Agreement on a Temporary Ceasefire and the Cessation of Other Hostile Acts on the Tajik-Afghan Border and within the Country for the Duration of the Talks [The Tehran Agreement]
Export agreement coding (PDF)Country/entity
TajikistanRegion
Europe and EurasiaAgreement name
Agreement on a Temporary Ceasefire and the Cessation of Other Hostile Acts on the Tajik-Afghan Border and within the Country for the Duration of the Talks [The Tehran Agreement]Date
17 Sep 1994Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreedInterim arrangement
YesAgreement/conflict level
Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( )Stage
Ceasefire/relatedConflict nature
GovernmentPeace process
Tajikistan peace processParties
Head of the delegation of the Republic of Tajikistan:
A. DOSTIEV
Head of the delegation of the Tajik opposition:
A. TURAJONZODAHThird parties
Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations: R. PÍRIZ-BALLÓNDescription
Parties agree to halt hostilities on Tajik-Afghan border and commit to prisoners release within one month of signing. The parties also agree to establish a Joint Commission to ensure effective implementation and monitoring of the agreement
Agreement document
Groups
- Children/youth
No specific mention.
- Disabled persons
No specific mention.
- Elderly/age
No specific mention.
- Migrant workers
No specific mention.
- Racial/ethnic/national group
No specific mention.
- Religious groupsGroups→Religious groups→RhetoricalPage 1, Annex I, Article 2
...
(f) The Parties shall refrain from using religion and the religious feelings of believers, as well as any ideology, for hostile purposes. - Indigenous people
No specific mention.
- Other groups
No specific mention.
- Refugees/displaced personsGroups→Refugees/displaced persons→RhetoricalPage 1, Annex I
The delegations of the leaders of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Tajik opposition (hereinafter referred to as “the Parties”), in the course of the consultations on national reconciliation held in Tehran from 12 to 17 September 1994 under United Nations auspices, as a major step towards a global political settlement of the conflict, national reconciliation and the solution of the problem of refugees, the constitutional system and the consolidation of the statehood of the independent and sovereign Republic of Tajikistan, have agreed: - Social class
No specific mention.
Gender
- Women, girls and gender
No specific mention.
- Men and boys
No specific mention.
- LGBTI
No specific mention.
- Family
No specific mention.
State definition
- Nature of state (general)
No specific mention.
- State configuration
No specific mention.
- Self determination
No specific mention.
- ReferendumPage 2, Annex I, Article 3
The Parties have agreed to a temporary cease-fire and the cessation of other hostile acts on the Tajik-Afghan border and within the country until the referendum on the draft of the new constitution and the election of the president of the Republic of Tajikistan, on the understanding that this is only a first step towards the achievement of national harmony and the settlement of all issues included in the agenda of the talks. - State symbols
No specific mention.
- Independence/secession
No specific mention.
- Accession/unification
No specific mention.
- Border delimitation
No specific mention.
- Cross-border provision
No specific mention.
Governance
- Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
- Elections
No specific mention.
- Electoral commission
No specific mention.
- Political parties reform
No specific mention.
- Civil societyPage 1, Annex I, Article 2
... (c) The prevention by the Parties of murders, the taking of hostages, unlawful arrest and detention, and acts of pillage against the civilian population and servicemen in the Republic and other countries; - Traditional/religious leaders
No specific mention.
- Public administration
No specific mention.
- ConstitutionGovernance→Constitution→Constitutional reform/makingPage 2, Annex I, Article 3
The Parties have agreed to a temporary cease-fire and the cessation of other hostile acts on the Tajik-Afghan border and within the country until the referendum on the draft of the new constitution and the election of the president of the Republic of Tajikistan, on the understanding that this is only a first step towards the achievement of national harmony and the settlement of all issues included in the agenda of the talks.
Power sharing
- Political power sharing
No specific mention.
- Territorial power sharing
No specific mention.
- Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
- Military power sharing
No specific mention.
Human rights and equality
- Human rights/RoL general
No specific mention.
- Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
- Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
- Civil and political rightsHuman rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Liberty and security of personPage 1, Annex I, Article 2
... (c) The prevention by the Parties of murders, the taking of hostages, unlawful arrest and detention, and acts of pillage against the civilian population and servicemen in the Republic and other countries; - Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.
Rights related issues
- Citizenship
No specific mention.
- Democracy
No specific mention.
- Detention procedures
No specific mention.
- Media and communicationRights related issues→Media and communication→Media rolesPage 1, Annex I, Article 2
...
(e) The cessation of the use of all forms of communication and mass media to undermine the process of national reconciliation; - Mobility/accessPage 1, Annex I, Article 2:
The Parties have agreed that the concept of “cessation of hostilities” shall include the following:
(a) The cessation by the Parties of all military activities, including all violations of the Tajik-Afghan border, offensive operations within the country, the shelling of adjacent territories, the conduct of all forms of military training, the redeployment of regular and irregular military formations in Tajikistan, which might result in the breakdown of this Agreement;
Note:The Collective Peace-keeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Russian troops in Tajikistan shall carry out their duties in keeping with the principle of neutrality, which is part of their mandate, and shall cooperate with United Nations military observers.
(b) The cessation by the Parties of acts of terrorism and sabotage on the Tajik- Afghan border, within the Republic and in other countries;
(c) The prevention by the Parties of murders, the taking of hostages, unlawful arrest and detention, and acts of pillage against the civilian population and servicemen in the Republic and other countries;
(d) The prevention of blockades of populated areas, national economic and military installations and of all means of communication;
...
Page 1, Annex I, Article 3:
The Parties have agreed to a temporary cease-fire and the cessation of other hostile acts on the Tajik-Afghan border and within the country until the referendum on the draft of the new constitution and the election of the president of the Republic of Tajikistan, on the understanding that this is only a first step towards the achievement of national harmony and the settlement of all issues included in the agenda of the talks. - Protection measures
No specific mention.
- Other
No specific mention.
Rights institutions
- NHRI
No specific mention.
- Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.
Justice sector reform
- Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
- State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
- Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
- Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
- Traditional Laws
No specific mention.
Socio-economic reconstruction
- Development or socio-economic reconstruction
No specific mention.
- National economic plan
No specific mention.
- Natural resources
No specific mention.
- International funds
No specific mention.
- Business
No specific mention.
- Taxation
No specific mention.
- Banks
No specific mention.
Land, property and environment
- Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
- Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
- Cultural heritage
No specific mention.
- Environment
No specific mention.
- Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.
Security sector
- Security Guarantees
No specific mention.
- CeasefireSecurity sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision(The entirety of this Agreement deals with ceasefire and and the Cessation of Other Hostile Acts)
Page 1, Annex I, Article 1
To halt, on a temporary basis, hostilities on the Tajik-Afghan border and within the country.
2.The Parties have agreed that the concept of “cessation of hostilities” shall include the following:
(a) The cessation by the Parties of all military activities, including all violations of the Tajik-Afghan border, offensive operations within the country, the shelling of adjacent territories, the conduct of all forms of military training, the redeployment of regular and irregular military formations in Tajikistan, which might result in the breakdown of this Agreement;
Note:The Collective Peace-keeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Russian troops in Tajikistan shall carry out their duties in keeping with the principle of neutrality, which is part of their mandate, and shall cooperate with United Nations military observers.
(b) The cessation by the Parties of acts of terrorism and sabotage on the Tajik- Afghan border, within the Republic and in other countries;
(c) The prevention by the Parties of murders, the taking of hostages, unlawful arrest and detention, and acts of pillage against the civilian population and servicemen in the Republic and other countries;
(d) The prevention of blockades of populated areas, national economic and military installations and of all means of communication;
(e) The cessation of the use of all forms of communication and mass media to undermine the process of national reconciliation;
(f) The Parties shall refrain from using religion and the religious feelings of believers, as well as any ideology, for hostile purposes.
Page 2, Annex I, Article 3
The Parties have agreed to a temporary cease-fire and the cessation of other hostile acts on the Tajik-Afghan border and within the country until the referendum on the draft of the new constitution and the election of the president of the Republic of Tajikistan, on the understanding that this is only a first step towards the achievement of national harmony and the settlement of all issues included in the agenda of the talks. - Police
No specific mention.
- Armed forces
No specific mention.
- DDR
No specific mention.
- Intelligence services
No specific mention.
- Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
No specific mention.
- Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
- Corruption
No specific mention.
- Crime/organised crime
No specific mention.
- Drugs
No specific mention.
- TerrorismPage 1, Annex I, Article 2:
The Parties have agreed that the concept of “cessation of hostilities” shall include the following:
....(b) The cessation by the Parties of acts of terrorism and sabotage on the Tajik- Afghan border, within the Republic and in other countries;
Transitional justice
- Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
- Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
- Courts
No specific mention.
- Mechanism
No specific mention.
- Prisoner releasePage 2, Annex I, Article 4
With a view to building confidence, the Parties have agreed that, within one month following the signing of this Agreement:
(a) The authorities of the Republic of Tajikistan shall release those who have been arrested and sentenced, in conformity with the list annexed hereto;
(b) The Tajik opposition shall release the prisoners of war in conformity with the list annexed hereto. - Vetting
No specific mention.
- Victims
No specific mention.
- Missing persons
No specific mention.
- Reparations
No specific mention.
