Agreement on Permanent Ceasefire and Security Arrangements Implementation Modalities between the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/People's Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) During the Pre-interim and Interim Periods

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Country/entity: South Sudan
Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Agreement on Permanent Ceasefire and Security Arrangements Implementation Modalities between the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/People's Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) During the Pre-interim and Interim Periods
Date: 31 Dec 2004
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Sudanese (North-South) peace process
Parties: Lt. Gen. Mohamed Elhassan El Fadil, for the Government of Sudan; Cdr. Taban Deng Gai, for the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army
Third parties: WITNESSED BY: Lt. Gen. Lazaro K. Sum be iy wo (Rtd), Ambassador and Kenya Special Envoy for the Sudan Peace Process
Description: An agreement which establishes implementation modalities for a permanent ceasefire, entailing provisions for reform of armed forces, prisoner release, humanitarian assistance and DDR. The agreement also enlists significant international involvement in the established provisions.

Agreement document: SD_041231_Agmt on Permanent Ceasefire.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Rhetorical
Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.11. UNICEF, ICRC and other international organizations are called upon to assist in the child component of the DDR in the Sudan;
Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
Page 11, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 10. Violations:
10.1. The following acts shall constitute violations to this Agreement: 10.1.9. Recruitment of child soldiers.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 19. Optimal Size of the Armed Forces:
After the Completion of SAF redeployment to the North the parties shall being the negotiations on proportionate downsizing. Nonetheless, the parties shall allow voluntary demobilization, demobilization of nonessentials (child soldiers and elderly, disabled) during the first year of interim period.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.9. The demobilization of all child soldiers within six months of the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.10. The identification and registration within six months from the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of all children separated from their families for family tracing and ultimate reunification;
Disabled persons: Groups→Disabled persons→Substantive
Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 19. Optimal Size of the Armed Forces:
After the Completion of SAF redeployment to the North the parties shall being the negotiations on proportionate downsizing. Nonetheless, the parties shall allow voluntary demobilization, demobilization of nonessentials (child soldiers and elderly, disabled) during the first year of interim period.
Elderly/age: Groups→Elderly/age→Substantive
Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 19. Optimal Size of the Armed Forces:
After the Completion of SAF redeployment to the North the parties shall being the negotiations on proportionate downsizing. Nonetheless, the parties shall allow voluntary demobilization, demobilization of nonessentials (child soldiers and elderly, disabled) during the first year of interim period.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.10. The Parties shall commit themselves to render and facilitate humanitarian assistance through creation of conditions conducive to the provision of urgent humanitarian assistance to displaced persons, refugees and other affected persons and their right to return;

Page 30-31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.1. In order to facilitate the removal and withdrawal of the military and paramilitary forces from areas where they were previously located and in order to return societal order and harmony, in accordance with the law, in compliance with national and international acceptable standards and with accountability to the Courts and civil Administration, the police at the appropriate level during the ceasefire shall: [...]
22.1.4. Assist returning refugees, the displaced and other returnees to start a normal, stable and safe life in their respective communities;
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.8. The DDR programme shall be gender sensitive and shall encourage the participation of the communities and the civil society organizations with the view to strengthening their capacities to play their role in improving and sustaining the social and economic reintegration of former combatants.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: Page 10, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 9. Permitted Activities:
In view of negative consequences of war, the key principle that shall underpin permitted activities shall be to alleviate the effects of the war on the civilians and war-affected areas and to galvanize popular support for peace. Permitted activities shall therefore include: [...]
9.5. Free movement of unarmed soldiers in plain clothes who are on leave, medical referrals, or visiting their families;

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.10. The identification and registration within six months from the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of all children separated from their families for family tracing and ultimate reunification;

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.1. There shall be formed Joint/Integrated Units (hereinafter referred to as JIUs) during the pre-interim and the interim period from the SAF and the SPLA. This shall form the nucleus of the future Sudanese National Armed Forces (SNAF) should the result of the
referendum on the right of self-determination for the people of Southern Sudan confirm unity of the country.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 21. Funding of the Armed Forces:
21.2. The elected National Legislature during the Interim Period shall review and finally resolve the issue of the funding of the Sudan National Armed Forces (SNAF) so as to make unity of the Sudan an attractive choice in the referendum on self-determination by the people of Southern Sudan, and to create sound basis for the formation of the future army of the Sudan that shall be composed from the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the JIUs, should the result of referendum on self-determination confirm unity.
Referendum: Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.1. There shall be formed Joint/Integrated Units (hereinafter referred to as JIUs) during the pre-interim and the interim period from the SAF and the SPLA. This shall form the nucleus of the future Sudanese National Armed Forces (SNAF) should the result of the
referendum on the right of self-determination for the people of Southern Sudan confirm unity of the country.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.2. If the result of the referendum is in favour of secession of the South from the North, the JIUs shall dissolve with each component reverting to its mother Armed Forces to pave the way for the formation of the separate Armed Forces for the emerging states.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 21. Funding of the Armed Forces:
21.2. The elected National Legislature during the Interim Period shall review and finally resolve the issue of the funding of the Sudan National Armed Forces (SNAF) so as to make unity of the Sudan an attractive choice in the referendum on self-determination by the people of Southern Sudan, and to create sound basis for the formation of the future army of the Sudan that shall be composed from the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the JIUs, should the result of referendum on self-determination confirm unity.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.2. If the result of the referendum is in favour of secession of the South from the North, the JIUs shall dissolve with each component reverting to its mother Armed Forces to pave the way for the formation of the separate Armed Forces for the emerging states.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: Page 17, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.8. The CJMC shall compile necessary cartographical and mapping references which, once agreed to by the Parties, shall be used for the purposes of monitoring the
implementation of this Agreement. However, such cartographical and mapping references shall have no bearing whatsoever on the subsequent delineation of the 1/1/1956 North/South border by the adhoc border commission that the Parties will set up as part of the agreement on implementation modalities.
Cross-border provision: Page 3, Preamble:
MINDFUL of the fact that other related international conventions such as Article 52 UN Charter on regional arrangements for dealing with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action, the provisions of Article 3 of the African Union Charter which, inter alia, guarantee all Member States the right to their sovereignty and territorial integrity are all critical to the peace process, if strictly adhered to;

Page 14, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 12. Foreign Insurgency Groups:
12.1. The parties appreciate the threat and menace that the foreign insurgency groups pose on the security and stability of the Sudan and neighboring countries.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General references
Page 32, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.2. The national ownership of the process and that the capabilities of the National Institutions shall be built to effectively lead the overall DDR process; for this purpose efficient planning, implementation and supervisory institutions shall be established to operate as soon as possible.

Page 32, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.3. That the DDR process in the Sudan shall be led by recognized state institutions and international partners shall only play a supportive role to these institutions. The process shall be sustained through cooperation and coordination with local NGOs and active support from the international community by facilitating and extending material and technical assistance throughout the entire DDR process and the transition from war to peace.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.4. That no DDR planning, management or implementation activity shall take place outside the framework of the recognized interim and permanent DDR institutions referred to in paragraphs 25.1 and 25.2. hereunder.

Page 34, Part Three, DDR, 25. DDR Institutions:
25.1. To realize the best objective of the DDR process in the entire country, and to avoid any possibilities of relapsing into war, the Parties state their dedication to undertake timely steps to establish the following institutions to plan, manage and implement the DDR programmes:
25.1.1. The National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), with the prime responsibility of policy formulation, oversight, review, coordination and evaluation of the progress of the Northern and Southern Sudan DDR commissions referred to in 25.1.2 hereunder. The NDDRCC shall be appointed by and accountable to the Presidency.
25.1.2. The Northern Sudan DDR Commission (NDDRC) and the Southern Sudan DDR Commission (SDDRC) shall be mandated to design, implement and manage the DDR process at the northern and southern sub-national levels respectively.
25.1.3. The State DDR commissions shall be entrusted with the responsibility of implementation of the programmes at the state and local levels.

Page 36, Part Three, DDR, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
27.5. The Parties shall call upon the governments at all levels, civil societal organizations, political forces, national NGOs and international community to assist and facilitate the reconciliation process at grass root levels.
Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→Temporary new institutions
Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 21. Funding of the Armed Forces:
21.2. The elected National Legislature during the Interim Period shall review and finally resolve the issue of the funding of the Sudan National Armed Forces (SNAF) so as to make unity of the Sudan an attractive choice in the referendum on self-determination by the people of Southern Sudan, and to create sound basis for the formation of the future army of the Sudan that shall be composed from the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the JIUs, should the result of referendum on self-determination confirm unity.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 4, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.3. The Parties shall abide by ood overnance, democracy and foster civil society;

Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.9. The Parties shall involve the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in the process of arraning the release of POWs and other persons detained as a result of the war;

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.1. In accordance with Article 7 (a) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the Parties agree to expedite the process of incorporation and reintegration of armed groups allied to either Party, into their armed forces, other organized forces, the civil service and civil societal institutions.

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.3. In accordance with the Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period, no armed group allied to either party shall be allowed to operate outside the two forces. Other Armed Groups (OAGs) who have a desire and qualify shall be incorporated into the organized forces of either party (Army, Police, Prisons, and Wildlife Forces), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service and civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.7. Upon signature of this Agreement, the process of incorporation of individual members of all other armed groups, who desire and qualify shall start as soon as possible into the ranks of either SAF or SPLA or integrated into organized forces (police, prisons and wildlife services), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service or civil society institutions.

