Pledge and Reconciliation Charter Between the Cities of Misrata and Zintan

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Country/entity: Libya
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Agreement name: Pledge and Reconciliation Charter Between the Cities of Misrata and Zintan
Date: 26 Apr 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Libyan Conflicts (1969 - 1994) (2011 - )
Agreements relate to two distinct conflict dyads.
Libya-Chad. Since the 1970s, Libya under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi had a tense relationship with its neighbour Chad, predominantly focused on the resource-rich Aouzou Strip in northern Chad. Libyan claims of the Aouzou Strip were held in an un-ratified treaty between France and Italy in 1935, similarly Chadian claims of the Strip were argued with support of a 1955 treaty between Libya and France. In 1973, Libya effectively annexed the Strip to gain access to natural resources. This spurred cross-border clashes between 1979 until 1987 until escalated to a brief war known as the Toyota War, wherein Chadian government troops succeeded in repelling Libyan forces. A brief and repeatedly violated ceasefire was held from 1987-88, followed by a series of unsuccessful negotiations, until an International Court of Justice ruling in 1994, which granted sovereignty of the Strip to Chad.

Libya post-Gaddafi. Gaddafi’s downfall following the Libyan Civil War in 2011-2012, led to several factions fighting for the country’s leadership. Since 2013, the country effectively split into three entities, with the National Army controlling the east including the city of Benghazi, and the New General National Congress and their militias such as the Golden Dawn controlling the northwest including the capital of Tripoli. Significant portions of the country in the south-west are currently held by Tuareg forces. The civil war and chaos continued into 2014 as the General National Congress refused to disband after the expiry of its mandate, resulting in eruption of mass protests. The UN efforts continue to broker peace between the Libyan Army and the Libya Dawn factions, and a partial ceasefire was declared in January 2015. A new interim-government (Tunisia-based) called ‘Government of National Accord’ is formed with the backing of UN despite the refusal of the other forces to recognise its authority and arrived to Tripoli with the UN in 2016. A state of emergency was declared by the UN backed government amid clashed between rival militia in Tripoli’s southern suburbs. Since April 2019 there has been sustained fighting between the Libyan National Army and the UN-backed government in Tripoli as the Libyan National Army aims to seize Tripoli.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Libyan local processes
Parties: Mustafa Muhammad Karwad, Misrata [signed]
Salem Al Mabrook Salamah, Zintan [signed]
Ibrahim Omar Bin Rajab, Misrata [signed]
Mustafa Al Barouni, Zintan [signed]
Mukhtar Ahmad Badi, Misrata [signed]
Omar Ghaith Qarambal, Zintan [signed]
Ahmad Muhammad Al Dharat, Misrata [signed]
Muftah Mansour Ali, Zintan [signed]
Muhammad Ibrahim Al Rajoubi, Misrata [signed]
Abdullah Ahmad, Zintan [signed]
Ramadan Muhammad Maetiq, Misrata [signed]
Al Bashir Masoud Al Thuailib, Zintan [signed]
Muhammad Ibrahim Al Nuairi, Misrata [signed]
Khalifah A Shuaib, Zintan [signed]
Ali Nuradin Kambah, Misrata [signed]
Shaaban Al Amyani Al Marhalni, Zintan [not signed]
Jibril Abdulkareem Al Raidh, Misrata [signed]
Al Mahdi Masoud Abdullah, Zintan [signed]
Miftah Muhammad Al Darwish, Misrata [signed]
Abdullah Saleh Al Bulai’izi, Zintan [signed]
Mustafa Muhammad Warith, Misrata [signed]
Mustafa Ahmad Al Turki, Zintan [signed]
Saleh Ali Ismio, Misrata [signed]
Omar Muhammad Mulaiqitah, Zintan, [not signed]
Faraj Ali Abu Sha’alah, Misrata, [signed]
Muhammad Ali Al Nimr, Zintan [not signed]
Al Hussein Omar bin Hamidah, Misrata [signed]
Mukhtar Dhaw Al Akhdhar, Zintan [not signed]
Muhammad Abdulsalam Al Shah, Misrata [not signed]
Abdulsalam Abu Sitah, Zintan [signed]
Third parties: -
Description: 18 point agreement between the towns of Zintan and Misrata ending over 4 years of conflict. The Agreement provides for the unity of Libya; equality in citizenship; an end to clashes; mutual respect; and end to media hostilities; respect for property, freedom of movement and the facilitation of trade; begin exchange of knowledge between public servants; ending the political crisis.

