Agreement on Implementing the Cease-fire and on Modalities of Disarmament (Supplement to the General Agreement signed in Addis Ababa on 8 January 1993)

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Country/entity
Somalia
Region
Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name
Agreement on Implementing the Cease-fire and on Modalities of Disarmament (Supplement to the General Agreement signed in Addis Ababa on 8 January 1993)
Date
15 Jan 1993
Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement
Yes
Agreement/conflict level
Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Somali Civil War (1991 - ) )
Stage
Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature
Government
Peace process
Somalia Peace Process
Parties
Somali African Muki Org (SAMO), Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA), Somali Democratic Movement (SDM), Somali National Democratic Union (SNDU), Somali National Front (SNF), Somali National Union (SNU), Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM), Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM), United Somali Congress (USC), United Somali Front (USF), United Somali Party (USP)

Somali African Muki Org (SAMO), signed for by MR. Mohamed Ramadan Arbow, Chairman;

Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA), signed for by Mr. Mohamed Farah Abdullahi, Chairman;

Somali Democratic Movement (SDM), signed for by Mr. Abdi Muse Mayow, Chairman, and Col. Mohamed Nur Aliyou, Chairman;

Somali National Democratic Union (SNDU), signed for by Mr. Ali Ismael Abdi, Chairman;

Somali National Front (SNF), signed for by Gen. Omar Hagi Mohamed Hersi, Chairman;

Somali National Union (SNU), signed for by Dr. Mohamed Ragis Mohamed, Chairman;

Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM), signed for by Gen. Aden Abdillahi Noor, Chairman, and Col. Ahmed Omar Jess, Chairman;

Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), signed for by Gen. Mohamed Abshir Musse, Chairman;

Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM), signed for by Col. Abdi Warsame Isaaq, Chairman;

United Somali Congress (USC), signed for by Gen. Mohamed Farah Aidid, Chairman , and Mohamed Qanyare Afrah, Chairman;

United Somali Front (USF), signed for by Mr. Abdurahman Dualeh Ali, Chairman;

United Somali Party (USP) signed for by Mr. Mohamed Abdi Hashi, Chairman;
Third parties
UNITAF, ICRC, UN
Description
The parties agree to undertake a cease-fire; limit the movement of armed groups; and establish a UNITAF/UN cease-fire monitoring group.

Agreement document
SO_930115_AgreementOnImplementingTheCeasefireModalitiesOfDisarmament.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth
No specific mention.
Disabled persons
No specific mention.
Elderly/age
No specific mention.
Migrant workers
No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group
No specific mention.
Religious groups
No specific mention.
Indigenous people
No specific mention.
Other groups
No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons
No specific mention.
Social class
No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender
No specific mention.
Men and boys
No specific mention.
LGBTI
No specific mention.
Family
No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general)
No specific mention.
State configuration
No specific mention.
Self determination
No specific mention.
Referendum
No specific mention.
State symbols
No specific mention.
Independence/secession
No specific mention.
Accession/unification
No specific mention.
Border delimitation
No specific mention.
Cross-border provision
No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
Elections
No specific mention.
Electoral commission
No specific mention.
Political parties reform
No specific mention.
Civil society
No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders
No specific mention.
Public administration
No specific mention.
Constitution
No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing
No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing
No specific mention.
Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
Military power sharing
No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general
No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
Civil and political rights
No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship
No specific mention.
Democracy
No specific mention.
Detention procedures
No specific mention.
Media and communication
No specific mention.
Mobility/access
No specific mention.
Protection measures
No specific mention.
Other
No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI
No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions
Rights institutions→Regional or international human rights institutions→Monitoring calls
Page 2, IV. All POWs shall be freed and handed over to the International Committee
of the Red Cross and/or UNITAF.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
Traditional Laws
No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, I, Disarmament:
... I.4 All other armed elements, including bandits, shall be disarmed immediately and assisted through rehabilitation and integration into civil society.
National economic plan
No specific mention.
Natural resources
No specific mention.
International funds
Page 1, I. Disarmament:
... 1.2 The militias of all political movements shall be encamped in appropriate areas outside major towns where the encampment will not pose difficulties for peace. The encamped militias shall be disarmed following a process which will commence as soon as possible. This action shall be carried out simultaneously throughout Somalia. The international community will be requested to provide the encamped militias with upkeep.

