The University of EdinburghPeace Agreements DatabasePeaceRep

Pledge of Reconciliation Between the Cities of Zawiyyah and al-Zintan

  • Country/entity

    Libya
  • Region

    Middle East and North Africa
  • Agreement name

    Pledge of Reconciliation Between the Cities of Zawiyyah and al-Zintan
  • Date

    10 May 2018
  • Agreement status

    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement

    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level

    Intrastate/local conflict ( Libyan Conflicts (1969 - 1994) (2011 - ) )
  • Stage

    Framework/substantive - partial
  • Conflict nature

    Inter-group
  • Peace process

    Libyan local processes
  • Parties

    The Head of the Local Council of the City of Zawiyah, [SIGNED]
    The Mayor of the Municipality of Al Zintan, [SIGNED]
    The Head of the Shura, Elders, and Sheikhs of Zawiyah, [SIGNED]
    The Head of the Social Committee of the City of Al Zintan, [SIGNED]
    The Commander of the Military Operations Room in Zawiyah, [SIGNED]
    The Head of the Military Council in the City of Al Zintan, [SIGNED]
    The Head of the Families of the Martyrs Organization in Zawiyah, [SIGNED]
    The Head of the Martyrs Association in the City of Al Zintan, [SIGNED]
  • Third parties

    -
  • Description

    15-point agreement iterates reconciliation and multiple principles of the Libyan state based on the constitutional declaration of 2011. In addition, agreement provides for (1) security sector reform; (2) return of IDPs; (3) end to crime and smuggling; (4) placing qualified individuals in positions of power; (5) right to free movement, property and trade.


Groups

  • Children/youth

    No specific mention.

  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons
    Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
    Page 1, 1. Confirming and working to return the forcibly displaced and IDPs to their cities and areas
  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender

    No specific mention.

  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family
    Page 3, signatories, The Head of the Families of the Martyrs Organization in Zawiyah, [SIGNED]

State definition

  • Nature of state (general)
    Page 1, Untitled preamble, We, the people of the two cities, out of love to our country and an understanding of the danger of this period, as a part of the efforts needed from us, in order to unify the people, bridge the gaps, and bring about peace and stability, in confirmation of the first part of the constitutional declaration, which states that Libya is an independent democratic state where the Libyan people are the source of authority, and Islam is their religion, and Islamic shariah is their law, in completion of the efforts to communicate that were expended in the past by the people of the two cities, which culminated in the first meeting in the city of Al Zintan, are holding the second meeting in the city of Zawiyyah under the slogan of Zawiyyah and Al Zintan, Towards Reconciliation and Growth. This second meeting is the real beginning of reconciliation and stability for the two cities and the rest of the country, and it shall be a pillar of social peace and sustainable development for generations to come, with Allah’s help and support. The people of the two cities announce, in this code of conduct and reconciliation agreement, the following:

    Page 1, 5. Adhering to the principles of the February 17th Revolution and defending it.

    Page 1, 6. The peaceful transfer of power
  • State configuration
    Page 1, 2. Libya is one nation and we will never accept its division or any ambitions on its territory

    Page 1, 7. The unification of the institutions of the state, including the army and the police, and the loyalty of these institutions be to Allah, then Libya, under the supervision of a civilian authority
  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)
    Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General references
    Page 1, 7. The unification of the institutions of the state, including the army and the police, and the loyalty of these institutions be to Allah, then Libya, under the supervision of a civilian authority
  • Elections

    No specific mention.

  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional/religious leaders
    Page 2, signatory: The Head of the Shura, Elders, and Sheikhs of Zawiyah, [SIGNED]
  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.


Power sharing

  • Political power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general

    No specific mention.

  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights
    Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Freedom of movement
    Page 2, 15. The freedom of movement, ownership of property, and trade between the people of the two cities
  • Socio-economic rights
    Human rights and equality→Socio-economic rights→Property
    Page 2, 15. The freedom of movement, ownership of property, and trade between the people of the two cities

Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication
    Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
    Page 1, 8. Building a culture of forgiveness, tolerance, and national reconciliation, and strengthening this culture, through the various forms of media, and supporting visits between the people of these cities
  • Mobility/access
    Page 2, 15. The freedom of movement, ownership of property, and trade between the people of the two cities
  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other

    No specific mention.


Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws
    Page 1, Untitled preamble, ... We, the people of the two cities, out of love to our country and an understanding of the danger of this period, as a part of the efforts needed from us, in order to unify the people, bridge the gaps, and bring about peace and stability, in confirmation of the first part of the constitutional declaration, which states that Libya is an independent democratic state where the Libyan people are the source of authority, and Islam is their religion, and Islamic shariah is their law, in completion of the efforts to communicate that were expended in the past by the people of the two cities, which culminated in the first meeting in the city of Al Zintan, are holding the second meeting in the city of Zawiyyah under the slogan of Zawiyyah and Al Zintan, Towards Reconciliation and Growth. ...

Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction
    Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
    Page 2, 13. Contributing to achieving social and economic development and ensuring that qualified and specialized individuals are put in positions of power in the Libyan state
  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business
    Page 2, 15. The freedom of movement, ownership of property, and trade between the people of the two cities
  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees
    Page 1, 4. Not resorting to arms and violence, or threats of violence, and resorting to dialogue to resolve any conflict or dispute
  • Ceasefire

    No specific mention.

