council (CRC-NPFL), represented by J. Thomas Woewiyu;

the United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO), represented by Major General Roosevelt Johnson;

the Liberia National Conference (LNC), represented by Counsellor J. D. Bayogar Junius, all of whom are hereinafter collectively referred to as the non-signatories to the Akosombo agreement, hereby:

WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS, an agreement, referred to as the "Akosombo agreement", was made and entered into on the twelfth day of September, by and between the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL);

the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) and ULIMO, in an effort to establish a cease-fire, facilitate disarmament, encampment and demobilization, and pave the way for a free and fair election;

and

WHEREAS, the non-signatories to the Akosombo agreement did not participate in the discussions leading to the Akosombo agreement;

and

WHEREAS, a need arose for further discussions between the signatories to the Akosombo agreement for clarification and expansion of the provisions therein with a view to facilitating the acceptance and the implementation of the agreement, in which said discussions the non-signatories fully participated;

and

WHEREAS, after intense discussions and negotiations between the parties to the Akosombo agreement and the non-signatories thereto, the non-signatories have agreed to accept the terms and conditions of the Akosombo agreement with the clarifications thereto as set forth and contained in the agreement on the clarification of the said Akosombo agreement;

NOW, THEREFORE, the non-signatories to the Akosombo agreement, in consideration of their participation in the discussions on the clarification of the Akosombo agreement, and in further consideration of the political arrangements agreed upon and accepted by them, agree as follows, to wit:

That the Lofa Defense Force (LDF), the Liberian Peace Council (LPC) and the Central Revolutionary Council (CRC-NPFL), in their individual capacities;

the LNC, and ULIMO agree to accept and to accede to, and by this document hereby accept and accede to the Akosombo agreement and the agreement on clarification of the aforesaid Akosombo agreement.

That the non-signatories commit themselves individually and collectively to the terms and conditions of the Akosombo agreement and the agreement on clarification of the said agreement, and undertake fully to implement and discharge all the tasks and the responsibilities, and to abide by all the terms and conditions as set forth and contained under the said Akosombo agreement, and the agreement on clarification of the said Akosombo agreement, as if they were signatories thereto and/or specifically named therein.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO have hereunto set their hands and affixed their signatures this twenty-first day of December AD 1994 in the City of Accra, Republic of Ghana:

ULIMO

(Signed)Roosevelt JOHNSON

Represented by and through its Chairman Major General Roosevelt JOHNSON

Lofa Defense Force (LDF)

(Signed) Francois MASSAQUOI

Represented by and through its Leader, Francois MASSAQUOI

Liberian Peace Council (LPC)

(Signed) G. E. SAIGBE BOLEY, SR.

Represented by and through its

Chairman, Mr. G. E. SAIGBE BOLEY, SR.

The Central Revolutionary Council (CRC-NPFL)

(Signed) Jucontee Thomas WOEWIYU

Represented by and through its

Chairman, Jucontee Thomas WOEWIYU

Liberia National Conference (LNC)

(Signed) J. D. Bayogar JUNIUS

Represented by and through its Chairman Counsellor J. D. Bayogar JUNIUS

Attested to:

(Signed) Jerry John RAWLINGS

H.E. Flt.

Lt.

Jerry John Rawlings

President of the Republic of Ghana

and Current Chairman of ECOWAS