Page 14, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.12. The Southern Sudan DDR Commission shall continue the reintegration process of the demobilized and disarmed members of OAGs into the civil service and civil society institutions in Southern Sudan, with a follow up of the OAGs Collaborative Committee.

Page 30-31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.1. In order to facilitate the removal and withdrawal of the military and paramilitary forces from areas where they were previously located and in order to return societal order and harmony, in accordance with the law, in compliance with national and international acceptable standards and with accountability to the Courts and civil Administration, the police at the appropriate level during the ceasefire shall: [...]
22.1.12. Combat corruption at all levels of government and civil society; and

Part Two, 24.3 provides for the DDR process to be sustained through cooperation and coordination with local NGOs; 24.8 provides for the DDR programme to encourage the participation of the communities and civil society orgs with the view to strengthening their capacities to play their role in improving and sustaining the social and economic integration of former combatants; 27.5. The parties shall call on civil society orgs to assist and faciliate the reconciliation process at grassroots levels.

Page 32, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.3. That the DDR process in the Sudan shall be led by recognized state institutions and international partners shall only play a supportive role to these institutions. The process shall be sustained through cooperation and coordination with local NGOs and active support from the international community by facilitating and extending material and technical assistance throughout the entire DDR process and the transition from war to peace.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.6. Ex-combatants shall be treated equitably irrespective of their previous military affiliations; as well, they shall be empowered by provision of training and information to voluntarily choose their path to reintegration. The reintegration process shall be community based and equally benefits returnees and local communities.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.8. The DDR programme shall be gender sensitive and shall encourage the participation of the communities and the civil society organizations with the view to strengthening their capacities to play their role in improving and sustaining the social and economic reintegration of former combatants.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.11. UNICEF, ICRC and other international organizations are called upon to assist in the child component of the DDR in the Sudan;

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.12. That adequate financial and logistical support shall be mobilized by the international community including governments, governmental agencies, humanitarian organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 26. Previous Contractual Obligations:
Recognizing that both Parties have existing contractual arrangements with international organizations and agencies related to DDR, the Parties agree:
26.1. To commence a process of negotiations with these agencies and organizations to close down and transfer current DDR-related activities to the incoming DDR institutions.

Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 26. Previous Contractual Obligations:
26.2. That the interim DDR bodies shall undertake the task of leading and concluding these negotiations, and shoulder the operational responsibility of the activities thereafter.

Page 36, Part Three, DDR, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
27.5. The Parties shall call upon the governments at all levels, civil societal organizations, political forces, national NGOs and international community to assist and facilitate the reconciliation process at grass root levels.

Page 42, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 10. Release of POWs; Proposed time: DD+ 30 days; Responsible Authority: The parties and ICRC
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.1. In accordance with Article 7 (a) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the Parties agree to expedite the process of incorporation and reintegration of armed groups allied to either Party, into their armed forces, other organized forces, the civil service and civil societal institutions.

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.3. In accordance with the Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period, no armed group allied to either party shall be allowed to operate outside the two forces. Other Armed Groups (OAGs) who have a desire and qualify shall be incorporated into the organized forces of either party (Army, Police, Prisons, and Wildlife Forces), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service and civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.7. Upon signature of this Agreement, the process of incorporation of individual members of all other armed groups, who desire and qualify shall start as soon as possible into the ranks of either SAF or SPLA or integrated into organized forces (police, prisons and wildlife services), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service or civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.9. By D Day + 12 Months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee shall finish the incorporation process of OAGs members who desire and qualify into the armed forces of either Party and police, prisons, wildlife service and civil service.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.10. When the incorporation process of OAGs referred to above in subsection 11.9 is completed, the incorporated OAGs members shall not be allowed to decamp from one Party to the other nor to change from police, prisons, wildlife and civil service to the military.

Page 14, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.12. The Southern Sudan DDR Commission shall continue the reintegration process of the demobilized and disarmed members of OAGs into the civil service and civil society institutions in Southern Sudan, with a follow up of the OAGs Collaborative Committee.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.1. In order to facilitate the removal and withdrawal of the military and paramilitary forces from areas where they were previously located and in order to return societal order and harmony, in accordance with the law, in compliance with national and international acceptable standards and with accountability to the Courts and civil Administration, the police at the appropriate level during the ceasefire shall: [...]
Constitution: Governance→Constitution→Constitutional reform/making
Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.5. The involvement of the Armed Forces as defined in sub-section 16.4 above, in constitutionally specified emergencies, shall be determined in the Interim Constitution.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: Power sharing→Economic power sharing→Sharing of resources
Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 21. Funding of the Armed Forces:
21.1. During the Interim Period, SAF forces and JIUs shall be funded by the National Government, whereas the SPLA forces shall be funded by the Government of Southern Sudan, subject to the principle of proportional downsizing as per Security Arrangements Protocol and the approval of Southern Sudan Legislature. To meet this obligation, the Government of Southern Sudan shall raise financial resources from both local and foreign sources and seek international assistance. These financial resources shall be channeled through the Bank of Southern Sudan and managed according to the principles of Wealth Sharing Protocol.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 21. Funding of the Armed Forces:
21.2. The elected National Legislature during the Interim Period shall review and finally resolve the issue of the funding of the Sudan National Armed Forces (SNAF) so as to make unity of the Sudan an attractive choice in the referendum on self-determination by the people of Southern Sudan, and to create sound basis for the formation of the future army of the Sudan that shall be composed from the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the JIUs, should the result of referendum on self-determination confirm unity.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Merger of forces
Page 7, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.1 Phase I: The Pre-interim Period duration 6 months (D-day to D-day + 6 months) ceasefire activities shall start (as per attached lists), including the redeployment of SAF from the South to the North, the beginning of the Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-integration and Reconciliation (DDRR), the redeployment of SPLA forces from Eastern Sudan, the formation, co-location in training centres, training of the Joint/Integrated Units (JIUs) and the UN monitoring.

Page 7, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.2 Phase II: First half of the Interim Period duration 36 months (D-day+ 6 months to D-day + 42 months). This phase shall cover the completion of deployment of the
JIUs, redeployment of the SPLA forces from the Eastern Sudan to the south, redeployment of the SPLA forces from Nuba Mountains and Southern Blue Nile to the south and redeployment of SAF from the South to the North. The DDR activities shall continue. The negotiations on proportionate downsizing shall also start at this phase.

Page 8, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.3 Phase III: Second half of the Interim Period duration 36 months (D-day + 42 months to D-day + 78 months). Continuation of DDR process, training and the monitoring process. Development of plans and modalities of transforming the JIUs into integrated ones.

Page 8, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.4 Phase IV: Post Interim Period duration 6 months ( D- day + 78 months to D-day + 84 months). Formation of Sudan National Armed Forces (SNAF) in case of unity or dissolution of JIUs in case of secession.

Page 20, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.1. Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-sections 1 (b) and 4.1(b) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the mission and mandate for Sudan Armed Forces (SAF), Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Joint/Integrated Forces within their respective areas of deployment during the interim period shall clearly be specified within the first year of the interim period by the Joint Defence Board subject
to the approval of the Presidency.

Page 20-21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.2. Without prejudice to sub-section 16.1 above, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Joint/Integrated Units (JIUs) shall be charged with the mission of defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Sudan during the interim period.

Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.6. The Parties shall jointly develop a code of conduct for the members of all armed forces based on the common military doctrine that shall be developed as stipulated for in section 6 of the Agreement on Security Arrangements.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.1. There shall be formed Joint/Integrated Units (hereinafter referred to as JIUs) during the pre-interim and the interim period from the SAF and the SPLA. This shall form the nucleus of the future Sudanese National Armed Forces (SNAF) should the result of the
referendum on the right of self-determination for the people of Southern Sudan confirm unity of the country.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.2. If the result of the referendum is in favour of secession of the South from the North, the JIUs shall dissolve with each component reverting to its mother Armed Forces to pave the way for the formation of the separate Armed Forces for the emerging states.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.3. Notwithstanding sub-Sections 20.10.1, 20.10.2, 20.10.3, 20.10.4, and 20.10.5, formation, training, tasking and deployment of JIUs formations and sub-formations shall be completed not later than D-day + 21 months.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.4. At the initial stage of the formation of the JIUs, SAF component shall be liable to relief "after two years of deployment". Nonetheless, they shall be locked-in by D-day + 33 months.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.5. At the inception, the JIUs shall remain in their joint form. However, the process of full integration shall be completed by D-day + 52 months.

Page 25, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.8. The JIUs personnel shall be treated equally. There shall be uniformity in welfare, salaries, emoluments, pensions rights, supplies, armament, and equipment.

Page 25, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.9. The Parties have further discussed the issue of establishing JIUs in Eastern Sudan and have decided to continue discussing the issue during the Interim Period and resolve it as they deem fit.

Page 25, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.10 Training of the Joint Integrated Units: 20.10.1. Both Armed Forces (SAF and SPLA) shall complete selection and organization of officers, Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) and men for the JIUs within three months from the beginning of the pre-interim period.