  • Police
    Page 1, 7. The unification of the institutions of the state, including the army and the police, and the loyalty of these institutions be to Allah, then Libya, under the supervision of a civilian authority
  • Armed forces
    Page 1, 7. The unification of the institutions of the state, including the army and the police, and the loyalty of these institutions be to Allah, then Libya, under the supervision of a civilian authority
  • DDR

    No specific mention.

  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces

    No specific mention.

  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime
    Page 1, 11. Fighting against extremism and organized crime, especially smuggling, in all of its forms
  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism
    Page 1, 11. Fighting against extremism and organized crime, especially smuggling, in all of its forms

Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims
    Page 3, signatories, The Head of the Families of the Martyrs Organization in Zawiyah, [SIGNED]
    The Head of the Martyrs Association in the City of Al Zintan, [SIGNED]
  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation
    Page 1, 3. Reiterating the importance of holding Libyan-Libyan dialogue inside Libya

    Page 1, 8. Building a culture of forgiveness, tolerance, and national reconciliation, and strengthening this culture, through the various forms of media, and supporting visits between the people of these cities

Implementation

  • UN signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Other international signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Enforcement mechanism
    Page 2, 12. Forming a joint committee between the two cities to look into the unresolved issues and working to resolve them
  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    Announcement of National Reconciliation between the two Libyan cities of al-Zintan and al-Zawiyyah, Youm7, 11 May 2018, https://www.youm7.com/story/2018/5/11/الإعلان-عن-مصالحة-وطنية-بين-مدينتى-الزنتان-والزاوية-الليبيتان/3788167

In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Pledge of Reconciliation Between the Cities of Zawiyyah and al-Zintan

All praises be to the Lord of the worlds, by Whose favor work is completed, and with Whose guidance efforts are successful, and peace and blessings be upon Muhammad, his family, and his companions.

In adherence to His verse:

“And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided.

And remember the favor of Allah upon you - when you were enemies and He brought your hearts together and you became, by His favor, brothers.

And you were on the edge of a pit of the Fire, and He saved you from it.

Thus does Allah make clear to you His verses that you may be guided.” (

Quran, 3:103)

And in implementation of the saying of the Prophet:

“The believers in their mutual kindness, compassion and sympathy are just like one body.

When one of the limbs suffers, the whole body responds to it with wakefulness and fever."

We, the people of the two cities, out of love to our country and an understanding of the danger of this period, as a part of the efforts needed from us, in order to unify the people, bridge the gaps, and bring about peace and stability, in confirmation of the first part of the constitutional declaration, which states that Libya is an independent democratic state where the Libyan people are the source of authority, and Islam is their religion, and Islamic shariah is their law, in completion of the efforts to communicate that were expended in the past by the people of the two cities, which culminated in the first meeting in the city of Al Zintan, are holding the second meeting in the city of Zawiyyah under the slogan of Zawiyyah and Al Zintan, Towards Reconciliation and Growth.

This second meeting is the real beginning of reconciliation and stability for the two cities and the rest of the country, and it shall be a pillar of social peace and sustainable development for generations to come, with Allah’s help and support.

The people of the two cities announce, in this code of conduct and reconciliation agreement, the following:

Reiterating what was stated in the closing statement that was issued by the first meeting in Al Zintan between the two cities, which was held on 17 April 2018

Libya is one nation and we will never accept its division or any ambitions on its territory

Reiterating the importance of holding Libyan-Libyan dialogue inside Libya

Not resorting to arms and violence, or threats of violence, and resorting to dialogue to resolve any conflict or dispute

Adhering to the principles of the February 17thRevolution and defending it

The peaceful transfer of power

The unification of the institutions of the state, including the army and the police, and the loyalty of these institutions be to Allah, then Libya, under the supervision of a civilian authority

Building a culture of forgiveness, tolerance, and national reconciliation, and strengthening this culture, through the various forms of media, and supporting visits between the people of these cities

Unifying the visions of the people to serve the country and contribute to solving its crises

Confirming and working to return the forcibly displaced and IDPs to their cities and areas

Fighting against extremism and organized crime, especially smuggling, in all of its forms

Forming a joint committee between the two cities to look into the unresolved issues and working to resolve them

Contributing to achieving social and economic development and ensuring that qualified and specialized individuals are put in positions of power in the Libyan state

Respecting all of the pledges and agreements that were signed by the two cities

The freedom of movement, ownership of property, and trade between the people of the two cities

This is what we have agreed upon and committed to, and may Allah guide us to success.

Peace be upon you.

Written in the city of Zawiyah on Thursday, 24 Sha’ban 1439 Hijri (10 May 2018)

The Signatories to the Pledge of Reconciliation

The Head of the Local Council of the City of Zawiyah

The Mayor of the Municipality of Al Zintan

[SIGNED]

[SIGNED]

The Head of the Shura, Elders, and Sheikhs of Zawiyah

The Head of the Social Committee of the City of Al Zintan

[SIGNED]

[SIGNED]

The Commander of the Military Operations Room in Zawiyah

The Head of the Military Council in the City of Al Zintan

[SIGNED]

[SIGNED]

The Head of the Families of the Martyrs Organization in Zawiyah

The Head of the Martyrs Association in the City of Al Zintan

[SIGNED]

[SIGNED]