Ceasefire Agreement (Zawiyya Agreement)

  • Country/entity
    Libya
  • Region
    Middle East and North Africa
  • Agreement name
    Ceasefire Agreement (Zawiyya Agreement)
  • Date
    4 Sep 2018
  • Agreement status
    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement
    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level
    Intrastate/local conflict ( Libyan Conflicts (1969 - 1994) (2011 - ) )
  • Stage
    Ceasefire/related
  • Conflict nature
    Government
  • Peace process
    Libyan peace process
  • Parties
    Representatives of the Government of National Accord, military commanders, security apparatuses and armed groups present in and around the Capital [UNSMIL Statement]

    [21 Signatories, illegible]
  • Third parties
    "Signed under the auspices of Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Libya Dr. Ghassan Salame" [according to UNSMIL Statement]
  • Description
    Seven-point ceasefire providing for an end to hostilities and any action potentially interpreted as hostile; avoidance of civilian and collateral damage, and reopening of Mitiga Airport and roads out of Tripoli.


Groups

  • Children/youth

    No specific mention.

  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons

    No specific mention.

  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender

    No specific mention.

  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)

    No specific mention.

  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections

    No specific mention.

  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.


Power sharing

  • Political power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general
    Page 1, III. Ensure civilians are not put at risk and human rights are respected as stipulated by national and international laws;
  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation
    Page 1, III. Ensure civilians are not put at risk and human rights are respected as stipulated by national and international laws;
  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.


Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication

    No specific mention.

  • Mobility/access
    Page 1, V. Ensure the reopening of Mitiga airport as well as all roads in and out of the Capital;
  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other

    No specific mention.


Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction

    No specific mention.

  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees
    Page 1, III. Ensure civilians are not put at risk and human rights are respected as stipulated by national and international laws;

    Page 1, IV. Protect all private and public properties;
  • Ceasefire
    Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
    Page 1, The Parties agree to seek a peaceful resolution to the crisis, particularly a cessation of hostilities and an appropriate monitoring mechanism;

    Page 1, Upon the signing of this Agreement, the Parties to this Agreement hereby commit to:
    I. Cease all hostilities;

    Page 1, ... II. Halt any further hostile movement that would hamper implementation of the ceasefire;
    Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
    Page 1, IV. Protect all private and public properties;

    Page 1, VI. Refrain from taking any action that may lead to armed confrontation including all movement of forces, ammunition resupply, or any other action that could be viewed as generating tensions;
  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces

    No specific mention.

  • DDR

    No specific mention.

  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
    Page 1, VII. Ensure that all groups under their command shall observe this Agreement.
  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.


Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims

    No specific mention.

  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation

    No specific mention.


Implementation

  • UN signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Other international signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Enforcement mechanism
    Page 1, VII. Ensure that all groups under their command shall observe this Agreement.
  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    UNSMIL, UNSMIL Statement on the Facilitation of a Ceasefire Agreement to end Fighting in Tripoli , 4 September 2018, https://unsmil.unmissions.org/unsmil-statement-facilitation-ceasefire-agreement-end-fighting-tripoli

This Agreement is among the signatories below;

On the basis of the United Nations’ deep concern over the violence and humanitarian harm resulting from the armed conflict in Tripoli, and the offer of the United Nations Secretary General for his Special Representative to facilitate an agreement between the various Libyan parties;

The Parties agree to seek a peaceful resolution to the crisis, particularly a cessation of hostilities and an appropriate monitoring mechanism;

If the various parties demonstrate genuine and full respect for the commitments below, further dialogue will be established by the United Nations and will be dedicated to discussing the appropriate security arrangements in the Capital.

Upon the signing of this Agreement, the Parties to this Agreement hereby commit to:

I. Cease all hostilities;

II. Halt any further hostile movement that would hamper implementation of the ceasefire;

III. Ensure civilians are not put at risk and human rights are respected as stipulated by national and international laws;

IV. Protect all private and public properties;

V. Ensure the reopening of Mitiga airport as well as all roads in and out of the Capital;

VI. Refrain from taking any action that may lead to armed confrontation including all movement of forces, ammunition resupply, or any other action that could be viewed as generating tensions;

VII. Ensure that all groups under their command shall observe this Agreement.

4 September 2018