Page 25, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.10 Training of the Joint Integrated Units: 20.10.2. Notwithstanding sub-section 20.3 above, the JIUs components from both Parties shall be formed within three months from the pre-interim period and co-locate in their various training centres to be trained for not less than six months after which they shall be tasked and deployed.

Page 25, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.10 Training of the Joint Integrated Units: 20.10.3. There shall be developed as soon as practicable a joint doctrine, code of conduct, as well as disciplinary laws, regulations, and standing operating procedures to govern the JIUs general training policies, programmes, disciplinary scopes and behavioral patterns.

Page 25, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.10 Training of the Joint Integrated Units: 20.10.4. In view of special status of Khartoum and Juba, the JIUs Command shall allot tasks to the JIUs contingents that shall be deployed to these cities by the end of the pre-interim period after completion of initial joint training session that shall not exceed three months. Nonetheless, the JIUs command shall organize further training sessions for these contingents in accordance to JIUs training policy and programmes.

Page 26, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.10 Training of the Joint Integrated Units: 20.10.5. The parties shall appeal to the international community to render additional technical, material and financial support to assist in forming and training the JIUs.

Page 27, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.13. The JIUs Composition and organization: 20.13.1 Composition:
20.13.1.1. The JIUs shall initially be formed from SAF and SPLA, out of their ground forces;
20.13.1.2. By D-Day + 12 months, SPLA nominated personnel shall commence training in the service arms of the Airforce, Navy and Air Defence, so as to make available SPLA contribution to the JIUs Service Arms which shall be established as per sub-section 20.13.1.3 below;
20.13.1.3. By D-Day+36 months, the first JIUs service arms unit shall be established, others shall follow according to the graduation of qualified SPLA JIUs personnel as
determined by the JDB, further training may continue according to the needs as may be decided by the JDB;
20.13.1.4. SAF component of the JIUs service arms shall be nominated and assigned as soon as the SPLA component of JIUs service arms is trained and graduated;
20.13.1.5. JIUs Service Arms of the Airforce, Navy and Air Defence shall be part of the overall number of forces of the JIUs already agreed to by the Parties.

Page 27-28, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.13. The JIUs Composition and organization: 20.13.2 Organization: 20.13.2.1. The higher JIUs formation shall be division (see organizational structure attached as annexure 3). Thus, there shall be formed five JIUs division and one independent brigade as follows:
a) 1st Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 9000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in Equatoria area.
b) 2nd Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 8000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in Upper Nile area.
c) 3rd Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 7000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in Bahr el Ghazal area.
d) 4th Infantry Division (unlike the other divisions, both 4th and 5th
Infantry divisions are under-strength divisions) which shall have a total strength of 6000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in southern Blue Nile.
e) 5th Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 6000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains.
f) Independent Brigade which shall be deployed in Khartoum with the total strength of 3000 officers, NCOs and men.

Page 28, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.13. The JIUs Composition and organization: 20.13.2 Organization: 20.13.2.2.There shall be formed a JIU Infantry Battalion (Inf. Bn.) for Abyei Area whose strenth shall be in accordance with JIUs standards. It shall be deployed in Abyei area and attached to
3rd Infantry Division.

Page 28, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.13. The JIUs Composition and organization: 20.13.2 Organization: 20.13.2.3. Infantry brigades, of not more than 3000 troops each, to compose of:
i. Brigade Command;
ii. Brigade HQ Company;
iii. Two to four infantry Battalions;
iv. Armored, artillery, engineering, transport, signal and medical corps.

Page 28, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.13. The JIUs Composition and organization: 20.13.2 Organization: 20.13.2.4. The infantry battalion shall compose of:
i. Battalion Command;
ii. Battalion HQ Company;
iii. Two to four infantry companies;
iv. Support Company.

Page 28, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.13. The JIUs Composition and organization: 20.13.2 Organization: 20.13.2.5. JIUs battalion shall be formed of two SAF companies and two SPLA companies, whereas the HQs Company and the support company shall be mixed. The size of the forces in each locality shall not exceed one infantry battalion.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.6. Khartoum Independent Brigade: There shall be one JIUs Brigade in Khartoum that shall be deployed with the Republican Guard in Soba. The VIP Protection Force is located according to the Presidential Unit, and Capital Security Force in Jebel Awlia'a.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.7. The Parties agree that the JIUs shall protect the oilfields as provided in sub-section 20.14.2 and the oil installations shall be demilitarized. In case of any threat to the oil installations, the JDB shall decide on the appropriate and necessary measures.

[Annex 2 Summary: Page 41-45, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities - this Annex provides for inter-related ceasefire activities, DDR activities, and establishment of the JIUs with proposed time implementation of the activities, as well as the authorities responsible for the specified activities during the Pre-Interim Period, the First half of the Interim period, the Second half of the Interim Period, and the Post Interim Period.]

[Annex 3 Summary: Page 46-50, Annex 3: Structure of Infantry Division, Brigade and Battalion - this Annex provides diagrams for Infantry Divisions HQs, the Brigade Structure, the Infantry Battalion Structure, as well as a table with numerical detail on the Structure of Infantry Battalion (NCOs and File).]
Power sharing→Military power sharing→Joint command structures
Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.1. The JDB shall be composed and structured on parity basis and take its decisions by consensus. It shall be composed of the Chiefs of Staff of SAF and SPLA, their deputies and four senior officers from each party.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.5. The two Commanders in Chief shall appoint the Commander and the deputy commander of the JIUs who shall be ex officio members of the JDB.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.6. In the event of any external or internal threat, the JDB shall, subject to section 16.2 above, decide on how to address the situation. The JDB shall decide whether all forces, the JIUs or either force (SAF and SPLA) shall handle the threat alone or collectively. The JDB may also decide on the appropriate support and reinforcements that other forces shall lend to the forces facing direct threat and aggression. In a joint operation, JDB shall determine lead HQS for that operation.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.7. The JDB shall be entrusted to work out a comprehensive framework for confidence building. Confidence building measures between the SAF and SPLA may include exchanging visits, organizing cultural and sport events, convening of joint training courses, and participating in national and religious celebrations and any other activities that shall
help in building confidence.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.8. The JDB shall form a committee to lay down the principles of the future Sudan National Armed Forces, should the result of the referendum on self-determination confirm unity.

Page 24-25, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.6. The JIUs as per Agreement on Security Arrangements shall fall under the command of the Joint Defence Board (JDB). Nevertheless, the two Commanders-in-Chief shall appoint the commander and deputy commander for the JIUs as the highest level who shall, by virtue of their positions, be members of the JDB. They shall oversee routine command matters of the JIUs in accordance to authority conferment by the JDB.

Page 25, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.7. The JIUs command shall be exercised on parity basis between SAF and the SPLA officers with alternation of roles at the uppermost and other levels of command.

Page 26, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.11. JIUs Command and Control: The JIUs Headquarters is under command of JDB and shall be located in Juba. The JIUs command shall perform among other things, the following duties and responsibilities:
20.11.1. Command of the JIUs formations and units;
20.11.2. Promotion of mutual cooperation between the JIUs, SAF and SPLA at all command levels;
20.11.3. Coordination of supply and replenishments plans with the
JDB;
20.11.4. Implementation of the JDB plans, policies, programmes and directives pertaining to the JIUs;
20.11.5. Appointment and transfer of JIUs officers within the discretion of the JIUs command;
20.11.6. Create and promote confidence building measures;
20.11.7. Development and execution of training programmes for the JIUs;
20.11.8. Coordination with the CPC;
20.11.9. Resolution of disputes that may arise within the JIUs jurisdiction.

Page 26, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.12. The JIUs Commanders shall exercise the following authority/responsibility:
20.12.1. Command and control of JIUs in their respective areas of command;
20.12.2. Implementation of and compliance with the directives of the JIUs Higher Headquarters;
20.12.3. Implement confidence building policies of the higher headquarters as well as create and promote confidence building measures within their power as shall be desirable;
20.12.4. Development and execution of training programmes within their command jurisdiction;
20.12.5. Performance of any other duties that may be conferred upon them by the higher headquarters.
Power sharing→Military power sharing→Proportionality
14.6.3. The CJMC shall be a military decision making body and shall be composed of: 14.6.3.1. The Force Commander of the UN Monitoring Mission (Chair), 14.6.3.2. The Deputy Force Commander from countries acceptable to the Parties. Considering that the official working languages in Sudan are Arabic and English; 14.6.3.3. Three officers from SAF with ranks not less than Colonel; 14.6.3.4. Three senior officers from SPLA; 14.6.3.5. Officer in charge of national security at that level; 14.6.3.6. One senior police officer at the level of Southern Sudan.
14.7.1 The AJMC that shall be established in Juba, Malakal,Wau, Kaduli, Abyei, Damazien or Kurmuk, and shall be composed as follows:
14.7.1.1 The most senior UN Officer in the Area, Chairperson; 14.7.1.2 Equal number of senior officers from SAF and SPLA; 14.7.1.3 UN monitors.
14.8.3. A JMT shall be composed of UN senior officer at that level, international monitors, equal number of officers from SAF and SPLA.

