Framework for Intra-SPLM Dialogue

Export agreement:

Export agreement coding (PDF)

Country/entity: South Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Framework for Intra-SPLM Dialogue
Date: 20 Oct 2014
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: South Sudan post-secession process
Parties: Page 5. Cde. Daniel Awek Akot
Cde. Peter Adwok Nyaba
Cde. Pagan Amum Okiech
Third parties: Page 5. Agreement witnessed by: Cde. Abdulrahman Kinana
Description: Framework for dialogue within the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), setting out objectives, agenda, rules of engagement and the role of the facilitator, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), which is the ruling political party in Tanzania. Senior officials of rival factions of the SPLM signed the agreement.

Agreement document: SS_141020_Framework for Intra-SPLM Dialogue.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
Page 3, B. Principles, para 9. Commitment to the unity of SPLM as a safeguard against fragmentation of the country along ethnic and regional fault lines.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 3, B Principles, para 1. Commitment to uphold and protect the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of South Sudan;
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 2, A. Preamble, para 9. Appreciating the initiative of the leadership of the SPLM and Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) for convening this Intra-SPLM Dialogue, and further expressing gratitude for the decision of the CCM to host and facilitate the Dialogue and the support of Crisis Management Initiative (CMI);

Page 7. Annex Two, para 2. Update regional and international partners

Page 7. Annex Two, para 10. CCM invites the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) to provide advisory, technical expertise, logistical support and resource mobilization in collaboration with Tanzania.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 3, B Principles, para 2. Commitment to the core values of SPLM, including but not limited to peace, democracy, equality, freedome, inclusivity, social justice and unity in diversity;

Page 3, B. 5. Re-commitment to democratic principles and practices;
Page 3, B. 6. Re-commitment to internal democracy especially on matters of decision making, elections, succession and peaceful transfer of power;
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: Page 4, C Objectives, para 5. Develop mechanisms to generate resources and ensure their efficient management and to combat corruption.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 3, B Principles, para 4. Commitment to reconciliation and a healing process to consolidate party unity and cohesion;

Page 4, D Agenda, para 4. Reconciliation and healing in the Party

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Page 5. Witnessed by: Cde. Abdulrahman Kinana
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Davies, Shawn, Therese Pettersson & Magnus Öberg. 2022.South Sudan: Government. Available online at https://ucdpged.uu.se/peaceagreements/fulltext/SSD%2020141020.pdf Accessed 04/01/2023

Sudan Tribune. 2014. S. Sudanese rival factions sign framework agreement in Tanzania. October 21 2014. Available online at: https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/s-sudanese-rival-factions-sign-framework-agreement-tanzania

This agreement is part of the broader UCDP Peace Agreements Database, citation below:

Davies, Shawn, Therese Pettersson & Magnus Öberg. 2022. Organized violence 1989-2021 and drone warfare. Journal of Peace Research 59(4).

East African Legislative Assembly. 2022. Kinana, Abdulrahman. Available online at: https://www.eala.org/members/view/kinana-abdulrahman Acceseed 6.03.2023.

CMI Martti Ahtisaari Peace Foundation. 2023. About us. Available online at https://cmi.fi/ Accessed 6th March 2023.

Chama Cha Mapinduzi,

P. 0.

Box 50,

DODOMA,

TANZANIA.

SUDAN PEOPLE'S LIBERATION MOVEMENT (SPLM}

FRAMEWORK FOR INTRA-SPLM DIALOGUE

A. Preamble

B. Principles

C. Objectives

D. Agenda

E. Annexes

(i) Rules of Engagement

(ii) Role of the Facilitator

A) PREAMBLE:

Acknowledging that the current crisis in South Sudan is rooted in differences

within the SPLM leadership;

Re-affirming our commitment to the reunification of the Sudan People's

Liberation Movement and agreeing to continue to engage in the process of an

lntra-SPLM Dialogue in Arusha, Tanzania;

Mindful that the Arusha process is essentially separate and distinct from the IGAD

mediated peace talks among South Sudanese stakeholders;

Cognizant that the two processes, although separate, are mutually reinforcing;

Recognizing the tragic developments that have occurred in South Sudan since the

outbreak of conflict in December, 2013;

Rejecting the use of violence as a means of resolving political disputes;

Believing that a peaceful, political solution must be found to resolve the conflict;

Bearing in mind the need to bring about lasting peace to our nation through

dialogue on the basis of this framework document;

Appreciating the initiative of the leadership of the SPLM and Chama Cha

Mapinduzi (CCM) for convening this lntra-SPLM Dialogue, and further expressing

gratitude for the decision of the CCM to host and facilitate the Dialogue and the

support of Crisis Management lnitiative (CMI);

Now, therefore, agree to be guided by this Framework as detailed below:

B) PRINCIPLES:

1. Commitment to uphold and protect the sovereignty, independence and

territorial integrity of South Sudan;

2. Commitment to the core values of SPLM, including but not limited to peace,

democracy, equality, freedom, inclusivity, social justice and unity in

diversity;

3. Commitment to dialogue as a peaceful means of conflict resolution;

4. Commitment to reconciliation and a healing process to consolidate party

unity and cohesion;

5. Re-commitment to democratic principles and practices;

6. Re-commitment to internal democracy especially on matters of decision

making, elections, succession and peaceful transfer of power;

7. Re-commitment to transform the society by working towards the

achievement of freedom, justice, equality and prosperity for all;

8. Commitment to the institutionalization of authority, party governance and

discipline;

9. Commitment to the unity of SPLM as a safeguard against fragmentation of

the country along ethnic and regional fault lines.

C) OBJECTIVES:

1. Address the root causes of the current SPLM crisis in order to

expeditiously reconcile its leadership and membership to restore unity

and harmony in the party;

2. lnitiate measures to stop the war, lead the government and the people

of South Sudan towards peace, stability and prosperity;

3. Re-vitalize, re-organize, strengthen and restore the SPLM to its vision,

principles, political direction and core values;

4. Promote and foster the spirit and exercise of collective leadership based

on transparency and accountability;

and

5. Develop mechanisms to generate resources and ensure their efficient

management and to combat corruption.

D) AGENDA

1. Situation analysis

1.1. History and evolution of the SPLM:

self assessment and evaluation.

1.2. Synthesis of the problem

2. Experiences of Liberation Movements and CCM

2.1. Experiences of liberation movements

2.2. Experiences of CCM

2.3. Lessons learnt

3. The Way Forward

3.1. Political issues

3.2. Organizational issues

3.3. Leadership issues

4. Reconciliation and healing in the Party

5. Implementation mechanisms

6. Witnesses and Guarantors

E) Annexes

1. Rules of Engagement

2. Role of CCM (The Facilitator)

Signed by SPLM Comrades:

Cde. Daniel Awet Akot

Cde. agan Amum

Okiech

Cde. Peter Adwok

Nyaba

Witnessed by:

Cde. Abdulrahman Kinana

Dated October 20, 2014

Annex One

(i) Rules of Engagement:

o Civi lity

o Mut ual respect

o Honesty and frankness

o Confidentiality

o Listening to each other well and understanding the contexts properly

o Respect the right of individuals to express themselves no matter

what their points of view might be

o Avoid acrimonious approaches and finger pointing

o Avoid group defense and/or group attack

o Avoid polemics

o Have an agreed spokesperson, whose role is to communicate what is

agreed by the members

o Unless otherwise agreed, all discussions shall be confined within this Framework

AnnexTwo

(ii) Role of CCM (the Facilitator)

• Provide venue and facilities for the lntra-SPLM Dialogue

• Coordinate with the IGAD Special Envoys the timing of the two

processes

• Update regional and international partners

• Coordinate the process with the SPLM focal points

• Guide the discussions with the view to allow members to reach

consensus

• Declare the opening and closing of each session

• Set timetable of meetings in consultation with participants

• Organize sessions to share experiences of liberation movements and

CCM

• Record and announce decisions and conclusions arising from

meetings

• CCM invites the Crisis Management lnitiative (CMI) to provide

advisory, technical expertise, logistical support and resource

mobilization in collaboration with Tanzania.

• lnvite the Principals to meet at an appropriate stage in the process