1.3 The future status of the encamped militia shall be decided at the time of the final political settlement in Somalia. Meanwhile, the international community will be requested to assist in training them for civilian skills in preparation for possible demobilization.
Business
No specific mention.
Taxation
No specific mention.
Banks
No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
Cultural heritage
No specific mention.
Environment
No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees
No specific mention.
Ceasefire
Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Summary: Agreement provides clear provisions for ceasefire:
Police
No specific mention.
Armed forces
No specific mention.
DDR
Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
Page 1, untitled preamble, We, the undersigned Somali political leaders, meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on 15 January 1993 at the Informal Preparatory Meeting on National Reconciliation in Somalia:

Having agreed on the need for a viable and verifiable cease-fire to promote the peace process in Somalia;

Recognizing that such cease-fire is intricately linked to questions of disarmament;

Further recognizing that disarmament cannot be accomplished in a single event but through a sustained process;

Page 1, I. Disarmament

1.1 All heavy weaponry under the control of political movements shall be handed over to a cease-fire monitoring group for safekeeping until such time as a legitimate Somali Government can take them over.
This process shall commence immediately and be completed in March 1993.

1.2 The militias of all political movements shall be encamped in appropriate areas outside major towns where the encampment will not pose difficulties for peace. The encamped militias shall be disarmed following a process which will commence as soon as possible. This action shall be carried out simultaneously throughout Somalia. The international community will be requested to provide the encamped militias with upkeep .

1.3 The future status of the encamped militia shall be decided at the time of the final political settlement in Somalia . Meanwhile, the international community will be requested to assist in training them for civilian skills in preparation for possible demobilization.

1.4 All other armed elements, including bandits, shall be disarmed immediately and assisted through rehabilitation and integration into civil society.
Intelligence services
No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
Page 1, untitled preamble, We, the undersigned Somali political leaders, meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on 15 January 1993 at the Informal Preparatory Meeting on National Reconciliation in Somalia:

Having agreed on the need for a viable and verifiable cease-fire to promote the peace process in Somalia;

Recognizing that such cease-fire is intricately linked to questions of disarmament;

Further recognizing that disarmament cannot be accomplished in a single event but through a sustained process;

Page 1, I. Disarmament

1.1 All heavy weaponry under the control of political movements shall be handed over to a cease-fire monitoring group for safekeeping until such time as a legitimate Somali Government can take them over.
This process shall commence immediately and be completed in March 1993.

1.2 The militias of all political movements shall be encamped in appropriate areas outside major towns where the encampment will not pose difficulties for peace. The encamped militias shall be disarmed following a process which will commence as soon as possible. This action shall be carried out simultaneously throughout Somalia. The international community will be requested to provide the encamped militias with upkeep .

1.3 The future status of the encamped militia shall be decided at the time of the final political settlement in Somalia . Meanwhile, the international community will be requested to assist in training them for civilian skills in preparation for possible demobilization.

1.4 All other armed elements, including bandits, shall be disarmed immediately and assisted through rehabilitation and integration into civil society.
Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
Corruption
No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime
Page 1, 1.4 All other armed elements, including bandits, shall be disarmed immediately and assisted through rehabilitation and integration into civil society.
Drugs
No specific mention.
Terrorism
No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
Courts
No specific mention.
Mechanism
No specific mention.
Prisoner release
Page 2, IV. all POWs shall be freed and handed over to the ICRC and/or UNITAF (United Task Force- US Dept of Defence). This process shall commence immediately and be completed by 1 March 1993.
Vetting
No specific mention.
Victims
No specific mention.
Missing persons
No specific mention.
Reparations
Transitional justice→Reparations→Material reparations
Page 2, III. All sides agree in principle that properties unlawfully taken during the fighting shall be returned to the lawful owners. This shall be implemented as and when the situation allows.
Reconciliation
No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory
No specific mention.
Other international signatory
No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar
Page 2, II. Cease-fire monitoring group:
2.1 A cease-fire monitoring group comprising UNITAF/United Nations troops shall be established immediately. There shall also be a committee composed of representatives of the warring factions to interlocute with the monitoring group and observe the implementation of the agreement by UNITAF/United Nations troops.
Enforcement mechanism
No specific mention.
Related cases
No specific mention.
Source
UN Peacemaker - http://peacemaker.un.org; http://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/SO_930115_AgreementOnImplementingTheCeasefireModalitiesOfDisarmament.pdf

