Agreement between the Kel Inacharia and sedentary communities of the circle of Alafia, Bourem Inaly and Lafia

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Country/entity: Mali
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Agreement between the Kel Inacharia and sedentary communities of the circle of Alafia, Bourem Inaly and Lafia
Date: 13 Mar 2019
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Mali: Dogon-Fulani and other local conflicts (2015 -)
An initially intercommunal conflict between Dogon and Fulani (known in Mali as Peulh) communities in the Mopti region in central Mali, which has strong regional and national dimensions as well. The conflict emerged in 2015 from disputes over access to natural resources and land management between traditionally sedentary agriculturalists, the Dogon community, and semi-nomadic pastoralists and traders, the Fulani community. Given the state’s failure in providing security, various communities, including the Dozo community, grouped into militias, with the umbrella group Dan Na Ambassagou (DNA) comprising Dogon local defence militias. The intercommunal violence that ensued quickly became a regional emergency crisis, as extremist groups emerging from the northern regions to gain a foothold in the region benefited from this security vacuum by reinforcing the conflict through recruiting local population. In turn, the threat of extremist attacks fed back into the establishment of local defence militias. The emergence of Malian extremists in the Mopti region has triggered the internationalization of the conflict witnessing the intervention of international security forces, main missions being a Joint Force by the G5 Sahel, United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), and the French Operation Serval (SOV). Given Mali’s colonial historical relationship with France, these interventions have de facto further added to the complexities of this conflict’s drivers. Reconciliation efforts on both local and state level culminated in a ceasefire agreement in 2018. However, in the run up to the July 2018 elections the region saw an upsurge in violent clashes with civilians by communal militias, with increasing violent activities by Dozo militias. In 2019 there was a sharp increase of violent attacks by militias, militaries and extremists, with violence against civilians being most common.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Mali Local Processes
Parties: Signed [names illegible]

For The Kel-inacharia Community
For the d’Iloas Community

The faction leader
The d’Iloas village chief

For the Hondoubomo Abba-Ber Community

The HONDOUBOMO ABBA-BER village chief

For the Hondoubomo Koina Community

The HONDOUBOMO KOINA village chief:

For Mar-Mare Community

The Mar-mar faction leader:

For the territorial groups:

The Mayor of BOUREM-INALY:

The Mayor of the d’ALAFIA Municipality
The Mayor of the LAFIA rural municipality

The President of the interim Authority of the Tombouctou Circle

For the Representative of the State

Witnessed, the Prefect of the Tombouctou Circle
Third parties: Not signed, but listed on Page 2, Preamble:
[...] have met in Alafia as part of the mediation undertaken for a year by the Center for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD) at the request of the Parties and their nationals in Bamako, in partnership with the Tiessou network and with the support of the Regional Reconciliation Support Team (ERAR), to agree on the following:
Description: In this local agreement, the representatives of the communities and of the state agree to encourage the resumption of agricultural and livestock activities, commit to peaceful cohabitation, reject violence, and finally, agree to form a 9-member monitoring committee to oversee the and report on the implementation of agreed measures.

Agreement document: ML_190313_Agreement between the Kel Inacharia and sedentary communities of the circle of Alafia, Bourem_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): ML_190313_Agreement between the Kel Inacharia and sedentary communities of the circle of Alafia, Bourem Inaly and Lafia.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
Page 2:
Article 1: The Parties commit by this Agreement to work collectively to resume agricultural and livestock production activities in the area.

Page 2, Article 3:
To do so, the Parties commit to:
[...]
f) Encouraging the resumption of agricultural and livestock production in the area made up of Inagaiassou, Marmare, Farfare, Talgoussia, Tatora, Chembou for the 2019-2020 season, which shall begin no later than March 15, 2019;
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: Page 2:
Article 1: The Parties commit by this Agreement to work collectively to resume agricultural and livestock production activities in the area.

