Agreement for Peaceful Coexistence [between Tebu and Awlad Sulayman in Sabha]

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Country/entity: Libya
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Agreement name: Agreement for Peaceful Coexistence [between Tebu and Awlad Sulayman in Sabha]
Date: 13 May 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Libyan Conflicts (1969 - 1994) (2011 - )
Agreements relate to two distinct conflict dyads.
Libya-Chad. Since the 1970s, Libya under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi had a tense relationship with its neighbour Chad, predominantly focused on the resource-rich Aouzou Strip in northern Chad. Libyan claims of the Aouzou Strip were held in an un-ratified treaty between France and Italy in 1935, similarly Chadian claims of the Strip were argued with support of a 1955 treaty between Libya and France. In 1973, Libya effectively annexed the Strip to gain access to natural resources. This spurred cross-border clashes between 1979 until 1987 until escalated to a brief war known as the Toyota War, wherein Chadian government troops succeeded in repelling Libyan forces. A brief and repeatedly violated ceasefire was held from 1987-88, followed by a series of unsuccessful negotiations, until an International Court of Justice ruling in 1994, which granted sovereignty of the Strip to Chad.

Libya post-Gaddafi. Gaddafi’s downfall following the Libyan Civil War in 2011-2012, led to several factions fighting for the country’s leadership. Since 2013, the country effectively split into three entities, with the National Army controlling the east including the city of Benghazi, and the New General National Congress and their militias such as the Golden Dawn controlling the northwest including the capital of Tripoli. Significant portions of the country in the south-west are currently held by Tuareg forces. The civil war and chaos continued into 2014 as the General National Congress refused to disband after the expiry of its mandate, resulting in eruption of mass protests. The UN efforts continue to broker peace between the Libyan Army and the Libya Dawn factions, and a partial ceasefire was declared in January 2015. A new interim-government (Tunisia-based) called ‘Government of National Accord’ is formed with the backing of UN despite the refusal of the other forces to recognise its authority and arrived to Tripoli with the UN in 2016. A state of emergency was declared by the UN backed government amid clashed between rival militia in Tripoli’s southern suburbs. Since April 2019 there has been sustained fighting between the Libyan National Army and the UN-backed government in Tripoli as the Libyan National Army aims to seize Tripoli.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Libyan local processes
Parties: From the Tebu
1) Al Hajj Muhammad Sidi Lazlah [Signed]
2) Al Hajj Ali Sidi Kasrah [Signed]
3) Shuha Adam Shika [Signed]
4) Saleh Lamda Musa [Signed]

From the Awlad Sulayman
1) Muhammad Ali Ibrahim [Signed]
2) Omar Ahmad Muhammad [Signed]
3) Milyur Masoud Khalifah [Signed]
4) Mabrook Abdullah Masoud [Signed]
Third parties: Certified by Local Affairs in the Hajarah Area
[Seal of the Council of Dignitaries of the Hajarah Area]
[Seal of Mukhtar Mahsanah Hajarah, Ministry of Local Administration]
Description: Short agreement providing for a cessation of hostilities on individuals, homes, or property; that transgressors are not protected socially and are individually responsible for their actions; forming a committee to monitor implementation.

Agreement document: LY_180513_Tebu Awlad Sulayman Agreement in Sabha_EN.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): LY_180513_Tebu Awlad Sulayman Agreement in Sabha_AR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: Page 1, - No cover-up or protection of any individual who commits an immoral or illegal act or violates the customs, traditions, or public morals

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, No attacks on individuals, no violation of the sanctity of homes, and no attacks on personal property

Page 1, - No cover-up or protection of any individual who commits an immoral or illegal act or violates the customs, traditions, or public morals
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, No attacks on individuals, no violation of the sanctity of homes, and no attacks on personal property
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: Transitional justice→Amnesty/pardon→Amnesty prohibition
Page 1, No cover-up or protection of any individual who commits an immoral or illegal act or violates the customs, traditions, or public morals

Page 1, Any person who carries out an attack from either side is solely responsible for their actions

Page 1, Criminals belong to no tribe, so they must be treated based on their crimes, not affiliations, and tribal problems must not be brought into our residential areas
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, - Mutual respect between the two groups

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1, Forming a committee, made up of members from both sides, to monitor the implementation of this agreement

Page 1, - The agreement is open to all of the components of the area of Hajarah that want to join it
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Sabha Awlad Sulayman Facebook page, 19 May 2018, https://ar- ar.facebook.com/awlad.suleiman.sabha/posts/1028938173921095

In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

“O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another.

Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you.”

Agreement for Peaceful Coexistence

Based on what Allah said in his holy book in the verse above, and to achieve social peace,

From among the good people of the area of Hajarah, from both the Tebu and Awlad Sulayman, members of the two groups have called for an agreement of peaceful coexistence and good-neighborliness to be signed between these two groups, as follows:

- Mutual respect between the two groups

- No attacks on individuals, no violation of the sanctity of homes, and no attacks on personal property

- No cover-up or protection of any individual who commits an immoral or illegal act or violates the customs, traditions, or public morals

- Any person who carries out an attack from either side is solely responsible for their actions

- Criminals belong to no tribe, so they must be treated based on their crimes, not affiliations, and tribal problems must not be brought into our residential areas

- Forming a committee, made up of members from both sides, to monitor the implementation of this agreement

- The agreement is open to all of the components of the area of Hajarah that want to join it

Signed,

From the Tebu

Name Signature

1) Al Hajj Muhammad Sidi Lazlah [Signed]

2) Al Hajj Ali Sidi Kasrah [Signed]

3) Shuha Adam Shika [Signed]

4) Saleh Lamda Musa [Signed]

From the Awlad Sulayman

Name Signature

1) Muhammad Ali Ibrahim [Signed]

2) Omar Ahmad Muhammad [Signed]

3) Milyur Masoud Khalifah [Signed]

4) Mabrook Abdullah Masoud [Signed]

Written in Hajarah in Sabha

On Wednesday, / /

Certified by Local Affairs in the Hajarah Area

[Signed, 13/5/2018]

[Seal of the Council of Dignitaries of the Hajarah Area]

[Seal of Mukhtar Mahsanah Hajarah, Ministry of Local Administration]