Agreement between the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement in Government (SPLM-IG) and the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement / Army in Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) Kit-Gwang on Status of Forces

Export agreement:

Export agreement coding (PDF)

Country/entity: South Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Agreement between the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement in Government (SPLM-IG) and the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement / Army in Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) Kit-Gwang on Status of Forces
Date: 16 Jan 2022
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: South Sudan post-secession process
Parties: For the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-In Government

Hon. TUT GATLUAK MANIME

Presidential Advisor on National Security Affairs

For Sudan People's Liberation Movement /Army-In Opposition Kit Gwang

General Simon Gamech Dual

SPLM/A-IO Git Gwang Interim Chairman C-in-C

For SPLM/A-IO Kit Gwang

General Johnson Olony Thubo

SPLM/A-IO Git Gwang Deputy Interim Chairman C-in-C

For SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang

General Thomas Mabor Dhoal

SPLM/A-IO Git Gwang Member of Military Supreme Council
Third parties: Witnessed by:

General (psc):

Shams-Eldien Kabashi Ibrahim

Member of Sudan’s Transitional

Sovereignty Council
Description: The agreement provides for detailed recommitment to previous ceasefire agreements as part of Khartoum Declaration and substantively sets out the steps for identification and reintegration of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang forces. The agreement provides for the issuance of an amnesty, reintegration of opposition forces and displaced people. It puts in place details for a Joint Security Committee as an implementation mechanism and provides for the detailed logistics that the committee is to follow concerning assembly areas, lists of fighters from SPLM/A-IO as well as provisions to support displaced people.

Agreement document: SS_220116_ Agreement between the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement in Government (SPLM-IG) and the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement : Army in Opposition (SPLM:A-IO) Kit-Gwang on Status of Forces.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 2, 2: Permanent Ceasefire,
2.1 ... The parties shall further observe meticulously the said agreement throughout the Republic of South Sudan to ensure sustainable peace, facilitate operationalization of transitional Security Arrangements and the voluntary repatriation, resettlement, rehabilitation and reintegration of the returnees and internally displaced persons (IDPs).
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 2, 5: Logistics,
5.1 The SPLM-IG shall provide the necessary logistics (food items and medicines) by the South Sudan Peoples' Defence Forces (SSPDF) through relevant mechanisms.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 2, 2: Permanent Ceasefire,
2.1 ... The parties shall further observe meticulously the said agreement throughout the Republic of South Sudan to ensure sustainable peace, facilitate operationalization of transitional Security Arrangements

Page 2, 3: Period of Implementation of the Agreement,
3.2 After redeployment or relocation of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang forces from Magenis and following completion of the integration, police force shall be immediately deployed to provide protection and security services to the population in the area.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 2, 2. Permanent Ceasefire:
2.1 Parties recognize and recommit themselves to the ceasefire as per Khartoum Declaration of Agreement of June 27th 2018 which came into effect on July 1st 2018. The parties shall further observe meticulously the said agreement throughout the Republic of South Sudan to ensure sustainable peace, facilitate operationalization of transitional Security Arrangements and the voluntary repatriation, resettlement, rehabilitation and reintegration of the returnees and internally displaced persons (IDPs).
Police: Page 2, 3: Period of Implementation of the Agreement,
3.2 After redeployment or relocation of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang forces from Magenis and following completion of the integration, police force shall be immediately deployed to provide protection and security services to the population in the area.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
Page 2, 3: Period of Implementation of the Agreement,
3.1 The parties agreed that the period for implementation of this agreement shall be determined by the respective Joint Security Committee which shall be formed immediately after the signing of this agreement; however it shall not exceed a period of three months. The committee shall meet to agree on its Terms of Reference, identifies the assembly areas at Manyo, Southern Malakal, Eastern Jonglei and other areas and receives lists and parade of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang forces as well.

Page 2, 3: Period of Implementation of the Agreement,
3.2 After redeployment or relocation of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang forces from Magenis and following completion of the integration, police force shall be immediately deployed to provide protection and security services to the population in the area.

Page 2, 4: Establishment of Coordination Offices,
4.1. The SPLM-IG shall facilitate establishment of coordination offices in Juba, Malakal, and Bor towns to assist the processes of assembling and reintegration. These offices shall not be used for mobilization and recruitment purposes by the SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang.

Page 2, 5. Logistics.
5.1 The SPLM-IG shall provide the necessary logistics (food items and medicines) by the South Sudan Peoples' Defence Forces (SSPDF) through relevant mechanisms.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 2, 3: Period of Implementation of the Agreement,
3.1 The parties agreed that the period for implementation of this agreement shall be determined by the respective Joint Security Committee which shall be formed immediately after the signing of this agreement; however it shall not exceed a period of three months. The committee shall meet to agree on its Terms of Reference, identifies the assembly areas at Manyo, Southern Malakal, Eastern Jonglei and other areas and receives lists and parade of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang forces as well.

Page 2, 3: Period of Implementation of the Agreement,
3.2 After redeployment or relocation of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang forces from Magenis and following completion of the integration, police force shall be immediately deployed to provide protection and security services to the population in the area.

Page 2, 4: Establishment of Coordination Offices,
4.1. The SPLM-IG shall facilitate establishment of coordination offices in Juba, Malakal, and Bor towns to assist the processes of assembling and reintegration. These offices shall not be used for mobilization and recruitment purposes by the SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang.