Agreement document: LY_180426_Pledge and Reconciliation Charter between the Cities of Misrata and Zintan_EN.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): LY_180426_Pledge and Reconciliation Charter between the Cities of Misrata and Zintan_AR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 1, 2. Confirming the unity of Libya and rejecting any calls for division, or threats of it, of the country
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: Page 2, 14. Starting an exchange of knowledge and expertise between the public institutions in the two cities in the field of building and construction, facilitating the work of the public and private companies of each city inside the other city, and investing natural resources in accordance with the law, all through coordination between the two sides through the joint committee
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 1, 4. Confirming the principle of citizenship and equality for all Libyans, confirming their civil and political rights and the right to equal opportunity, and rejecting all discrimination
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Equality
Page 1, 4. Confirming the principle of citizenship and equality for all Libyans, confirming their civil and political rights and the right to equal opportunity, and rejecting all discrimination
Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Freedom of movement
Page 2, 12. Respecting the freedom of movement and trade, as well as the people of each city
facilitating these freedoms for each other
Socio-economic rights: Human rights and equality→Socio-economic rights→Property
Page 2, 11. Respecting the property of the people of either city, whether inside each city or outside it

Rights related issues

Citizenship: Rights related issues→Citizenship→Citizen, general
Page 1, 4. Confirming the principle of citizenship and equality for all Libyans, confirming their civil and political rights and the right to equal opportunity, and rejecting all discrimination
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
Page 2, 10. Adhering to the importance of instilling a spirit of cooperation and harmony among the people of the two cities through the media in the two cities and other means of spreading culture, like sermons and seminars, in each city
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: Page 2, 14. Starting an exchange of knowledge and expertise between the public institutions in the two cities in the field of building and construction, facilitating the work of the public and private companies of each city inside the other city, and investing natural resources in accordance with the law, all through coordination between the two sides through the joint committee
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: Page 2, 13. Facilitating commercial and industrial trade, and all economic activities, between the two
cities
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, 5. Confirming the sanctity of Libyan blood and prohibiting any armed clashes, or threats of it, between the two cities, calling for a resort to dialogue to manage any conflict, and rejecting the threat of violence between the people of the two cities
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: Page 1, 8. Working together to solve any disputes, conflicts, or killings between Libyans, instilling a comprehensive national reconciliation, and forming a joint committee to solve any outstanding disputes.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, 3. Committing to the principles of the 17 February Revolution as the foundation for any work, reconciliation, or agreement between the two cities and any other city

Page 1, 7. Mutual respect from the people of the two cities to all of the social components in the two cities, and each city respecting the specificities of the other

Page 2, 15. Coordinating, consulting, and bringing opinions closer in order to serve the interests of the country

Page 2, 16. Working together to solve the current political crisis and end the suffering of Libyans

Page 2, 18. We call upon all Libyans to support this agreement and work to make the efforts of
comprehensive reconciliation successful all over the country.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Misrata Channel on Facebook post dated 27 April 2018, https://www.facebook.com/misuratachannel17/posts/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A9-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1/1810871902331809/

In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Pledge and Reconciliation Charter

Between the Cities of Misrata and Zintan

Out of belief in Allah’s saying:

“And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided.

And remember the favor of Allah upon you - when you were enemies and He brought your hearts together and you became, by His favor, brothers.”,

Guided by His saying that:

“And obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not dispute and [thus] lose courage and [then] your strength would depart;

and be patient.

Indeed, Allah is with the patient.”,

In compliance with His saying that:

“And cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression.”,

Out of a feeling among the people of the two cities that this is their holy duty to build a state and strive to bring everyone together to build a brighter future for the coming generations, a future of well-being, peace of mind, justice, and rule of law,

And because for there to be any unified efforts to build a state on a strong foundation, the environment must be ready, a solid foundation must be built, and there must be a climate of appreciation and respect,

It was determined, if Allah so wills it, to complete this Charter so that it can be a charter of pledge and reconciliation between the two cities of Zintan and Misrata, and so that it can be the reference governing the relationship between the two cities, after the book of Allah and the sayings of his Prophet, in all affairs concerning the two cities, as follows:

