Joint Declaration to renew the cessation of hostilities between the Government of the Republic of Sudan and the Sudan Revolutionary Front

Export agreement:

Export agreement coding (PDF)

Country/entity: Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Joint Declaration to renew the cessation of hostilities between the Government of the Republic of Sudan and the Sudan Revolutionary Front
Date: 21 Oct 2019
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Sudan Transition Process
Parties: Signatory Parties:

Government of Sudan

SLM – Transitional Council

Sudan Liberation Forces Alliance

SPLM-N

SLM

JEM
Third parties: Witness:

Tut Qaluak Manime

Advisor to the President of the Republic of South Sudan on Security Affairs – Chief Mediator
Description: This short agreement reaffirms commitments already made in this process in the signing of the Juba declaration on trust building measures in September 2019. The agreement provides specifically for a renewal of previous commitments to ending hostilities and setting up ceasefire mechanisms by rewriting ceasefire conditions, establishing a time and date for it to enter into force with parties agreeing to future negotiations concerning details around monitoring, control and facilitation mechanisms. Substantively the agreement also reiterates complete release of prisoners and declares an immediate cessation of hostilities among all signing parties, stipulating a time frame for ceasefire and a timetable for further negotiations regarding monitoring, control and facilitation mechanisms as well as facilitation of humanitarian access within the Darfur areas. These agreements in essence establish a relationship between the new transitional government of Sudan and other peripheral armed groups who seek to ensure that their own causes within their process do not get lost within the implementation phase of new government.

Agreement document: SD_191021_Joint Declaration to Renew the Cessation of Hostilities between the Government of the Republic of Sudan and the Sudan Revolutionary Front - Official ENGLISH (3).PDF (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: Groups→Other groups→Rhetorical
Page 1, Preamble
...Recognizing that a comprehensive and just peaceful solution in Sudan is an ultimate priority that cannot be achieved without a just peace that ends wars and addresses the roots and consequences of the crisis while speaking to the particularities of the areas most affected by wars and marginalized groups...
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 2,
The Parties will negotiate at a later time on the mechanisms for monitoring, control, facilitation of internal and external humanitarian access with agreement from the Darfur and Two Areas Parties in each of the Area controlled by the respective parties, taking into consideration the particularities of each track...
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 1,
...Affirming the importance of achieving peace and democratic transition in Sudan through a comprehensive and true political process as stipulated in the Juba Declaration signed on 11 September 2019...

Page 1,
...Reiterating our commitment to the necessity of ending armed conflict in Sudan through real negotiations and peaceful means to find permanent and final solutions that can contribute to the security, stability, peace, democracy, and prosperity of Sudan...
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 2,
The Parties will negotiate at a later time on the mechanisms for monitoring, control, facilitation of internal and external humanitarian access with agreement from the Darfur and Two Areas Parties in each of the Area controlled by the respective parties, taking into consideration the particularities of each track...
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 1,
...Recognizing that the cessation of hostilities will lead to improving the humanitarian situation and will contribute to reinforcing trust and affirming the commitment of the Parties to the peace process leading to the commencement of peace negotiations and final security arrangements as part of the process of political transition in Sudan...

Page 2,
The Parties will negotiate at a later time on the mechanisms for monitoring, control, facilitation of internal and external humanitarian access with agreement from the Darfur and Two Areas Parties in each of the Area controlled by the respective parties, taking into consideration the particularities of each track...
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1,
...We, the Government of the Republic of Sudan, the Sudan Liberation Movement, the Sudan
People’s Liberation Movement – North, Sudan Liberation Forces Alliance, Sudanese Justice and Equality Movement, and Sudan Liberation Movement – Transitional Council declare the
immediate cessation of hostilities...

Page 2,
...The renewal of the cessation of hostilities enters into force at 11:59PM on October 20, 2019 and shall continue for 3 months and will cover all areas of Sudan.
Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Page 1,
...Reiterating our desire to reinforce peace in all of Sudan through renewing the cessation of hostilities that impede the peace process...

Page 1, Preamble

Recognizing that the cessation of hostilities will lead to improving the humanitarian situation and will contribute to reinforcing trust and affirming the commitment of the Parties to the peace process leading to the commencement of peace negotiations and final security arrangements as part of the process of political transition in Sudan.

We, the Government of the Republic of Sudan, the Sudan Liberation Movement, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement – North, Sudan Liberation Forces Alliance, Sudanese Justice and Equality Movement, and Sudan Liberation Movement – Transitional Council declare the immediate cessation of hostilities.
The Parties will negotiate at a later time on the mechanisms for monitoring, control, facilitation of internal and external humanitarian access with agreement from the Darfur and Two Areas Parties in each of the Area controlled by the respective parties, taking into consideration the particularities of each track.

The renewal of the cessation of hostilities enters into force at 11:59PM on October 20, 2019 and shall continue for 3 months and will cover all areas of Sudan.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 1, Preamble
...Affirming that the complete release of prisoners of war is fundamental to trust-building measures...
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: International IDEA, annex of https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/Juba%20Agreement%20for%20Peace%20in%20Sudan%20-%20Official%20ENGLISH.PDF (Accessed on 12 June 2022).

JOINT DECLARATION TO RENEW THE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES

BETWEEN

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SUDAN

AND

THE SUDAN REVOLUTIONARY FRONT

Between the Government of the Republic of Sudan and the Sudanese Justice and Equality Movement, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement – North, Sudan Liberation Forces Alliance, Sudan Liberation Movement – Transitional Council, Sudan Liberation Movement.

Acknowledging that achieving comprehensive and sustainable peace is acritical issue and fundamental requirement and one of the priorities of the transitional period.

Affirming the importance of achieving peace and democratic transition in Sudan through a comprehensive and true political process as stipulated in the Juba Declaration signed on 11 September 2019.

Reiterating our commitment to the necessity of ending armed conflict in Sudan through real negotiations and peaceful means to find permanent and final solutions that can contribute to the security, stability, peace, democracy, and prosperity of Sudan.

Reiterating our desire to reinforce peace in all of Sudan through renewing the cessation of hostilities that impede the peace process.

Recognizing that a comprehensive and just peaceful solution in Sudan is an ultimate priority that cannot be achieved without a just peace that ends wars and addresses the roots and consequences of the crisis while speaking to the particularities of the areas most affected by wars and marginalized groups.

Affirming that the complete release of prisoners of war is fundamental to trust-building measures.

Recognizing that the cessation of hostilities will lead to improving the humanitarian situation and will contribute to reinforcing trust and affirming the commitment of the Parties to the peace process leading to the commencement of peace negotiations and final security arrangements as part of the process of political transition in Sudan.

We, the Government of the Republic of Sudan, the Sudan Liberation Movement, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement – North, Sudan Liberation Forces Alliance, Sudanese Justice and Equality Movement, and Sudan Liberation Movement – Transitional Council declare the immediate cessation of hostilities.

The Parties will negotiate at a later time on the mechanisms for monitoring, control, facilitation of internal and external humanitarian access with agreement from the Darfur and Two Areas Parties in each of the Area controlled by the respective parties, taking into consideration the particularities of each track.

The renewal of the cessation of hostilities enters into force at 11:59PM on October 20, 2019 and shall continue for 3 months and will cover all areas of Sudan.

Signatory Parties:

Government of Sudan

SLM – Transitional Council

Sudan Liberation Forces Alliance

SPLM-N

SLM

JEM

Witness

Tut Qaluak Manime

Advisor to the President of the Republic of South Sudan on Security Affairs – Chief Mediator

21 October 2019

Juba, South Sudan