Page 2, 5. Logistics.
5.1 The SPLM-IG shall provide the necessary logistics (food items and medicines) by the South Sudan Peoples' Defence Forces (SSPDF) through relevant mechanisms.

Page 3, 6. SPLM/-A10 Kit-Gwang Iligh-Level Delegation to Juba.
6.1. The SPI.M-IG welcomes the visit of an advance high-level delegation of SPI.M/A-IO Kit-Gwang to Juba, to further enhance trust building and ease operationalization of this agreement. SPI.M-IG shall be responsible of the logistics involved.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: Transitional justice→Amnesty/pardon→Amnesty/pardon proper
Page 1, 1: The Amnesty for SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang,
1.1 The President of the Republic of South Sudan shall issue the amnesty to the leadership and forces of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang as previously done on August 8th, 2018.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2, 3: Period of Implementation of the Agreement,
3.1 The parties agreed that the period for implementation of this agreement shall be determined by the respective Joint Security Committee which shall be formed immediately after the signing of this agreement; however it shall not exceed a period of three months. The committee shall meet to agree on its Terms of Reference, identifies the assembly areas at Manyo, Southern Malakal, Eastern Jonglei and other areas and receives lists and parade of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang forces as well.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: https://twitter.com/DengMachol/status/1482771512771887106/photo/1

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE SUDAN PEOPLES' LIBERATION MOVEMENT IN GOVERNMENT (SPLM-IG) AND THE SUDAN PEOPLES' LIBERATION MOVEMENT/ARMY-IN OPPOSITION (SPLM/A-IO) KIT-GWANG ON STATUS OF FORCES

PREAMBLE

Whereas H.F. President Abdulfatah Elburhan Abdulrahman, Chairman of Sudan's Transitional Sovereignty Council issued his directions for facilitation of direct meetings between the Representatives of the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement-ln Government (SPLM-IG) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army-In Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) KitGwang to discuss the issues under their mandate;

Whereas H.E president Salva Kiir Mayardit, General Simon Gatwech Dual and all other leaders of South Sudanese are fully cognizant of their historical responsibility at this crucial juncture of their country and determined to work together hand in hand for the sake of the South Sudanese people in pursuit of sustainable peace and stability;

Whereas the Parties shall be bound to all provisions Of the Revitalized Agreement for Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (R-ARCSS);

Whereas the SPLM-IG and the SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang commend the continuous role played by the Government of the Republic of the Sudan in facilitating this process;

Whereas the Parties aware of the suffering of the people of South Sudan and their eagerness for realization of durable peace and stability in the country;

We the undersigned, representatives of the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement In Government (SPLM-IG) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army-In Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) Kit-Gwang met here in Khartoum- Sudan, thoroughly discussed, agreed and recommit as follows:

1. The Amnesty for SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang:

1.1 The President of the Republic of South Sudan shall issue the amnesty to the leadership and forces of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang as previously done on August 8th, 2018.

2. Permanent Ceasefire:

2.1 Parties recognize and recommit themselves to the ceasefire as per Khartoum Declaration of Agreement of June 27th 2018 which came into effect on July 1st 2018.

The parties shall further observe meticulously the said agreement throughout the Republic of South Sudan to ensure sustainable peace, facilitate operationalization of transitional Security Arrangements and the voluntary repatriation, resettlement, rehabilitation and reintegration of the returnees and internally displaced persons (IDPs).

3. Period of Implementation of the Agreement.

3.1 The parties agreed that the period for implementation of this agreement shall be determined by the respective Joint Security Committee which shall be formed immediately after the signing of this agreement;

however it shall not exceed a period of three months.

The committee shall meet to agree on its Terms of Reference, identifies the assembly areas at Manyo, Southern Malakal, Eastern Jonglei and other areas and receives lists and parade of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang forces as well.

3.2 After redeployment or relocation of SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang forces from Magenis and following completion of the integration, police force shall be immediately deployed to provide protection and security services to the population in the area.

4. Establishment of Coordination Offices.

4.1. The SPLM-IG shall facilitate establishment of coordination offices in Juba, Malakal, and Bor towns to assist the processes of assembling and reintegration.

These offices shall not be used for mobilization and recruitment purposes by the SPLM/A-10 Kit-Gwang.

5. Logistics.

5.1 The SPLM-IG shall provide the necessary logistics (food items and medicines) by the South Sudan Peoples' Defence Forces (SSPDF) through relevant mechanisms.

6. SPLM/-A10 Kit-Gwang Iligh-Level Delegation to Juba.

6.1. The SPI.M-IG welcomes the visit of an advance high-level delegation of SPI.M/A-IO Kit-Gwang to Juba, to further enhance trust building and ease operationalization of this agreement.

SPI.M-IG shall bc responsible of the logistics involved.

Done Here in Khartoum, Sudan on this day 16" of January 2022 and signed by:

For the SPLM-IG

Hon. TUT GATLUAK MANIME

Presidential Advisor on National Security Affairs

For SPLM/A-lO Kit Gwang

General Simon Gamech Dual

SPLM/A-10 Git Gwang Interim Chairman C-in-C

For SPLM/A-lO Kit Gwang

General Johnson Olony Thubo

SPLM/A-10 Git Gwang Deputy Interim Chairman C-in-C

For SPLM/A-IO Kit-Gwang

General Thomas Mabor Dhoal

SPLM/A-10 Git Gwang Member of Military Supreme Council

Witnessed by:

General (psc):

Shams-Eldien Kabashi Ibrahim

Member of Sudan’s Transitional

SovereigntyCouncil