Annex III

Agreement on implementing the cease-fire and on modalities of disarmament

(Supplement to the General Agreement signed in Addis Ababa on 8 January 1993^

We, the undersigned Somali political leaders, meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on 15 January 1993 at the Informal Preparatory Meeting on National Reconciliation in Somalia;

Having agreed on the need for a viable and verifiable cease-fire to promte the peace process in Somalia;

Recognizing that such cease-fire is intricately linked to questions of disarmament;

Further recognizing that disarmament cannot be accomplished in a single event but through a sustained process;

Hereby agree on the following:

I. Disarmament

1.1 All heavy weaponry under the control of political movements shall be handed over to a cease-fire monitoring group for safekeeping until such time as a legitimate Somali Government can take them over.

This process shall commence immediately and be completed in

March 1993.

1.2 The militias of all political movements shall be encamped in appropriate areas outside major towns where the encampment will not pose difficulties for peace.

The encamped militias shall be disarmed following a process which will commence as soon as possible.

This action shall be carried out simultaneously throughout Somalia.

The international community will be requested to provide the encamped militias with upkeep.

1.3 The future status of the encamped militia shall be decided at the time of the final political settlement in Somalia.

Meanwhile, the international community will be requested to assist in training them for civilian skills in preparation for possible demobilization.

1.4 All other armed elements, including bandits, shall be disarmed immediately and assisted through rehabilitation and integration into civil society.

/...

Cease-fire monitoring group

2.1 A cease-fire monitoring group comprising UNITAF/United Nations troops shall be established immediately.

There shall also be a committee composed of representatives of the warring factions to interlocute with the monitoring group and observe the implementation of the agreement by UNITAF/United Nations troops.

All sides agree in principle that properties unlawfully taken during the fighting shall be returned to the lawful owners.

This shall be implemented as and when the situation allows.

All POWs shall be freed and handed over to the International Committee of the Red Cross and/or UHITAF.

This process shall commence immediately and be completed by 1 March 1993.

present agreement shall enter into effect on 15 January 1993.

Somali Africans Muki Organization (SAMO) Mr. Mohamed Ramadan Arbow, Chairman

Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA) Mr^Mohamed Farah.

Abdullahi, Chairman

Somali Democratic Movement (SDM) Mr. Abdi Muse Mayow, Chairman

Col. Mohamed Kur Aliyou, Chairman (s*\*.")

Somali National Democratic Union (SNDU) Mr. Ali Ismael Abdi, Chairman

Somali National Front (SNF)

General Omar Hagi Mohamed Hersi, Chairman

Somali National Union (SNU)

Dr. Mohamed Ragis Mohamed, Chairman

Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM) General Aden Abdillabi Noor, Chairman

Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM) (sna) Col.

Ahmed Omar Jess, Chairman

Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) General Mohamed Abshir Musse, Chairman

Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM) (sua) Col.

Abdi Warsame Isaaq, Chairman _

United Somali Congress (USC) (sna) General Mohamed Farah Aidid, Chairman

United Somali Congress (USC)

Mr. Mohamed Qanyare Afrab, Chairman

United Somali Front (USF)

Mr. Abdurahman Dualch Ali, Chairman

United Somali Party (USP)

Mr. Mohamed Abdi Hashi, Chairman

15 January 1993, Addis Ababa