Page 2, Article 3:
To do so, the Parties commit to:
[...]
f) Encouraging the resumption of agricultural and livestock production in the area made up of Inagaiassou, Marmare, Farfare, Talgoussia, Tatora, Chembou for the 2019-2020 season, which shall begin no later than March 15, 2019;
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 2:
Article 2: To do so, the Parties commit to:
a) Promoting a culture of peaceful cohabitation;
b) Rejecting any form of violence prejudicial to the security of people and their property;
c) Managing disputes through dialogue, using the community leaders of Tiessou;
d) Sensitizing each of the communities for effective adherence to this Agreement;
e) Communicating regularly with each of the Parties on any difficulties encountered during the
implementation of this Agreement;
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Available on the website of HD Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, at https://www.hdcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Accord-Tiessou-mars-2019.pdf (Accessed on 19/6/2020)

Agreement between the Kel Inacharia and sedentary communities in the municipalities of Alafia, Bourem Inaly and Lafia

March 2019

Preamble

We, the Kel Inacharia community on one side, and the sedentary communities of:

the villages of Iloa and Hondoubomo Koina in the rural commune of Alafia, of the Mar-Mar area in the commune of Lafia, and of Hondoubomo Abbaber in the rural commune Bourem Inaly, on the other side, hereinafter referred to as the Parties;

Considering the centuries-old fraternity, cohabitation, and trade between communities living in Tiessou;

Expressing our desire for stability and cohabitation between communities;

Conscious that the ban on the farming of rice fields imposed since December 2017 by nomads against sedentary people has caused a crisis and hampered almost two years of agricultural and livestock production in the area;

Considering the threat of famine posed by the inability to farm in certain local rice and bourgou fields, especially those in the surroundings of the villages of Iloa and Hondoubomo Abbaber;

Have met in Alafia as part of the mediation undertaken for a year by the Center for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD) at the request of the Parties and their nationals in Bamako, in partnership with the Tiessou network and with the support of the Regional Reconciliation Support Team (ERAR), to agree on the following:

Article 1:

The Parties commit by this Agreement to work collectively to resume agricultural and livestock production activities in the area.

Article 2:

To do so, the Parties commit to:

Promoting a culture of peaceful cohabitation;

Rejecting any form of violence prejudicial to the security of people and their property;

Managing disputes through dialogue, using the community leaders of Tiessou;

Sensitizing each of the communities for effective adherence to this Agreement;

Communicating regularly with each of the Parties on any difficulties encountered during the implementation of this Agreement;

Encouraging the resumption of agricultural and livestock production in the area made up of Inagaiassou, Marmare, Farfare, Talgoussia, Tatora, Chembou for the 2019-2020 season, which shall begin no later than March 15, 2019;

Requesting the administrative authorities and the elected officials to accompany and support the implementation of this Agreement;

Requesting the State and its technical and financial partners to support the implementation of this Agreement by putting in place an infrastructure to facilitate peaceful collective use of the operating areas.

Article 3:

In order to monitor the implementation of this peace agreement, a monitoring committee will be put in place.

This will be formed by 9 members who must be appointed by consensus to represent all three communities.

The mission of this monitoring committee is to:

Regularly update the Parties on the progress made in implementing the commitments made under this Agreement in order to strengthen its scope;

Prevent and manage disputes between the Parties that may lead to non-compliance with this Agreement;

Identify, if necessary, additional measures necessary for the inter-communal reconciliation process.

Article 4:

This Agreement comes into force from the date of signature.

Done in Timbuktu, March 13, 2019

Signed

For The Kel-inacharia Community For the d’Iloas Community

The faction leader The d’Iloas village chief

For the Hondoubomo Abba-Ber Community

The HONDOUBOMO ABBA-BER village chief

For the Hondoubomo Koina Community

The HONDOUBOMO KOINA village chief:

For Mar-Mare Community

The Mar-mar faction leader:

For the territorial groups:

The Mayor of BOUREM-INALY:

The Mayor of the d’ALAFIA Municipality

The Mayor of the LAFIA rural municipality

The President of the interim Authority of the

Tombouctou Circle

For the Representative of the State

Witnessed, the Prefect of the Tombouctou Circle