Khartoum Declaration of Agreement between parties of the Conflict of South Sudan

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Country/entity: South Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Khartoum Declaration of Agreement between parties of the Conflict of South Sudan
Date: 27 Jun 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: South Sudan post-secession process
Parties: H.E. Salva Kiir Myardit
President of the Republic of South Sudan
Dr Rick Machar Teny
Chairman- SPLM/OP
Representative of South Sudan Opposition Alliance (SSOA)
Representative of Former Detainees (FD)
Representative of Other Political Parties (OPP)
Third parties: Guarantor
H.E. Omer Hassan Ahmed El-Bashir
President of the Republic of Sudan
Witnesses:
For IGAD Special Envoys
For the Troika
Description: An agreement providing for a ceasefire, and aiming to provide for a 'revised bridging proposal' to lead to a 'pre-transitional' period. The agreement also contains provisions relating to oil and elections, and elements of reconstruction.

Agreement document: SS_180627_Khartoum Declaration of Agreement between parties of the Conflict of South Sudan.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): SS_180627_Khartoum Declaration of Agreement between parties of the Conflict of South Sudan..pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: Pages 2-3,
3. An agreement on the “Revised Bridging Proposal” shall be concluded as soon as possible and before closing the current Khartoum Round of Talks. After concluding the agreement on the “Revised Bridging Proposal” a Pre-Transitional Period of 120 days shall commence to be followed by a Transitional Period of thirty six (36) months. Sharing of power during the Transitional Period shall be in accordance with the formula that shall be agreed in the “Revised Bridging Proposal”. During the Transitional Period the country shall be prepared for national elections that shall be conducted as agreed in the revitalized ARCSS. It is agreed that the election shall be open for all political parties and shall be free and fair.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: Power sharing→Political power sharing→General
State level
Pages 2-3,
3. An agreement on the “Revised Bridging Proposal” shall be concluded as soon as possible and before closing the current Khartoum Round of Talks. After concluding the agreement on the “Revised Bridging Proposal” a Pre-Transitional Period of 120 days shall commence to be followed by a Transitional Period of thirty six (36) months. Sharing of power during the Transitional Period shall be in accordance with the formula that shall be agreed in the “Revised Bridging Proposal”. During the Transitional Period the country shall be prepared for national elections that shall be conducted as agreed in the revitalized ARCSS. It is agreed that the election shall be open for all political parties and shall be free and fair.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Other
Page 3
5. The security of the oil fields in the Unity State (Blocks 1,2, and 4) and Tharjiath (Block 5A) is the responsibility of all South Sudan citizens.
If need be, the Government of South Sudan, while undertaking its security duties, shall work in this regard in collaboration and coordination with the Government of Sudan.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 3,
4. Efforts for improving the infrastructure and basic services in the Republic of South Sudan, particularly in the sectors most connected with the livelihood of citizens, shall be intensified. The parties appeal to the international community to help in this regard.

Page 3
5.. The Government of South Sudan is committed to use the petroleum proceeds to improve the livelihood of South Sudanese and to alleviate poverty and suffering.
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 2
1. A permanent ceasefire is hereby declared throughout the Republic of South Sudan and shall enter force into seventy two (72) hours of signing of this Declaration of Agreement. The permanent ceasefire shall be based on the Cessation of Hostilities (COH) Agreement signed on December 21, 2017.
Within seventy two (72) hours of signing this Declaration of Agreement the parties shall agree on all the forces in close proximity, withdrawal of allied troops, opening of humanitarian corridors, and release of prisoners of war and political detainees.
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
Page 3,
4. Efforts for improving the infrastructure and basic services in the Republic of South Sudan, particularly in the sectors most connected with the livelihood of citizens, shall be intensified. The parties appeal to the international community to help in this regard.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: Page 1, Preamble

Whereas the Ministers of Petroleum of the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan and their technical teams explored extensively all possible avenues of cooperation between the two sisterly countries for rehabilitating the petroleum sector of the Republic of South Sudan,

Page 3
5. The security of the oil fields in the Unity State (Blocks 1,2, and 4) and Tharjiath (Block 5A) is the responsibility of all South Sudan citizens.
If need be, the Government of South Sudan, while undertaking its security duties, shall work in this regard in collaboration and coordination with the Government of Sudan.
The Government of South Sudan in collaboration with the Government of Sudan shall immediately rehabilitate the oil fields identified above, and others as would be agreed upon, for the resumption and the restoration of the previous levels of oil production. All the outstanding issues related to the oil sector, particularly on the cost of oil field rehabilitation, shall be technically assessed and economically valued by the relevant authorities of South Sudan and Sudan respectively. Each party is entitled to seek the support of an impartial technical third party for independently verifying the assessments but without causing delay in the joint operations. Such data/information shall provide guidance for any political decision that may be undertaken by the leaders of the two sisterly countries. The Government of South Sudan is committed to use the petroleum proceeds to improve the livelihood of South Sudanese and to alleviate poverty and suffering.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: Page 1, Preamble
Whereas H.E. Omer El-Bashir is entrusted further to discuss measures to be taken to rehabilitate the economy of the Republic of South Sudan through bilateral cooperation with the Republic of Sudan,
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 2,

1. A permanent ceasefire is hereby declared throughout the Republic of South Sudan and shall enter force into seventy two (72) hours of signing
of this Declaration of Agreement. The permanent ceasefire shall be based on the Cessation of Hostilities (COH) Agreement signed on
December 21, 2017.

Within seventy two (72) hours of signing this Declaration of Agreement the parties shall agree on all the forces in close proximity, withdrawal of allied troops, opening of humanitarian
corridors, and release of prisoners of war and political detainees. All relevant provisions of the Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in
South Sudan (RCSS) shall apply unless it is agreed otherwise. The parties shall agree on self-monitoring mechanisms. Furthermore, IGAD and African Union member states are kindly invited to deploy the necessary forces to supervise the agreed permanent ceasefire.
Police: Page 2,
2. The security arrangements that shall be adopted shall aim at building national army, police and other security organs of an all-inclusive character that shall be free from tribalism and ethnic affiliations. Policies shall also be agreed upon for the disarmament of civilians all over country.
Armed forces: Page 2,
2. The security arrangements that shall be adopted shall aim at building national army, police and other security organs of an all-inclusive character that shall be free from tribalism and ethnic affiliations. Policies shall also be agreed upon for the disarmament of civilians all over country.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 2,
2. The security arrangements that shall be adopted shall aim at building national army, police and other security organs of an all-inclusive character that shall be free from tribalism and ethnic affiliations. Policies shall also be agreed upon for the disarmament of civilians all over country.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: Page 2,

1. A permanent ceasefire is hereby declared throughout the Republic of South Sudan and shall enter force into seventy two (72) hours of signin of this Declaration of Agreement. The permanent ceasefire shall be based on the Cessation of Hostilities (COH) Agreement signed onDecember 21, 2017.
Within seventy two (72) hours of signing this Declaration of Agreement the parties shall agree on all the forces in close proximity, withdrawal of allied troops, opening of humanitarian corridors, and release of prisoners of war and political detainees.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 2,

1. A permanent ceasefire is hereby declared throughout the Republic of South Sudan and shall enter force into seventy two (72) hours of signin of this Declaration of Agreement. The permanent ceasefire shall be based on the Cessation of Hostilities (COH) Agreement signed onDecember 21, 2017.
Within seventy two (72) hours of signing this Declaration of Agreement the parties shall agree on all the forces in close proximity, withdrawal of allied troops, opening of humanitarian corridors, and release of prisoners of war and political detainees.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2,

1. A permanent ceasefire is hereby declared throughout the Republic of South Sudan and shall enter force into seventy two (72) hours of signin of this Declaration of Agreement. The permanent ceasefire shall be based on the Cessation of Hostilities (COH) Agreement signed onDecember 21, 2017.
Within seventy two (72) hours of signing this Declaration of Agreement the parties shall agree on all the forces in close proximity, withdrawal of allied troops, opening of humanitarian corridors, and release of prisoners of war and political detainees. All relevant provisions of the Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (RCSS) shall apply unless it is agreed otherwise. The parties shall agree on self-monitoring mechanisms. Furthermore, IGAD and African Union member states are kindly invited to deploy the necessary forces to supervise the agreed permanent ceasefire.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Available at:https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Khartoum%20Declaration.pdf

Khartoum Declaration of Agreement Between Parties of the Conflict of South Sudan

Whereas H.E. Omar Hassan Ahmed El-Bashir, President of the Republic of Sudan was entrusted by the 32nd Extra-Ordinary Summit of IGAS on South Sudan, convened in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on 21st June 2018, to facilitate a second round of face-to-face discussion between H.E. Salva Kiir Miyardit and Dr Riek Machar Teny to resolve the outstanding issues on governance and security arrangements,