17.1. The JDB [Joint Defence Board] shall be composed and structured on parity basis and take its decisions by consensus. It shall be composed of the Chiefs of Staff of SAF and SPLA, their deputies and four senior officers from each party.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.3. The two Armed Forces and the JIUs shall be regular, professional, and non-partisan armed forces. They shall respect the rule of law and civilian government, democracy, basic human rights, and the will of the people.

Page 31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.5. The Parties call upon the international community to assist in the areas of training, establishment and capacity building of police and other law enforcement agencies for the sustenance of peace and rule of law;

Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
27.3. Humanitarian law and civil and political rights shall be closely observed.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: Page 3, Preamble:
MINDFUL of the fact that other related international conventions such as Article 52 UN Charter on regional arrangements for dealing with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action, the provisions of Article 3 of the African Union Charter which, inter alia, guarantee all Member States the right to their sovereignty and territorial integrity are all critical to the peace process, if strictly adhered to;

Page 11, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 10. Violations:
10.1. The following acts shall constitute violations to this Agreement: [...] 10.1.6. Violation of human rights, humanitarian law and obstruction of freedom of movement;

Page 19, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.1. The Parties agree to request the United Nations to constitute a lean, effective, sustainable and affordable UN Peace Support Mission to monitor and verify this Agreement and to support the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement as provided for under Chapter VI of the UN Charter;

Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
27.3. Humanitarian law and civil and political rights shall be closely observed.
Civil and political rights: Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Equality
Page 25, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.8. The JIUs personnel shall be treated equally. There shall be uniformity in welfare, salaries, emoluments, pensions rights, supplies, armament, and equipment.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.5. Fairness, transparency, equitability and consistency for determining the eligibility of ex-combatants targeted for assistance.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.6. Ex-combatants shall be treated equitably irrespective of their previous military affiliations; as well, they shall be empowered by provision of training and information to voluntarily choose their path to reintegration. The reintegration process shall be community based and equally benefits returnees and local communities.

Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
27.4. Collateral, secondary agreements and legislation shall not contradict this Agreement and shall be equally binding on the Parties.
Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Freedom of association
Page 12-13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.5. The OAGs CC shall, inter alia, perform the following functions:
11.5.2. Ensure freedom of choice for all OAGs personnel as to the party they so desire to be incorporated in; [...]

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.8. By D Day + 6 months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee after ascertaining the strength and armament conditions of OAGs units, shall ensure freedom of choice for all OAGs members to join either Party they so desire to be incorporated in, provided that no other armed groups shall continue to have a separate existence outside the command of either SAF or SPLA.
Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Thought, opinion, conscience and religion
Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 10. Violations:
10.4. Without prejudice to the freedom of press and media, the Parties agree to set up a Joint Media Committee upon signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement to establish guidelines for the media and press to enhance conducive environment for the smooth implementation of the ceasefire.
Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Other
Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.10. The Parties shall commit themselves to render and facilitate humanitarian assistance through creation of conditions conducive to the provision of urgent humanitarian assistance to displaced persons, refugees and other affected persons and their right to return;
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 4, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.3. The Parties shall abide by ood overnance, democracy and foster civil society;

Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.3. The two Armed Forces and the JIUs shall be regular, professional, and non-partisan armed forces. They shall respect the rule of law and civilian government, democracy, basic human rights, and the will of the people.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
Page 6, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 5. Principles of the Ceasefire:
5.3. The permanent cessation of hostilities shall include final termination of the following activities: [...]
5.3.6. Hostile propaganda from inside or outside the country;

Page 11, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 10. Violations:
10.1. The following acts shall constitute violations to this Agreement: [...]
10.1.7. Hostile propaganda and media warfare;

Page 11, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 10. Violations:
10.2 In event of any violation to provisions of this Agreement, the CJMC will determine appropriate disciplinary measures which may include, where appropriate, the following:
10.2.1. Publicizing or mentioning the parties that took part in the violations;

Page 11, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 10. Violations:
10.3. The hostile propaganda as provided in sub-section 10.1.7 above shall be comprehensively monitored by CJMC as part of the ceasefire monitoring process;

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 10. Violations:
10.4. Without prejudice to the freedom of press and media, the Parties agree to set up a Joint Media Committee upon signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement to establish guidelines for the media and press to enhance conducive environment for the smooth implementation of the ceasefire.

Page 16-17, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.5. The CJMC shall have the following functions:
14.6.5.13. Dissemination of information about this Agreement;

Page 17, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.5. The CJMC shall have the following functions: 14.6.6. Decisions reached by the CJMC shall be communicated down through the individual chains of command and reported up to the CPC.

Page 42, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Maior Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 6. Cessation of hostilities, including
cessation of hostile propaganda; Proposed time: D-Day D-Day+ 72 hours; Responsible Authority: The two parties

Page 42, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Maior Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 7. Establishment of Joint Media
Committee; Proposed time: D-Day D-Day+ 72 hours; Responsible Authority: The two parties
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Other
Page 19, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.3. International monitoring shall be carried out by UN, considering that the official working languages in Sudan are Arabic and English, who may make the use of the services of UN protection unit. The size of the UN Peace Support Mission, including any UN force protection element, shall be determined by the UN in consultation with the Parties.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.6. Khartoum Independent Brigade: There shall be one JIUs Brigade in Khartoum that shall be deployed with the Republican Guard in Soba. The VIP Protection Force is located according to the Presidential Unit, and Capital Security Force in Jebel Awlia'a.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.7. The Parties agree that the JIUs shall protect the oilfields as provided in sub-section 20.14.2 and the oil installations shall be demilitarized. In case of any threat to the oil installations, the JDB shall decide on the appropriate and necessary measures.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: Justice sector reform→Criminal justice and emergency law→Reform to specific laws
Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
27.1. Upon signature of the comprehensive peace agreement, the Parties shall: [...]
27.1.2. agree to lifting the state of emergency in the Sudan except in areas where conditions do not permit;
State of emergency provisions: Page 22, PART TWO, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
… 16.5. The involvement of the Armed Forces as defined in sub-section 16.4 above, in constitutionally specified emergencies, shall be determined in the Interim Constitution.

Page 35, PART THREE, Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-Integration and
Reconciliation, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
… 27.1.2. agree to lifting the state of emergency in the Sudan except in areas where conditions do not permit;

Page 42, Pre-interim period: [Summary] Table contains a schedule of sequencing events. Mentions, ‘lifting of state of emergency in ceasefire zone’.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.3. In accordance with the Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period, no armed group allied to either party shall be allowed to operate outside the two forces. Other Armed Groups (OAGs) who have a desire and qualify shall be incorporated into the organized forces of either party (Army, Police, Prisons, and Wildlife Forces), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service and civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.7. Upon signature of this Agreement, the process of incorporation of individual members of all other armed groups, who desire and qualify shall start as soon as possible into the ranks of either SAF or SPLA or integrated into organized forces (police, prisons and wildlife services), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service or civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.9. By D Day + 12 Months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee shall finish the incorporation process of OAGs members who desire and qualify into the armed forces of either Party and police, prisons, wildlife service and civil service.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.10. When the incorporation process of OAGs referred to above in subsection 11.9 is completed, the incorporated OAGs members shall not be allowed to decamp from one Party to the other nor to change from police, prisons, wildlife and civil service to the military.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 4, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.6. The Ceasefire Agreement shall guarantee the free movement of people, goods and services throughout Sudan;

Page 10, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 9. Permitted Activities:
In view of negative consequences of war, the key principle that shall underpin permitted activities shall be to alleviate the effects of the war on the civilians and war-affected areas and to galvanize popular support for peace. Permitted activities shall therefore include:;

9.4. Socioeconomic activities such as assisting free movement of people, goods and services;
9.5. Free movement of unarmed soldiers in plain clothes who are on leave, medical referrals, or visiting their families;

Page 32, Part Three, Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-Integration and Reconciliation
23. Objectives: 23.1 The overarching objective of the DDR process is to contribute to creating an enabling environment to human security and to support post-peace-agreement social stabilization across the Sudan, particularly war affected areas.

Page 34-35, Part Three, DDR, 25. DDR Institutions:
25.2. Until the aforementioned institutions are established the Parties agree to put in place Interim DDR bodies to: 25.2.8. Prepare in collaboration with the international actors data collection, including socio-economic surveys in the areas where the DDR programmes will be implemented and undertake needs assessment to provide data on target groups.
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.10. The Parties shall commit themselves to render and facilitate humanitarian assistance through creation of conditions conducive to the provision of urgent humanitarian assistance to displaced persons, refugees and other affected persons and their right to return;

Page 10, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 9. Permitted Activities:
In view of negative consequences of war, the key principle that shall underpin permitted activities shall be to alleviate the effects of the war on the civilians and war-affected areas and to galvanize popular support for peace. Permitted activities shall therefore include:

9.3. Humanitarian activities such as securing unimpeded access to humanitarian relief according to agreed regulations;
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
Page 10, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 9. Permitted Activities:
In view of negative consequences of war, the key principle that shall underpin permitted activities shall be to alleviate the effects of the war on the civilians and war-affected areas and to galvanize popular support for peace. Permitted activities shall therefore include:
9.2. Development activities to include opening of roads, rehabilitation of bridges and passages, railways, airports and airstrips, and lines of river navigation etc;
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.7. The elements of the code of conduct provided for in sub-section 16.6 above shall: [...]
16.7.5. make clear that all members of armed forces shall not be involved in illicit activities that may affect the environment and natural resources.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.7. The Parties agree that the JIUs shall protect the oilfields as provided in sub-section 20.14.2 and the oil installations shall be demilitarized. In case of any threat to the oil installations, the JDB shall decide on the appropriate and necessary measures.

