Meeting Minutes

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Country/entity: Libya
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Agreement name: Meeting Minutes
Date: 23 Sep 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Libyan Conflicts (1969 - 1994) (2011 - )
Agreements relate to two distinct conflict dyads.
Libya-Chad. Since the 1970s, Libya under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi had a tense relationship with its neighbour Chad, predominantly focused on the resource-rich Aouzou Strip in northern Chad. Libyan claims of the Aouzou Strip were held in an un-ratified treaty between France and Italy in 1935, similarly Chadian claims of the Strip were argued with support of a 1955 treaty between Libya and France. In 1973, Libya effectively annexed the Strip to gain access to natural resources. This spurred cross-border clashes between 1979 until 1987 until escalated to a brief war known as the Toyota War, wherein Chadian government troops succeeded in repelling Libyan forces. A brief and repeatedly violated ceasefire was held from 1987-88, followed by a series of unsuccessful negotiations, until an International Court of Justice ruling in 1994, which granted sovereignty of the Strip to Chad.

Libya post-Gaddafi. Gaddafi’s downfall following the Libyan Civil War in 2011-2012, led to several factions fighting for the country’s leadership. Since 2013, the country effectively split into three entities, with the National Army controlling the east including the city of Benghazi, and the New General National Congress and their militias such as the Golden Dawn controlling the northwest including the capital of Tripoli. Significant portions of the country in the south-west are currently held by Tuareg forces. The civil war and chaos continued into 2014 as the General National Congress refused to disband after the expiry of its mandate, resulting in eruption of mass protests. The UN efforts continue to broker peace between the Libyan Army and the Libya Dawn factions, and a partial ceasefire was declared in January 2015. A new interim-government (Tunisia-based) called ‘Government of National Accord’ is formed with the backing of UN despite the refusal of the other forces to recognise its authority and arrived to Tripoli with the UN in 2016. A state of emergency was declared by the UN backed government amid clashed between rival militia in Tripoli’s southern suburbs. Since April 2019 there has been sustained fighting between the Libyan National Army and the UN-backed government in Tripoli as the Libyan National Army aims to seize Tripoli.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Libyan local processes
Parties: Mustafa Omar Karwad, Mayor of the Misratah Municipality, [SIGNED];
Ramadhan Balfour Qabqoub, Mayor of the Tadjoura Municipality, [SIGNED];
Abdulraouf Hasan Bait Al Mal, Mayor of the Central Tripoli Municipality, [SIGNED];
Abdulrahman Aoun Al Hamidi, Mayor of the Abu Salim Municipality, [SIGNED]
Hashem Al Hashemi Bin Yusuf, Mayor of the Souq Al Jum’ah Municipality, [SIGNED]
Third parties: -
Description: Appears to be a civilian call by mayors from opposing municipalities to implement the Tripoli ceasefire from September 2018.

Agreement document: LY_180923_Meeting Minutes_EN.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): LY_180923_Meeting Minutes_AR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
Page 1, 6. Calling for an end to the media escalation and mobilization to stoke the fire of war and sedition
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, 4. Immediately starting to implement the economic reforms on a clear timeline
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, 2. Demanding that the security arrangements be quickly implemented in a systematic manner and in accordance with the agreed upon timetable
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, 1. Reiterating the importance of an immediate ceasefire and the protection of the lives and property of the people, as well as holding anyone who violates this legally responsible for their actions

Page 1, 2. Demanding that the security arrangements be quickly implemented in a systematic manner and in accordance with the agreed upon timetable
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, 3. Supporting the agreement that was signed between the parties in the Zawiyah municipality, which was sponsored by the United Nations delegation, and calling upon the UN delegation to bear its full responsibility towards the Libyan people
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: On file with author

Meeting Minutes

On Sunday, 23/09/2018, in the headquarters of the municipal council of Misratah, and in the presence of the following municipal mayors:

In response to the events that are taking place in the capital, Tripoli, as a part of the role of the municipalities, which are close to the people, and in order to preserve the social fabric and the brotherly and cooperative relationships between the cities, the attendees of the meeting discussed the implications of the armed clashes that are taking place in the capital, Tripoli.

In that regard, the attendees agreed to the following:

Reiterating the importance of an immediate ceasefire and the protection of the lives and property of the people, as well as holding anyone who violates this legally responsible for their actions

Demanding that the security arrangements be quickly implemented in a systematic manner and in accordance with the agreed upon timetable

Supporting the agreement that was signed between the parties in the Zawiyah municipality, which was sponsored by the United Nations delegation, and calling upon the UN delegation to bear its full responsibility towards the Libyan people

Immediately starting to implement the economic reforms on a clear timeline

Adhering to the principle of dialogue to resolve any problems and criminalizing the use of

violence and force to impose one’s opinion

Calling for an end to the media escalation and mobilization to stoke the fire of war and

Mustafa Omar Karwad

Mayor of the Misratah Municipality

Ramadhan Balnour Qabqoub

Mayor of the Tadjoura Municipality

Abdulraouf Hasan Bait Al Mal

Mayor of the Central Tripoli Municipality

Abdulrahman Aoun Al Hamidi

Mayor of the Abu Saleem Municipality

Hashem Al Hashemi Bin Yusuf

Mayor of the Souq Al Jum’ah Municipality

sedition

Mayor of the Misratah Municipality [SIGNED]

Mayor of the Central Tripoli Municipality [SIGNED]

Mayor of the Tadjoura Municipality [SIGNED]

Mayor of the Abu Saleem Municipality [SIGNED]

Mayor of the Souq Al Jum’ah Municipality[SIGNED]

Meeting Minutes

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement