Confidence Measures between the 6 armed Groups of Haute Kotto

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Country/entity: Central African Republic
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Confidence Measures between the 6 armed Groups of Haute Kotto
Date: 9 Apr 2019
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Central African Republic Conflicts (1996 - )
The Central African Republic conflict is one of a set of regionally connected conflicts addressed by the African Great Lakes process. After the country gained independence from France in 1960 it has been ruled by a sequence of autocratic leaders that principally gained power through coups. Since the mid-1990s several waves of internal conflict took place in the Central African Republic, primarily along tribal, and later-on increasingly sectarian, lines. In 1996 and 1997, French troops and soldiers from neighbouring countries intervened to end a mutiny in the capital, Bangui, by factions of the army. The fighting was predominantly along tribal lines, with southern tribes in revolt against the ‘northern’ government. A UN mission was installed in 1998 to secure the truce.
After General Bozizé took control of the country after several coup attempts in 2003, a ‘bush war’ began led by armed opposition forces. From late 2006 onward, government troops with French military support severely weakened the rebels. Following this, a number of agreements were signed during 2007-2008, but not all factions have accepted them. In 2011, Bozizé was re-elected in supposedly fraudulent elections, which resulted in a new wave of uprisings. Séléka, an alliance of northern rebel groups, took over parts of the country and forced Bozizé to agree to a power-sharing deal. However, after this agreement broke down, Séléka took control of Bangui and Bozizé had to flee the country in 2013. Leader of Séléka, Michel Djotodia, took office and officially disbanded Séléka. However, continual violence between ex-Séléka groups and opposing militias, collectively known as ‘anti-balaka’, persisted and Djotodia was forced to resign less than a year later. Catherine Samba-Panza was installed as interim president until Faustin Archange Touadéra was elected in January 2016. In February 2019 an agreement was signed between the government and fourteen armed groups, including ex-Seleka groups, committed to disarmament. However, violence between ex-Seleka groups and anti-balaka continues.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: CAR: Local Processes
Parties: Signatory parties:
The FPRC
The RPRC
UPC
The MPC
The MLCJ
MOKOM Wing Anti Balaka
Third parties: -
Description: In this very short agreement, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to respect the Khartoum Accord, to hold a ceasefire, and to protect free movement, facilitate return of refugees, guarantee security regardless of ethnicity or religion, and to promote co-existence.

Agreement document: CF_190409_Confidence Measures between the 6 armed Groups of Haute Kotto_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CF_190409_Confidence Measures between the 6 armed Groups of Haute Kotto.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Anti-discrimination
Page 1:
We, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to the following;
...
- To guarantee the security of the population regardless of ethnicity and religion;
Religious groups: Groups→Religious groups→Anti-discrimination
Page 1:
We, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to the following;
...
- To guarantee the security of the population regardless of ethnicity and religion;
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 1:
We, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to the following;
...
- To facilitate the return of IDPs to their respective neighborhoods.
- To ensure the protection of displaced persons and returnees;
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1:
We, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to the following;
...
- To respect the free movement of people and goods, humanitarian personnel and MINUSCA;
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1:
We, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to the following;
...
- To respect the free movement of people and goods, humanitarian personnel and MINUSCA;
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of groups
Page 1:
We, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to the following;
...
- To ensure the protection of displaced persons and returnees;
- To guarantee the security of the population regardless of ethnicity and religion;
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 1:
We, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to the following;
...
- To respect the free movement of people and goods, humanitarian personnel and MINUSCA;
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1,
We, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to the following;
-   To respect the Khartoum Agreement signed on February 6, 2019
-   To cease hostilities;
-   To respect the free movement of people and goods, humanitarian personnel and MINUSCA;
-   To facilitate the return of IDPs to their respective neighborhoods.
-   To ensure the protection of displaced persons and returnees;
-   To guarantee the security of the population regardless of ethnicity and religion;
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Page 1,
We, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to the following;
...
- To cease hostilities;
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1:
We, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to the following;
...
- To promote unity, social cohesion, and cohabitation

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: On file with PA-X PI

CONFIDENCE MEASURES

BETWEEN THE 6 ARMED GROUPS OF HAUTE KOTTO

We, the six armed groups active in Haute Kotto agree to the following;

- To respect the Khartoum Agreement signed on February 6, 2019

- To cease hostilities;

- To respect the free movement of people and goods, humanitarian personnel and MINUSCA;

- To facilitate the return of IDPs to their respective neighborhoods.

- To ensure the protection of displaced persons and returnees;

- To guarantee the security of the population regardless of ethnicity and religion;

- To promote unity, social cohesion, and cohabitation.

Done in Bria, April 09, 2019

Signatory parties:

The FPRC

The RPRC

UPC

The MPC

The MLCJ

MOKOM Wing Anti Balaka