Page 30-31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.1. In order to facilitate the removal and withdrawal of the military and paramilitary forces from areas where they were previously located and in order to return societal order and harmony, in accordance with the law, in compliance with national and international acceptable standards and with accountability to the Courts and civil Administration, the police at the appropriate level during the ceasefire shall: [...]
22.1.7. Preserve natural resources;
International funds: Page 19, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.2. The Parties call upon the international community to provide technical and financial assistance, given the financial constraints of GOS and particularly the nature and structure of SPLA, to expedite the implementation of the ceasefire activities.

Page 26, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.10 Training of the Joint Integrated Units: 20.10.5. The parties shall appeal to the international community to render additional technical, material and financial support to assist in forming and training the JIUs.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 21. Funding of the Armed Forces:
21.1. During the Interim Period, SAF forces and JIUs shall be funded by the National Government, whereas the SPLA forces shall be funded by the Government of Southern Sudan, subject to the principle of proportional downsizing as per Security Arrangements Protocol and the approval of Southern Sudan Legislature. To meet this obligation, the Government of Southern Sudan shall raise financial resources from both local and foreign sources and seek international assistance. These financial resources shall be channeled through the Bank of Southern Sudan and managed according to the principles of Wealth Sharing Protocol.

Page 32, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.3. That the DDR process in the Sudan shall be led by recognized state institutions and international partners shall only play a supportive role to these institutions. The process shall be sustained through cooperation and coordination with local NGOs and active support from the international community by facilitating and extending material and technical assistance throughout the entire DDR process and the transition from war to peace.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.12. That adequate financial and logistical support shall be mobilized by the international community including governments, governmental agencies, humanitarian organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Page 34-35, Part Three, DDR, 25. DDR Institutions:
25.2. Until the aforementioned institutions are established the Parties agree to put in place Interim DDR bodies to: 25.2.3. Commence technical discussion with international donors and agencies regarding partnership and funding requirements and modalities for the DDR implementation programmes.

Page 42, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Maior Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 14. Mobilization of international monitors and observers as well as mobilization of funds; Proposed time: Starts M - Day + 30 days; Responsible Authority: The two parties + donors + UN
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: Socio-economic reconstruction→Banks→International finance
Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 21. Funding of the Armed Forces:
21.1. During the Interim Period, SAF forces and JIUs shall be funded by the National Government, whereas the SPLA forces shall be funded by the Government of Southern Sudan, subject to the principle of proportional downsizing as per Security Arrangements Protocol and the approval of Southern Sudan Legislature. To meet this obligation, the Government of Southern Sudan shall raise financial resources from both local and foreign sources and seek international assistance. These financial resources shall be channeled through the Bank of Southern Sudan and managed according to the principles of Wealth Sharing Protocol.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.3. In accordance with the Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period, no armed group allied to either party shall be allowed to operate outside the two forces. Other Armed Groups (OAGs) who have a desire and qualify shall be incorporated into the organized forces of either party (Army, Police, Prisons, and Wildlife Forces), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service and civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.7. Upon signature of this Agreement, the process of incorporation of individual members of all other armed groups, who desire and qualify shall start as soon as possible into the ranks of either SAF or SPLA or integrated into organized forces (police, prisons and wildlife services), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service or civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.9. By D Day + 12 Months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee shall finish the incorporation process of OAGs members who desire and qualify into the armed forces of either Party and police, prisons, wildlife service and civil service.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.10. When the incorporation process of OAGs referred to above in subsection 11.9 is completed, the incorporated OAGs members shall not be allowed to decamp from one Party to the other nor to change from police, prisons, wildlife and civil service to the military.

Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.7. The elements of the code of conduct provided for in sub-section 16.6 above shall: [...]
16.7.5. make clear that all members of armed forces shall not be involved in illicit activities that may affect the environment and natural resources.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 20, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.1. Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-sections 1 (b) and 4.1(b) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the mission and mandate for Sudan Armed Forces (SAF), Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Joint/Integrated Forces within their respective areas of deployment during the interim period shall clearly be specified within the first year of the interim period by the Joint Defence Board subject
to the approval of the Presidency.

Page 20-21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.2. Without prejudice to sub-section 16.1 above, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Joint/Integrated Units (JIUs) shall be charged with the mission of defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Sudan during the interim period.

Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.3. The two Armed Forces and the JIUs shall be regular, professional, and non-partisan armed forces. They shall respect the rule of law and civilian government, democracy, basic human rights, and the will of the people.

Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.4. As per Article (1) (b) and (4) (b) (III) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the Armed Forces (SAF, SPLA and JIUs) shall undertake the responsibility of the defence of the country against threats in their areas of deployment pending appropriate decision from the JDB.

Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.5. The involvement of the Armed Forces as defined in sub-section 16.4 above, in constitutionally specified emergencies, shall be determined in the Interim Constitution.

Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.6. The Parties shall jointly develop a code of conduct for the members of all armed forces based on the common military doctrine that shall be developed as stipulated for in section 6 of the Agreement on Security Arrangements.

Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.7. The elements of the code of conduct provided for in sub-section 16.6 above shall:
16.7.1. be informed by the provisions of sub-section 16.2 above;
16.7.2. make a clear distinction between the military functions from partisan political functions;
16.7.3. make repudiation that such forces can be used as agency of physical intimidation of the civilian population;
16.7.4. make a clear distinction between military mandate from the policing mandate during cease-fire period;
16.7.5. make clear that all members of armed forces shall not be involved in illicit activities that may affect the environment and natural resources.

Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.1. The JDB shall be composed and structured on parity basis and take its decisions by consensus. It shall be composed of the Chiefs of Staff of SAF and SPLA, their deputies and four senior officers from each party.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.2. The JDB shall exhibit a characteristic of well-functionin body capable of timely response to tasks and situation.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.3. The JDB shall have a Technical Committee to be formed from four senior officers from both sides.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.4. The Technical Committee shall undertake the duty of coordination between the two forces and resolve different problems that may ensue. It shall report reularly to the JDB in all ordinary and extraordinary sessions.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.5. The two Commanders in Chief shall appoint the Commander and the deputy commander of the JIUs who shall be ex officio members of the JDB.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.6. In the event of any external or internal threat, the JDB shall, subject to section 16.2 above, decide on how to address the situation. The JDB shall decide whether all forces, the JIUs or either force (SAF and SPLA) shall handle the threat alone or collectively. The JDB may also decide on the appropriate support and reinforcements that other forces shall lend to the forces facing direct threat and aggression. In a joint operation, JDB shall determine lead HQS for that operation.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.7. The JDB shall be entrusted to work out a comprehensive framework for confidence building. Confidence building measures between the SAF and SPLA may include exchanging visits, organizing cultural and sport events, convening of joint training courses, and participating in national and religious celebrations and any other activities that shall
help in building confidence.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.8. The JDB shall form a committee to lay down the principles of the future Sudan National Armed Forces, should the result of the referendum on self-determination confirm unity.

Page 22, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):
17.9. At the earliest opportunity, appointed representatives of SAF and SPLA will determine, taking into account point 17.1 of this agreement, a staff structure in support of JDB command. They will calculate a budget and recommend how it is be resourced.

Page 22-23, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 18. Redeployment:
18.1. The line of redeployment of SAF and SPLA shall be South/North Border of 1/1/1956 as came in Article 3 (b), in the Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period signed on 25th September, 2003.

Page 23, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 18. Redeployment:
18.6. Without prejudice to the Agreement on the Security Arrangements and the right of Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) Command to deploy forces all over North Sudan as it deems fit, SAF troop levels in Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile during the Interim Period shall be determined by the Presidency.

Page 23, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 18. Redeployment:
18.7. After the JIUs deployment in Abyei, all other forces shall be redeployed outside the area. However, the size JIUs Battalion in Abyei shall conform to JIUs organizational standards according to the Protocol between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on the Resolution of the Conflict in Abyei Area of 26th May, 2004.

Page 28-29, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.1. First JIUs Infantry Division - Equatoria:
a) Division Headquarters: Juba town.
b) Juba Brigade Headquarters: Juba town.
c) Subunits deployment: Around Juba town.
d) Torit Brigade Headquarter (+) Inf Bn: Torit town.
e) Subunit Deployment: Kapoeta, Yei, and Jabor.
f) Maridi BrigadeHeadquarters (+) Inf Bn: Maridi town.
g) Subunits deployment: Mondari, Yambio, Tombara.

Page 29, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.2. Second Infantry Division - Upper Nile:
a) Division Headquarters: Malakal town.
b) Malakal Brigade Headquarters (+) two Inf Bns: Malakal town.
c) Subunits deployment: Nasir, Bounj and Malut.
d) Bentiu Brigade headquarters (+) Inf Bn: Bentiu town.
e) Subunits deployment: Pariang, and Bor.