Whereas H.E. Omer El-Bashir is entrusted further to discuss measures to be taken to rehabilitate the economy of the Republic of South Sudan through bilateral cooperation with the Republic of Sudan,

Whereas H.E. Omer El-Bashir facilitated direct meetings between H.E. Salva Kiir Miyardit and Dr Riek Machar Teny from 25th to 26th June 2018, the first of which was graciously attended by H.E. Yoweri Museveni, the President of Uganda,

Whereas H.E. Omer El-Bashir also convened on 26th June 2018 a session of talks with other political parties of the Republic of South Sudan which discussed the same issues

Whereas the Ministers of Petroleum of the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan and their technical teams explored extensively all possible avenues of cooperation between the two sisterly countries for rehabilitating the petroleum sector of the Republic of South Sudan,

Whereas H.E. Salva Kiir Miyardit, Dr Riek Machar Teny and all other leaders of the South Sudanese fully cognizant of their historical responsibility at this crucial juncture of their country and determined to work together hand in hand for the sake of the South Sudanese people,

H.E. Salva Kiir Miyardit, Dr Riak Machar Teny and other signatories approved the following Declaration of Agreement:

1. A permanent ceasefire is hereby declared throughout the Republic of South Sudan and shall enter force into seventy two (72) hours of signing of this Declaration of Agreement.

The permanent ceasefire shall be based on the Cessation of Hostilities (COH) Agreement signed on December 21, 2017.

Within seventy two (72) hours of signing this Declaration of Agreement the parties shall agree on all the forces in close proximity, withdrawal of allied troops, opening of humanitarian corridors, and release of prisoners of war and political detainees.

All relevant provisions of the Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (RCSS) shall apply unless it is agreed otherwise.

The parties shall agree on self-monitoring mechanisms.

Furthermore, IGAD and African Union member states are kindly invited to deploy the necessary forces to supervise the agreed permanent ceasefire.

2. The security arrangements that shall be adopted shall aim at building national army, police and other security organs of an all-inclusive character that shall be free from tribalism and ethnic affiliations.

Policies shall also be agreed upon for the disarmament of civilians all over country.

3. An agreement on the “Revised Bridging Proposal” shall be concluded as soon as possible and before closing the current Khartoum Round of Talks.

After concluding the agreement on the “Revised Bridging Proposal” a Pre-Transitional Period of 120 days shall commence to be followed by a Transitional Period of thirty six (36) months.

Sharing of power during the Transitional Period shall be in accordance with the formula that shall be agreed in the “Revised Bridging Proposal”.

During the Transitional Period the country shall be prepared for national elections that shall be conducted as agreed in the revitalized

ARCSS.

It is agreed that the election shall be open for all political parties and shall be free and fair.

4. Efforts for improving the infrastructure and basic services in the Republic of South Sudan, particularly in the sectors most connected with the livelihood of citizens, shall be intensified.

The parties appeal to the international community to help in this regard.

5. The security of the oil fields in the Unity State (Blocks 1,2, and 4) and Tharjiath (Block 5A) is the responsibility of all South Sudan citizens.

If need be, the Government of South Sudan, while undertaking its security duties, shall work in this regard in collaboration and coordination with the Government of Sudan.

The Government of South Sudan in collaboration with the Government of Sudan shall immediately rehabilitate the oil fields identified above, and others as would be agreed upon, for the resumption and the restoration of the previous levels of oil production.

All the outstanding issues related to the oil sector, particularly on the cost of oil field rehabilitation, shall be technically assessed and economically valued by the relevant authorities of South Sudan and Sudan respectively.

Each party is entitled to seek the support of an impartial technical third party for independently verifying the assessments but without causing delay in the joint operations.

Such data/information shall provide guidance for any political decision that may be undertaken by the leaders of the two sisterly countries.

The Government of South Sudan is committed to use the petroleum proceeds to improve the livelihood of South Sudanese and to alleviate poverty and suffering.

Done in the Republican Palace, Khartoum, the Republic of Sudan, on this Day 27th of June 2018,

H.E. Salva Kiir Myardit

President of the Republic of South Sudan

Dr Rick Machar Teny

Chairman- SPLM/OP

Representative of South Sudan Opposition Alliance (SSOA)

Representative of Former Detainees (FD)

Representative of Other Political Parties (OPP)

Guarantor

H.E. Omer Hassan Ahmed El-Bashir

President of the Republic of Sudan

Witnesses:

For IGAD Special Envoys

For the Troika