Agreement by the Government of the Philippines (GRP) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)

  • Country/entity
    Philippines
    Mindanao
  • Region
    Asia and Pacific
    Asia and Pacific
  • Agreement name
    Agreement by the Government of the Philippines (GRP) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
  • Date
    3 Sep 1997
  • Agreement status
    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement
    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level
    Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Philippine Insurgencies (1968 - ) )
  • Stage
    Pre-negotiation/process
  • Conflict nature
    Government/territory
  • Peace process
    Philippines - Mindanao process
  • Parties
    For the GRP: Maj. Gen. Joselin B. Nazareno, AFP, GRP Sub-Committee on Cessation of Hostilities (CCCH) Chairman; C/Supt. Franco M. Calida, PNP, GRP CCCH Member; For the MILF:
    Atty. Omar B. Umpar, MILF Sub-Committee on Cessation of Hostilities (CCCH) Acting Chairman and Legal Counsel; Saipoden O'Tony Falcono Tomawis, MILF CCCH Member
  • Third parties
    Witnessed by:
    Esmael S. Daulog, PNP, P/Sr. Superintendent;
    Capt. Rolando T. Garcia, PNP, GRP CCCH Member; Col. Manuel B. Ibanez Jr., PA, GRP CCCH Member; Col. Jose G. Corales, PA, GRP CCCH Member;
    Lt. Col. Rudy R. So, PA, GRP CCCH Member;
    Mgen. Oswaldo P. Villanueva (Ret.) GRP-Consultant;
    Baowi O'boyo Hashim, MILF CCCH Member;
    Aleem Usman Mangkabong, MILF CCCH Member;
    Abdul Nasser Tanggol, MILF Cease-fire Committee Member;
    Dan Dimaknal, MILF Cease-Fire Committee Member;
    Jannati Mimbantas, MILF Cease-Fire Committee Member;
    Abdulmanaf Mantawil, MILF Secretariat Technical Committee Chairman
  • Description
    This Agreement gives further substance to the general cessation of hostilities; the Parties agree to re-position military forces in order to hasten the return of evacuees, and the GRP will conduct law enforcement in consultation with the nearest MILF liaison in the area.


Groups

  • Children/youth

    No specific mention.

  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons
    Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
    Page 1, Preamble
    [...] Whereas, there is a need to further give meaning and substance to the general cessation of hostilities by hastening the return of the evacuees in Pikit, North Cotabato and Pagalungan, Maguindanao;

    Page 1, 2. The GRP and MILF shall encourage the return of evacuees to their respective residences. MILF elements who are residents of the area shall be allowed to return to their homes immediately, however, they will not establish military outposts/positions nor display firearms.
  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender

    No specific mention.

  • Men and boys
    Gender→Men and boys→Gender neutral wording
    Page 1, Preamble
    Know all men by these presents: [...]
  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)

    No specific mention.

  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections

    No specific mention.

  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.


Power sharing

  • Political power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general

    No specific mention.

  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.


Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication

    No specific mention.

  • Mobility/access

    No specific mention.

  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other

    No specific mention.


Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction

    No specific mention.

  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees

    No specific mention.

  • Ceasefire
    Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
    Page 1, Preamble
    Whereas, the Government of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) signed on July 18, 1997 in Cagayan de Oro City, the Agreement on a General Cessation of Hostilities;

    Page 1, Preamble
    [...] Whereas, there is a need to further give meaning and substance to the general cessation of hostilities by hastening the return of the evacuees in Pikit, North Cotabato and Pagalungan, Maguindanao;

    Page 1, Preamble
    [...] Now, therefore, the GRP-MILF Sub-Committee on Cessation of Hostilities agree, as they hereby agree, on the following:

    Page 1, 1. The GRP will gradually reposition its forces in Rajamuda and its environs to their original positions before June 16, 1997 and will continue to secure the Cotabato City-Davao City highway to insure the safety of travelers. The gradual repositioning of the GRP forces shall be completed within fifteen (15) days after the signing of this agreement;

    Page 1, 2. The GRP and MILF shall encourage the return of evacuees to their respective residences. MILF elements who are residents of the area shall be allowed to return to their homes immediately, however, they will not establish military outposts/positions nor display firearms.

    Page 1, 3. Law enforcement in the aforementioned areas shall be primarily undertaken by the GRP authorities, provided, however, that before the conduct thereof, prior coordination/consultation shall be made with the nearest MILF designated liaison in the area.
  • Police
    Page 1, 3. Law enforcement in the aforementioned areas shall be primarily undertaken by the GRP authorities, provided, however, that before the conduct thereof, prior coordination/consultation shall be made with the nearest MILF designated liaison in the area.
  • Armed forces
    Page 1, 1. The GRP will gradually reposition its forces in Rajamuda and its environs to their original positions before June 16, 1997 and will continue to secure the Cotabato City-Davao City highway to insure the safety of travelers. The gradual repositioning of the GRP forces shall be completed within fifteen (15) days after the signing of this agreement;
    2. The GRP and MILF shall encourage the return of evacuees to their respective residences. MILF elements who are residents of the area shall be allowed to return to their homes immediately, however, they will not establish military outposts/positions nor display firearms.
  • DDR
    Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
    Page 1, 2. The GRP and MILF shall encourage the return of evacuees to their respective residences. MILF elements who are residents of the area shall be allowed to return to their homes immediately, however, they will not establish military outposts/positions nor display firearms.
  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
    Page 1, 2. The GRP and MILF shall encourage the return of evacuees to their respective residences. MILF elements who are residents of the area shall be allowed to return to their homes immediately, however, they will not establish military outposts/positions nor display firearms.
  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.


Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims

    No specific mention.

  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation

    No specific mention.


Implementation

  • UN signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Other international signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Enforcement mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    GRP-MILF Peace Process: Compilation of Signed Agreements & other related Documents (1997-2010); (MILF Peace Panel/Asia Foundation, 2010), pp. 18-19.

Agreement by the Government of the Philippines (GRP) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS:

WHEREAS, the Government of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) signed on July 18, 1997

in Cagayan de Oro City, the Agreement on a General Cessation of Hostilities;

WHEREAS, there is a need to further give meaning and substance to the general cessation of hostilities by hastening the return of the evacuees in Pikit, North Cotabato and Pagalungan, Maguindanao;

NOW, THEREFORE, the GRP-MILF Sub-Committee on Cessation of Hostilities agree, as they hereby agree, on the following:

1. The GRP will gradually reposition its forces in Rajamuda and its environs to their original positions before June 16, 1997 and will continue to secure the Cotabato City-Davao City highway to insure the safety of travelers.

The gradual repositioning of the GRP forces shall be completed within fifteen (15) days after the signing of this agreement;

2. The GRP and MILF shall encourage the return of evacuees to their respective residences.

MILF elements who are residents of the area shall be allowed to return to their homes immediately, however, they will not establish military outposts/positions nor display firearms.

3. Law enforcement in the aforementioned areas shall be primarily undertaken by the GRP authorities, provided, however, that before the conduct thereof, prior coordination/consultation shall be made with the nearest MILF designated liaison in the area.

This Agreement shall take effect on the 4th day of September, 1997.

SO AGREED.

DONE in the City of Cotabato, Philippines, this 3rd day of September, 1997.