Page 29, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.3. Third Infantry Division - Bahr el Ghazal:
a) Division Headquarters: Wau town.
b) Wau Briade headquarters (+) two Inf Bns: Wau town.
c) Subunits deployment: Tonj, Rumbek, and Shambe
d) Aweil Brigade headquarters (+) two Inf Bns: Aweil town.
e) Subunits deployment: Raja, Gogrial.
f) Abyei Area Independent Battalion attached.

Page 29, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.4. Fourth Infantry Division - Southern Blue Nile:
a) Division Headquarters: Dindirotown.
b) Dindiro Briade headquarters (+) Bde Hqs (+) one Inf Bn: Dindiro.
c) Subunits deployment: Kurmuk, Geizan, Ulu.
d) Takamul Brigade headquarters (+) one Inf Bn: Takamol.
e) Subunits deployment: Damazin, Umdarfa'a, Menza.

Page 29, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.5. Fifth Infantry Division - Nuba Mountains:
a) Division headquarters (+) one Inf Bn: Kadogli town.
b) Kadugli Brigade headquarters: Heiban.
c) Subunits deployment: Heiban, El Buram, Talodi.
d) Deleng Brigade headquarters (+) one Inf Bn: Deleng town.
e) Subunits deployment: Jebel Eried, Julud, Urn Sirdibba.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.6. Khartoum Independent Brigade: There shall be one JIUs Brigade in Khartoum that shall be deployed with the Republican Guard in Soba. The VIP Protection Force is located according to the Presidential Unit, and Capital Security Force in Jebel Awlia'a.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment: 20.14.7. The Parties agree that the JIUs shall protect the oilfields as provided in sub-section 20.14.2 and the oil installations shall be demilitarized. In case of any threat to the oil installations, the JDB shall decide on the appropriate and necessary measures.

Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
27.1. Upon signature of the comprehensive peace agreement, the Parties shall:
27.1.1. exchange information on Missing in Action and shall trace them to their best efforts;
27.1.2. agree to lifting the state of emergency in the Sudan except in areas where conditions do not permit;
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Untitled Preamble
NOW RECORD THAT the Parties have reached specific Agreement on Permanent Ceasefire and Security Arrangements Implementation Modalities during the Pre-Interim and Interim Periods, the initialed text of which is annexed hereto and shall be an integral part of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

Page 3, Preamble
RECOGNIZE that a viable ceasefire can meaninfully be realized through adherence and commitment to [See 'Other Agreements'];

Page 4, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.2. The Parties shall always refrain from any act or acts that may in any way spoil the peace process. They shall unceasingly create and maintain a conducive atmosphere for peace and tranquility;

Page 4, Part One, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.4. The Parties agree that inclusiveness is of the essence to this agreement and shall engage the other armed roups and political forces to become part of the peace process, play a role thereto and contribute to the sustenance of this Agreement;

Page 4, Part One, 1.
1.5. The Ceasefire Agreement shall ensure clarity by eliminating any room for ambiguity in all elements of the Ceasefire Agreement;

Page 4, Part One, 1.
1.6. The Ceasefire Agreement shall guarantee the free movement of people, goods and services throughout Sudan;

Page 5, Part One, 1.
1.11. The Parties agree to inform the rank and file of their armed forces as a way of popularizing the Ceasefire Agreement;

Page 5, Part One, 1.
1.12. The Parties shall commit themselves that all forces, troops under their respective command and forces allied and affiliated to them at all levels and rank and file shall fully cease fire and stop hostilities;

Page 5, Part One, 2. Entry into Force:
The Ceasefire Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement or this Agreement) shall come into effect from the date of signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (that day hereafter referred to as D-Day).

Page 6, Part One, 3. Amendment of this Agreement:
This Agreement may only be amended by the Presidency upon recommendation of the Ceasefire Political Commission.

Page 6, Part One, 5. Principles of the Ceasefire:
5.1. The Parties agree to a permanent ceasefire among all their forces with the broader objective of sustaining the comprehensive peace agreement, promoting peace culture, reconciliation and confidence building;

Page 6, Part One, 5.
5.2. The ceasefire shall uphold the following principles:
5.2.1 Permanent cessation of hostilities between SAF and SPLA within 72 hours of the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

Page 6-7, Part One, 5.
5.3. The permanent cessation of hostilities shall include final termination of the following activities:
5.3.1. Military activities including movement, reconnaissance, reinforcement, recruitment, draft, and military exercises other than those permitted by the Joint Defence Board (JDB). The JDB will inform the UN Peace Support Mission of permitted current and future activities;
5.3.2. Land, air, and river operations;
5.3.3. Laying of mines and other subversive activities;
5.3.4. Use of force against and abuse of civilians;
5.3.5. Replenishment of ammunition, weapons and other lethal or military equipment;
5.3.6. Hostile propaganda from inside or outside the country;
5.3.7. Occupation of new locations;
5.3.8. Any other actions that may impede the normal progress of the ceasefire process.

Page 7, Part One, 6. The Ceasefire Zone:
The scope of the ceasefire shall be:
6.1. Southern Sudan, which shall be subdivided, for all the purposes of ceasefire and monitoring activities, into three areas of: a) Bahr el Ghazal Area; b) Equatorial Area;
c) Upper Nile Area.
6.2 Nuba Mountains Area;
6.3 Southern Blue Nile Area;
6.4 Abyei Area;
6.5 Eastern Sudan Area (Hamashkoreb, new Rasai, Kotaneb, Tamarat, and Khor Khawaga).

Page 7, Part One, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.1 Phase I: The Pre-interim Period duration 6 months (D-day to D-day + 6 months) ceasefire activities shall start (as per attached lists), including the redeployment of SAF from the South to the North, the beginning of the Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-integration and Reconciliation (DDRR), the redeployment of SPLA forces from Eastern Sudan, the formation, co-location in training centres, training of the Joint/Integrated Units (JIUs) and the UN monitoring.

Page 7, Part One, 7.
7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.2 Phase II: First half of the Interim Period duration 36 months (D-day+ 6 months to D-day + 42 months). This phase shall cover the completion of deployment of the
JIUs, redeployment of the SPLA forces from the Eastern Sudan to the south, redeployment of the SPLA forces from Nuba Mountains and Southern Blue Nile to the south and redeployment of SAF from the South to the North. The DDR activities shall continue. The negotiations on proportionate downsizing shall also start at this phase.

Page 8, Part One, 7.
7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.3 Phase III: Second half of the Interim Period duration 36 months (D-day + 42 months to D-day + 78 months). Continuation of DDR process, training and the monitoring process. Development of plans and modalities of transforming the JIUs into integrated ones.

Page 8, Part One, 7.
7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.4 Phase IV: Post Interim Period duration 6 months ( D- day + 78 months to D-day + 84 months). Formation of Sudan National Armed Forces (SNAF) in case of unity or dissolution of JIUs in case of secession.

Page 8, Part One, 7.
7.2. The Calendar of major ceasefire activities is agreed by the
parties as per Annex 2.

Page 8, Part One, 8. Disengagement:
8.1. There shall be lines of disengagement according to the assembly areas, as specified in Annex 1, and shall be adjusted by the monitors of the UN Peace Support Mission.

Page 8, Part One, 8.
8.2. On the declaration of the ceasefire, the forces of the SAF, inclusive of their allied forces and the SPLA, inclusive of their allied forces, shall maintain their current positions.

Page 8, Part One, 8.
8.3. All forces shall take defensive positions and be redeployed to assembly points within the first three months of the Pre-Interim Period according to the agreed timetable.

Page 8, Part One, 8.
8.4. All forces shall be disengaged, separated, encamped in their assembly points, and redeployed subject to international monitoring arrangements.

Page 8, Part One, 8.
8.5. The parties shall provide maps and sketches showing their current dispositions before the declaration of the ceasefire. Such maps and sketches shall include:
8.5.1. Current dispositions including deployment and weapons sites.
8.5.2. All necessary information about roads, tracks, passages, minefields, and command posts.

Page 8, Part One, 8.
8.6. To safeguard against the menace and hazards posed by landmines and unexploded ordnance, the Parties agree that: 8.6.1. The layin of mines, explosive devices or booby traps of whatever type shall be prohibited;

Page 9, Part One, 8.
8.7. Before the declaration of the ceasefire, the Parties shall present detailed lists of size and location of their forces in each area to United Nations Advanced Mission in Sudan (UNAMIS), subject by verification of the Verification and Monitoring Team (VMT) and Joint Military Commission (JMC) Nuba Mountains. Such lists shall be attached to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

Page 9-10, Part One, 8.
8.8. Notwithstanding 8.7 above, the Parties shall present detailed lists of particulars of all troops to the Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC) or, pending the formation of the CJMC, to the VMT and JMC/Nuba. The lists shall be verified by the CJMC and/or the VMT and JMC, as the case may be, immediately after the declaration of the ceasefire.

Page 10, Part One, 8.
8.9. The Parties agree and in collaboration with the UN Peace Support Mission to pull back all the weapons of effective range fire within the other Party's assembly areas.

Page 10, Part One, 8.
8.10. The Parties shall provide detailed data on their inventories and stocks including different weapons and munitions, fuel oil and lubricants, etc., and their exact locations to CJMC or the VMT in the ceasefire zone. Such inventories shall be verified immediately
after the declaration of the ceasefire. The Parties shall agree on ways and means of monitoring such stocks and/or stores to make sure that they are no longer accessible to the Parties.

Page 10-11, Part One, 9. Permitted Activities:
In view of negative consequences of war, the key principle that shall underpin permitted activities shall be to alleviate the effects of the war on the civilians and war-affected areas and to galvanize popular support for peace. Permitted activities shall therefore include: [...]
9.6. Re-supply of armed forces lethal items as shall be deemed appropriate by the JDB and coordinated with UN Mission;
9.7. Supply of non-lethal items (food, water, medicine, fuel oils and lubricants, stationery, uniforms, etc.);
9.8. Training and Refresher training.
9.9. During the disengagement of forces, they shall not exercise any military activities except the following:
9.9.1. Training and refresher training (UN Mission shall be informed of such training - location, duration and type); particularly the field training of platoon level
and higher;
9.9.2. Administrative movement (e.g. replenishment with non-lethal supplies or equipment);
9.9.3. Medical evacuation.

Page 11, Part One, 10. Violations:
10.1. The following acts shall constitute violations to this Agreement:
10.1.1. Any acts that may contravene this Agreement;
10.1.2. Unauthorized movement of troops;
10.1.3. Unauthorized recruitment, draft and/or mobilization drive;
10.1.4. Unauthorized replenishment of military equipment and supplies;
10.1.5. Hostile acts that may provoke confrontation;
10.1.6. Violation of human rights, humanitarian law and obstruction of freedom of movement;
10.1.7. Hostile propaganda and media warfare;
10.1.8. Espionage, sabotage, and acts of subversion to undermine either party and/or the Agreement;
10.1.9. Recruitment of child soldiers.

Page 11, Part One, 10.
10.2 In event of any violation to provisions of this Agreement, the CJMC will determine appropriate disciplinary measures which may include, where appropriate, the following:
10.2.1. Publicizing or mentioning the parties that took part in the violations;
10.2.2. Exposing or shaming the guilty or recommending severe punishment in event of rave violations;
10.2.3. Recommend referral to civil, criminal trial procedures, or court-martial of individual or parties involved as applicable;
10.2.4. The Parties agree to follow up on recommendations for disciplinary measures as proposed by CJMC

Page 12, Part One, 10.
10.4. Without prejudice to the freedom of press and media, the Parties agree to set up a Joint Media Committee upon signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement to establish guidelines for the media and press to enhance conducive environment for the smooth implementation of the ceasefire.

Page 12, Part One, 10.
10.5. The Parties agree that any deadlock arising out of the implementation of the ceasefire shall be referred, as of last resort, to the Presidency for consideration and action after having exhausted all avenues of dispute management at all lower levels;

Page 14, Part One, 13. Verification, Monitoring, Complaints and Obligations: 13.1 The structure and levels of monitoring and verification of the
implementation of this Agreement shall be as follows:
13.1.1. Ceasefire Political Commission (CPC)
13.1.2. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC)
13.1.3. Area Joint Military Committee (AJMC)
13.1.4. Joint Military Teams (JMTs)

Page 14, Part One, 14. The Ceasefire Political Commission (CPC):
14.1 The CPC shall be answerable to the Presidency;

Page 14-15, Part One, 14.
14.2 The CPC shall be a political decision making body composed of:
14.2.1. One senior political representative from each Party;
14.2.2. One senior officer each from SAF and SPLA;
14.2.3. Special Representative of UN Secretary General or his deputy;
14.2.4. Senior Security officer (after the establishment of National Security Service);
14.2.5. One Legal advisor from each Party;
14.2.6. Representative of Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) (observer);
14.2.7. Representative of IGAD Partner's Forum (IPF) (observer);

Page 15, Part One, 14.
14.3. The CPC chair shall be rotational between the Parties;
14.4. The CPC shall reach its decisions by consensus of the Parties;

Page 15, Part One, 14.
14.5. The mandate and functions of the CPC shall be to:
14.5.1. supervise, monitor and oversee the implementation of this Agreement;
14.5.2. complete negotiation any operational details as shall be necessary;
14.5.3. sound the Parties to rise up to their obligations in this Agreement;
14.5.4. update the Parties on the progress of the ceasefire implementation;
14.5.5. co-ordinate with other relevant national and international bodies;
14.5.6. settle deadlocks arising out from the ceasefire implementation as reported by the CJMC and refer the unresolved ones to the Presidency;
14.5.7. provide disciplinary measures for violations;
14.5.8. provide a political forum for continuous dialogue between the Parties and the international community;
14.5.9. foster confidence building between the Parties;
14.5.10. Update the IGAD, IPF, African Union (AU) and the United Nations periodically on the process of the ceasefire implementation as deemed necessary;
14.5.11. propose amendments in the Agreement to the Presidency.

Page 15, Part One, 14.
14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.1. The CJMC shall be answerable to the CPC and shall oversee the activities of AJMC; 14.6.2. The CJMC shall be located in Juba;

Page 16, Part One, 14.
14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.3. The CJMC shall be a military decision making body and shall be composed of:
14.6.3.1. The Force Commander of the UN Monitoring Mission (Chair),
14.6.3.2. The Deputy Force Commander from countries acceptable to the Parties. Considering that the official working languages in Sudan are Arabic and English;
14.6.3.3. Three officers from SAF with ranks not less than Colonel;
14.6.3.4. Three senior officers from SPLA;
14.6.3.5. Officer in charge of national security at that level;
14.6.3.6. One senior police officer at the level of Southern Sudan.

Page 16-17, Part One, 14.
14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.5. The CJMC shall have the following functions:
14.6.5.1. Oversee compliance of the Parties to their obligations under this Agreement;
14.6.5.2. Coordinate planning, monitoring and verification of the implementation of this
Agreement;
14.6.5.3. Facilitate liaison between the parties;
14.6.5.4. Coordinate monitoring and verification of disengagement, disarmament and
redeployment of the forces as agreed upon in this Agreement;
14.6.5.5. Check on the conduct of the military forces;
14.6.5.6. Specification of current locations of troops as of the D day;
14.6.5.7. Monitoring troop strength, stocks of arms, ammunition and other war-related
equipment;
14.6.5.8. Coordination and monitoring of permitted military movement and itineraries thereof;
14.6.5.9. Receiving and verifying unresolved violations, disputes and complaints and rule on them;
14.6.5.10. Serving as a channel of communication between the parties;
14.6.5.11. Inspection of replenishment of supplies to the forces;
14.6.5.12. Supervision of demining activities, decommissioning of unexploded ordnance
and other form of military hazards;
14.6.5.13. Dissemination of information about this Agreement;
14.6.5.14. help Parties in disarming and reintegrating armed groups;
14.6.5.15. monitor and verify the disarmament of all Sudanese civilians who are illegally armed;
14.6.5.16. be responsible for executing peace support operations in collaboration with VMT, JMC and CPMT, until the deployment of the UN monitors; after which the roles of the latter shall cease to exist;

Page 17, Part One, 14.
14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.5. The CJMC shall have the following functions: 14.6.6. Decisions reached by the CJMC shall be communicated down through the individual chains of command and reported up to the CPC.

Page 17, Part One, 14.
14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.7. Subject to the timing of different activities specified in the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the CJMC may readjust on practical considerations the timing of activities or obligations related to ceasefire including redeployment North and South of the 1956 North-South border and activities referred to in sub-section 8.7 herein.

Page 18, Part One, 14.
14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.9. The CJMC shall be entitled to move freely throughout the ceasefire zone.

Page 18, Part One, 14.
14.7 Area Joint Military Committee (AJMC):
14.7.1 The AJMC that shall be established in Juba, Malakal, Wau, Kaduli, Abyei, Damazien or Kurmuk, and shall be composed as follows:
14.7.1.1 The most senior UN Officer in the Area, Chairperson;
14.7.1.2 Equal number of senior officers from SAF and SPLA;
14.7.1.3 UN monitors.

Page 18, Part One, 14.
14.7 Area Joint Military Committee (AJMC):
14.7.3 The AJMC shall be charged with the following functions:
14.7.3.1 monitor and verify alleged violations and resolve disputes;
14.7.3.2 report periodically and refer unresolved complaints to CJMC;
14.7.3.3 Liaise and share information with the Security Committee in the designated area;

Page 18, Part One, 14.
14.8 Joint Military Teams (JMTs):
14.8.1. JMTs shall be the lowest operating unit of the ceasefire monitoring mechanism;
14.8.2. JMTs shall be established and designated by the AJMC at that level;
14.8.3. A JMT shall be composed of UN senior officer at that level, international monitors, equal number of officers from SAF and SPLA.

Page 19, Part One, 14.
14.8 Joint Military Teams (JMTs):
14.8.4. JMTs shall conduct regular patrols and visits throughout their respective areas to prevent violations, preserve the ceasefire, and assist in building confidence.
14.8.5. JMTs shall monitor, verify and report alleged violations to the appropriate AJMC.