1. Confirming what was in the statement issued by the historic meeting between Zintan and Misrata in the city of Zintan on Wednesday, March 28th, 2018

2. Confirming the unity of Libya and rejecting any calls for division, or threats of it, of the country

3. Committing to the principles of the 17 February Revolution as the foundation for any work, reconciliation, or agreement between the two cities and any other city

4. Confirming the principle of citizenship and equality for all Libyans, confirming their civil and political rights and the right to equal opportunity, and rejecting all discrimination

5. Confirming the sanctity of Libyan blood and prohibiting any armed clashes, or threats of it, between the two cities, calling for a resort to dialogue to manage any conflict, and rejecting the threat of violence between the people of the two cities

6. Confirming support for the military and security institutions, two institutions whose loyalty is to Allah and the nation, under the supervision of a civil authority, and rejecting any coups or regional interference

7. Mutual respect from the people of the two cities to all of the social components in the two cities, and each city respecting the specificities of the other

8. Working together to solve any disputes, conflicts, or killings between Libyans, instilling a comprehensive national reconciliation, and forming a joint committee to solve any outstanding disputes

9. Reiterating that the two cities have turned a new page, moving on from the past, and are working for a better future for the people of both cities

10. Adhering to the importance of instilling a spirit of cooperation and harmony among the people of the two cities through the media in the two cities and other means of spreading culture, like sermons and seminars, in each city

11. Respecting the property of the people of either city, whether inside each city or outside it

12. Respecting the freedom of movement and trade, as well as the people of each city facilitating these freedoms for each other

13. Facilitating commercial and industrial trade, and all economic activities, between the two cities

14. Starting an exchange of knowledge and expertise between the public institutions in the two cities in the field of building and construction, facilitating the work of the public and private companies of each city inside the other city, and investing natural resources in accordance with the law, all through coordination between the two sides through the joint committee

15. Coordinating, consulting, and bringing opinions closer in order to serve the interests of the country

16. Working together to solve the current political crisis and end the suffering of Libyans

17. Reiterating that any dialogue among Libyans must be Libyan-Libyan, and it must take place in Libya, with the rejection of any foreign interference

18. We call upon all Libyans to support this agreement and work to make the efforts of comprehensive reconciliation successful all over the country.

Finally, we confirm the commitment of both Misrata and Zintan to adhere to the articles in this charter,

And peace be upon you, and Allah’s mercy and blessings.

Issued in the city of Misrata

Thursday, 26 April 2018 – 10 Shaaban 1439 Hijri

The Signatories of the Agreement

City Name Signature

Misrata Mustafa Muhammad Karwad [Signed]

Zintan Salem Al Mabrook Salamah [Signed]

Misrata Ibrahim Omar Bin Rajab [Signed]

Zintan Mustafa Al Barouni [Signed]

Misrata Mukhtar Ahmad Badi [Signed]

Zintan Omar Ghaith Qarambal [Signed]

Misrata Ahmad Muhammad Al Dharat [Signed]

Zintan Muftah Mansour Ali [Signed]

Misrata Muhammad Ibrahim Al Rajoubi [Signed]

Zintan Abdullah Ahmad [Signed]

Misrata Ramadan Muhammad Maetiq [Signed]

Zintan Al Bashir Masoud Al Thuailib [Signed]

Misrata Muhammad Ibrahim Al Nuairi [Signed]

Zintan Khalifah A Shuaib [Signed]

Misrata Ali Nuradin Kambah [Signed]

Zintan Shaaban Al Amyani Al Marhalni

Misrata Jibril Abdulkareem Al Raidh [Signed]

Zintan Al Mahdi Masoud Abdullah [Signed]

Misrata Miftah Muhammad Al Darwish [Signed]

Zintan Abdullah Saleh Al Bulai’izi [Signed]

Misrata Mustafa Muhammad Warith [Signed]

Zintan Mustafa Ahmad Al Turki [Signed]

Misrata Saleh Ali Ismio [Signed]

Zintan Omar Muhammad Mulaiqitah

Misrata Faraj Ali Abu Sha’alah [Signed]

Zintan Muhammad Ali Al Nimr

Misrata Al Hussein Omar bin Hamidah [Signed]

Zintan Mukhtar Dhaw Al Akhdhar

Misrata Muhammad Abdulsalam Al Shah

Zintan Abdulsalam Abu Sitah [Signed]