- ReconciliationPage 1, Annex I
The delegations of the leaders of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Tajik opposition (hereinafter referred to as “the Parties”), in the course of the consultations on national reconciliation held in Tehran from 12 to 17 September 1994 under United Nations auspices, as a major step towards a global political settlement of the conflict, national reconciliation and the solution of the problem of refugees, the constitutional system and the consolidation of the statehood of the independent and sovereign Republic of Tajikistan, have agreed:
Page 1, Article 2
...
(e) The cessation of the use of all forms of communication and mass media to undermine the process of national reconciliation;
Implementation
- UN signatorySigned by R. PIRIZ-BALLON, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
- Other international signatorySpecial Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations:
R. PÍRIZ-BALLÓN - Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
- International mission/force/similarPage 2, Annex I, Article 5
With a view to ensuring the effective implementation of this Agreement, the Parties have agreed to establish a Joint Commission consisting of representatives of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Tajik opposition. The Parties request the Security Council of the United Nations to assist the work of the Commission by providing political mediation services and dispatching United Nations military observers to the areas of conflict.
Page 2, Article 6
This Agreement was signed at Tehran on 17 September 1994 and shall enter into force as soon as United Nations observers are deployed in Tajikistan - Enforcement mechanismPage 1, Annex I, Article 2
a. The Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the CIS and the Russian Troops in Tajikistan shall carry out their duties in keeping with the principle of neutrality, and cooperate with UN military observers.
Page 2, Article 5
With a view to ensuring the effective implementation of this Agreement, the Parties have agreed to establish a Joint Commission consisting of representatives of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Tajik opposition. The Parties request the Security Council of the United Nations to assist the work of the Commission by providing political mediation services and dispatching United Nations military observers to the areas of conflict. - Related cases
No specific mention.
- SourceUN Peacemaker:
http://peacemaker.un.org/
Agreement on a Temporary Cease-fire and the Cessation of Other Hostile Acts on the Tajik-Afghan Border and within the Country for the Duration of the Talks
The delegations of the leaders of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Tajik opposition (hereinafter referred to as "the Parties"), in the course of the
consultations on national reconciliation held in Tehran from 12 to 17 September 1994 under United Nations auspices, as a major step towards a
global political settlement of the conflict, national reconciliation and the solution of the problem of refugees, the constitutional system and the
consolidation of the statehood of the independent and sovereign Republic of Tajikistan, have agreed:
1. To halt, on a temporary basis, hostilities on the Tajik-Afghan border and within the country.
2. The Parties have agreed that the concept of "cessation of hostilities" shall include the following:
(a) The cessation by the Parties of all military activities, including all violations of the Tajik-Afghan border, offensive operations within the country,
the shelling of adjacent territories, the conduct of all forms of military training, the redeployment of regular and irregular military formations in
Tajikistan, which might result in the breakdown of this Agreement;
Note:
The Collective Peace-keeping Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Russian troops in Tajikistan shall carry out their duties in keeping with the principle of neutrality, which is part of their mandate, and shall cooperate with United Nations military observers.
(b) The cessation by the Parties of acts of terrorism and sabotage on the Tajik-Afghan border, within the Republic and in other countries;
(c) The prevention by the Parties of murders, the taking of hostages, unlawful arrest and detention, and acts of pillage against the civilian
population and servicemen in the Republic and other countries;
(d) The prevention of blockades of populated areas, national economic and military installations and of all means of communication;
(e) The cessation of the use of all forms of communication and mass media to undermine the process of national reconciliation;
(f) The Parties shall refrain from using religion and the religious feelings of believers, as well as any ideology, for hostile purposes.
3. The Parties have agreed to a temporary cease-fire and the cessation of other hostile acts on the Tajik-Afghan border and within the country until the referendum on the draft of the new constitution and the election of the president of the Republic of Tajikistan, on the understanding that this is only a first step towards the achievement of national harmony and the settlement of all issues included in the agenda of the talks.
4. With a view to building confidence, the Parties have agreed that, within one month following the signing of this Agreement:
(a) The authorities of the Republic of Tajikistan shall release those who have been arrested and sentenced, in conformity with the list annexed hereto;
(b) The Tajik opposition shall release the prisoners of war in conformity with the list annexed hereto.
5. With a view to ensuring the effective implementation of this Agreement, the Parties have agreed to establish a Joint Commission consisting of
representatives of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Tajik opposition.
The Parties request the Security Council of the United Nations to assist the work of the Commission by providing political mediation services and dispatching United Nations military observers to the areas of conflict.
6. This Agreement was signed at Tehran on 17 September 1994 and shall enter into force as soon as United Nations observers are deployed in Tajikistan.
Head of the delegation of the Republic of Tajikistan:
A. DOSTIEV
Head of the delegation of the Tajik opposition:
A. TURAJONZODAH
Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations:
R. PÍRIZ-BALLÓN