Statement of participants from Nyal meeting on Wunlit 1999 peace conference after 22 years (Nyal Agreement)

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Country/entity: South Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Statement of participants from Nyal meeting on Wunlit 1999 peace conference after 22 years (Nyal Agreement)
Date: 14 May 2021
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: South Sudan: Post-secession Local agreements
Parties: The agreement lists the following signatories:

Peter Nyuong Danhiar (Paramount Chief, Payinjiar County)

Gum Mading Akuecbany (Paramount Chief, Wunlit County)

Sawat Malual Arop (Paramount Chief, Aduol Kong County)

Jacob Madhel Lang (Paramount Chief, Aweng Payam, Twic County and Chairperson COTAL Warrap State)

Andrew Madot Buoi (Paramount Chief, Yirol East County, Nyang Payam)

Joseph Kong Yoach (Paramount Chief, Guit County)

Elizabeth David Dabuol Ngot (Women League Chairperson, Koch County)

Isaac Magok Gatluak (Paramount Chief, Mayendit County)

Stephen Kuong Mabil (Paramount Chief, Leer County)
Third parties: Rift Valley Institute, Assistance Mission for Africa and Swiss Government.
Description: A short agreement calling for further implementation of inter-communal reconciliation efforts involving county chiefs, women, youth and religious leaders through continued community dialogues in line with the aims of the Wunlit agreement of 1999. Substantively this agreement follows up on its partner agreement in Nyal and makes provision for return of IDPS, development and humanitarian supports to address flooding and calls for the enforcement by the office of the regional commissioner to address key issues for community peace. The provisions address community violence and hate speech acts and the prevalence of weapons within communities, calling for an overall solution to ongoing inter-communal violence in border areas between the states.

Agreement document: SS_210514_Nyal meeting signed statement.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Rhetorical
Page 1, We recognise with concern:
- The prevalence of guns in the hands of our young people;

Page 1, We appeal:
• To youth in the cattle camps to maintain peace as we continue to work to rekindle the spirit of Wunlit;

Page 2, Therefore we resolve:
- That processes are urgently initiated and implemented to remove guns from the hands of the youth concurrently across communities to prevent further loss of life;
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: Page 2, Signatories: We, the undersigned, resolve this on Friday 14 May in Nyal, Payinjiar County, Unity State, South Sudan.
... Elizabeth David Dabuol Ngot, Women League Chairperson, Koch County
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: Page 1, We recognise with concern:
- The absence of key chiefs missing from our meeting including those from Mayom and Gogrial due to the focus of the meeting on bringing together participants from the original Wunlit meeting;

Page 2, Therefore we resolve:
- To reconvene a second Wunlit meeting bringing together all chiefs from across the three regions to convene once again in Wunlit and evoke the spirit of Wunlit;
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: Page 1, We recognise with concern:
• The recent killings in cattle camps and at the border areas between our communities;

Page 1, We appeal:
• To youth in the cattle camps to maintain peace as we continue to work to rekindle the spirit of Wunlit;
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
Page 2, Therefore we resolve:
- That processes are urgently initiated and implemented to remove guns from the hands of the youth concurrently across communities to prevent further loss of life;
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, We recognise with concern:
- The absence of key chiefs missing from our meeting including those from Mayom and Gogrial due to the focus of the meeting on bringing together participants from the original Wunlit meeting;

Page 1, We appeal:
• To the Transitional Government of National Unity, Republic of South Sudan to keenly support grassroots peacebuilding activities across the country;
• For unity and peace in all of South Sudan;
• That the spirit of Wunlit and of dialogue should be spread across the whole of South

Page 2, Therefore we resolve:
- To continue and further our discussions during this meeting at our upcoming meeting in Yirol, Lakes State, with additional from the 1999 Wunlit Peace Conference;
- To reconvene a second Wunlit meeting bringing together all chiefs from across the three regions to convene once again in Wunlit and evoke the spirit of Wunlit;

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: https://riftvalley.net/news/what-happened-wunlit-reliving-south-sudans-most-successful-peace-conference

Statement of participants from Nyal meeting on Wunlit 1999 Peace Conference after 22 years

Nyal, 13 -14 May 2021

On 13 — 14 May, we the twenty-nine the representative chiefs and women from Unity State, Lakes State and Warrap State, members of the original Wunlit Peace Conference of 1999, brought together by the Rift Valley Institute and Assistance Mission for Africa, with support from the Swiss Government, met in Nyal, Payinjiar County, Unity State.

The objectives of the meeting were to:

• Receive the research findings from the Rift Valley Institute and Catholic University of

South Sudan oral history memory project on the 1999 Wunlit Peace Conference;

• Celebrate the achievements of Wunlit;

• Document proposed ways forward for South Sudan considering the lessons learnt from Wunlit.

In recent South Sudanese history one of the most significant peace-building events was the Wunlit Peace Conference of 1999.

Wunlit was a meeting of chiefs, organised by churches, that began the process of reunification of the two factions of the SPLA/M. The Wunlit meeting paved the way for the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005, which brought South Sudan into being as a nation.

This meeting in Nyal gave us the opportunity to reignite our memories of the Wunlit Peace Conference, which has inspired and encouraged us.

Therefore:

We acknowledge:

• The great successes of Wunlit that include — the reunification of the two factions of the SPLA/M, that subsequently led to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005 and the independence of South Sudan;

and the peaceful coexistence of communities in the Western Nile and the networking, collaboration and friendship that it brought between the traditional leaders who attended, which still stand today;

• Our commitment to the spirit and implementation of the R-ARCISS.

We recognise with concern:

• The absence of key chiefs missing from our meeting including those from Mayom and Gogrial due to the focus of the meeting on bringing together participants from the original Wunlit meeting;

• The recent killings in cattle camps and at the border areas between our communities;

• The prevalence of guns in the hands of our young people;

• The high rates Of illiteracy, disease and hunger in our communities;

• The lack of road infrastructure and telecommunications network in the Wunlit Triangle, particularly in Payinjiar.

We appeal:

• To youth in the cattle camps to maintain peace as we continue to work to rekindle the spirit of Wunlit;

• To all other political groups not under current government to negotiate and be under one flag Of South Sudan;

• To the Transitional Government of National Unity, Republic of South Sudan to keenly support grassroots peacebuilding activities across the country;

For unity and peace in all of South Sudan;

• That the spirit of Wunlit and of dialogue should be spread across the whole of South

Sudan;

• To all communities to stop and refuse revenge killings.

Therefore we resolve:

• To continue and further our discussions during this meeting at our upcoming meeting in Yirol, Lakes State, with additional from the 1999 Wunlit Peace Conference;

• To request a meeting with President Kiir and First Vice-President Riek Machar to discuss the issues of local conflict amongst our communities, through Ministry of Peacebuilding;

• That processes are urgently initiated and implemented to remove guns from the hands of the youth concurrently across communities to prevent further loss of life;

To reconvene a second Wunlit meeting bringing together all chiefs from across the three regions to convene once again in Wunlit and evoke the spirit of Wunlit;