Page 19, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.1. The Parties agree to request the United Nations to constitute a lean, effective, sustainable and affordable UN Peace Support Mission to monitor and verify this Agreement and to support the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement as provided for under Chapter VI of the UN Charter;

Page 19, Part One, 15.
15.4. For the purpose of monitoring activities related to the ceasefire, the international monitors shall have unrestricted access in accordance with a Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA), which shall be concluded with the United Nations as soon as possible. Such SOFA shall contain the provisions agreed to by the Parties with the United Nations immediately following the conclusion of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

[Summary: Page 41-45, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities - this Annex provides for major ceasefire activities, proposed time of said activities, and the authorities responsible for the specified activities during the Pre-Interim Period, the First half of the Interim period, the Second half of the Interim Period, and the Post Interim Period.]
Police: Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.1. In accordance with Article 7 (a) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the Parties agree to expedite the process of incorporation and reintegration of armed groups allied to either Party, into their armed forces, other organized forces, the civil service and civil societal institutions.

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.3. In accordance with the Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period, no armed group allied to either party shall be allowed to operate outside the two forces. Other Armed Groups (OAGs) who have a desire and qualify shall be incorporated into the organized forces of either party (Army, Police, Prisons, and Wildlife Forces), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service and civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.7. Upon signature of this Agreement, the process of incorporation of individual members of all other armed groups, who desire and qualify shall start as soon as possible into the ranks of either SAF or SPLA or integrated into organized forces (police, prisons and wildlife services), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service or civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.9. By D Day + 12 Months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee shall finish the incorporation process of OAGs members who desire and qualify into the armed forces of either Party and police, prisons, wildlife service and civil service.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.10. When the incorporation process of OAGs referred to above in subsection 11.9 is completed, the incorporated OAGs members shall not be allowed to decamp from one Party to the other nor to change from police, prisons, wildlife and civil service to the military.

Page 16, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.3. The CJMC shall be a military decision making body and shall be composed of: [...] 14.6.3.6. One senior police officer at the level of Southern Sudan.

Page 21, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 16. Military Mission and Mandate
16.7. The elements of the code of conduct provided for in sub-section 16.6 above shall:
16.7.4. make a clear distinction between military mandate from the policing mandate during cease-fire period; [...]

Page 30-31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.1. In order to facilitate the removal and withdrawal of the military and paramilitary forces from areas where they were previously located and in order to return societal order and harmony, in accordance with the law, in compliance with national and international acceptable standards and with accountability to the Courts and civil Administration, the police at the appropriate level during the ceasefire shall:
22.1.1. Maintain law and public order;
22.1.2. Ensure safety and security of all people and their property;
22.1.3. Prevent and detect crimes.
22.1.4. Assist returning refugees, the displaced and other returnees to start a normal, stable and safe life in their respective communities;
22.1.5. Provide national service ( such as nationality, civil registry, identity documents (IDs), passports etc.) and other police services and make them available to all citizens In their locations;
22.1.6. Protect VIPs in collaboration with other security agencies;
22.1.7. Preserve natural resources;
22.1.8. Combat illicit trafficking in narcotics, drugs and illegal trade in firearms and other organized and transboundary crimes in the area;
22.1.9. Control illegal presence and movement of aliens in the area;
22.1.10. Collect data and information on criminal matters that threaten implementation of the peace agreement in the area.
22.1.11. Remove the need for the deployment of military and para-military forces in villages, communities and city streets;
22.1.12. Combat corruption at all levels of government and civil society; and

Page 31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.2. In order to strengthen the effective implementation of this Agreement, the National Police may assist, as required, other police at all levels to establish and promote police service at that level;

Page 31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.3. The police shall cooperate and participate in the entire process of ceasefire implementation;

Page 31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.4. The Parties agree that the police in the territorial jurisdiction of the ceasefire shall assume their normal functions and activities, particularly in the areas where military and para-military forces had previously assumed their functions;

Page 31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.5. The Parties call upon the international community to assist in the areas of training, establishment and capacity building of police and other law enforcement agencies for the sustenance of peace and rule of law;

Page 32, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.6. The Parties recognize the need for cooperation and coordination mechanism between the national police and other law enforcement agencies at all levels with regards to the implementation of this Agreement.
Armed forces: Page 4, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.7. The Parties shall, within the territorial jurisdiction of the Ceasefire Agreement, provide and share information and statistics on their troops strength, arms and military equipment and any other relevant information, among themselves and with the UN Peace Support Mission;

Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.11. The Parties agree to inform the rank and file of their armed forces as a way of popularizing the Ceasefire Agreement;

Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.12. The Parties shall commit themselves that all forces, troops under their respective command and forces allied and affiliated to them at all levels and rank and file shall fully cease fire and stop hostilities;

Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.13. The Parties shall endeavour to promote and disseminate peace culture and confidence building measures among and between the people as well as their forces as integral part of ceasefire arrangements and sustenance of the peace;

Page 6, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 5. Principles of the Ceasefire:
5.2. The ceasefire shall uphold the following principles:
5.2.1 Permanent cessation of hostilities between SAF and SPLA within 72 hours of the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

Page 7, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.1 Phase I: The Pre-interim Period duration 6 months (D-day to D-day + 6 months) ceasefire activities shall start (as per attached lists), including the redeployment of SAF from the South to the North, the beginning of the Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-integration and Reconciliation (DDRR), the redeployment of SPLA forces from Eastern Sudan, the formation, co-location in training centres, training of the Joint/Integrated Units (JIUs) and the UN monitoring.

Page 7, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.2 Phase II: First half of the Interim Period duration 36 months (D-day+ 6 months to D-day + 42 months). This phase shall cover the completion of deployment of the
JIUs, redeployment of the SPLA forces from the Eastern Sudan to the south, redeployment of the SPLA forces from Nuba Mountains and Southern Blue Nile to the south and redeployment of SAF from the South to the North. The DDR activities shall continue. The negotiations on proportionate downsizing shall also start at this phase.

Page 8, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.4 Phase IV: Post Interim Period duration 6 months ( D- day + 78 months to D-day + 84 months). Formation of Sudan National Armed Forces (SNAF) in case of unity or dissolution of JIUs in case of secession.

Page 8, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 8. Disengagement:
8.2. On the declaration of the ceasefire, the forces of the SAF, inclusive of their allied forces and the SPLA, inclusive of their allied forces, shall maintain their current positions.

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.1. In accordance with Article 7 (a) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the Parties agree to expedite the process of incorporation and reintegration of armed groups allied to either Party, into their armed forces, other organized forces, the civil service and civil societal institutions.

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.3. In accordance with the Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period, no armed group allied to either party shall be allowed to operate outside the two forces. Other Armed Groups (OAGs) who have a desire and qualify shall be incorporated into the organized forces of either party (Army, Police, Prisons, and Wildlife Forces), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service and civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.7. Upon signature of this Agreement, the process of incorporation of individual members of all other armed groups, who desire and qualify shall start as soon as possible into the ranks of either SAF or SPLA or integrated into organized forces (police, prisons and wildlife services), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service or civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.8. By D Day + 6 months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee after ascertaining the strength and armament conditions of OAGs units, shall ensure freedom of choice for all OAGs members to join either Party they so desire to be incorporated in, provided that no other armed groups shall continue to have a separate existence outside the command of either SAF or SPLA.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.9. By D Day + 12 Months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee shall finish the incorporation process of OAGs members who desire and qualify into the armed forces of either Party and police, prisons, wildlife service and civil service.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.10. When the incorporation process of OAGs referred to above in subsection 11.9 is completed, the incorporated OAGs members shall not be allowed to decamp from one Party to the other nor to change from police, prisons, wildlife and civil service to the military.

Page 14-15, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14. The Ceasefire Political Commission (CPC):
14.2 The CPC shall be a political decision making body composed of:
14.2.2. One senior officer each from SAF and SPLA;

Page 16, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.3. The CJMC shall be a military decision making body and shall be composed of: [...] 14.6.3.3. Three officers from SAF with ranks not less than Colonel;

Page 18, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.7 Area Joint Military Committee (AJMC):
14.7.1 The AJMC that shall be established in Juba, Malakal, Wau, Kaduli, Abyei, Damazien or Kurmuk, and shall be composed as follows:
14.7.1.2 Equal number of senior officers from SAF and SPLA;

Page 20, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.8. SAF and SPLA members of AJMCs and JMTs shall have the right to participate in verification and monitoring missions, however in case of failure of either or both Parties to participate, the mission shall still continue with its verification and monitoring tasks.

Page 23, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 18. Redeployment:
18.2. SAF commits to redeploy its forces as per Article 3 (b) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements to the North of South/North border of 1/1/1956 beginning from the Pre Interim Period according to the following steps:
a) Step I: Reduction by 17% by D-day + 6 months;
b) Step II: Reduction by 14% by D-day + 12 months;
c) Step III: Reduction by 19% by D-day + 18 months;
d) Step IV: Reduction by 22 % by D-day + 24 months;
e) Step V: Complete redeployment of the remainder 28% by D-day + 30 months.

Page 23, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 18. Redeployment:
18.6. Without prejudice to the Agreement on the Security Arrangements and the right of Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) Command to deploy forces all over North Sudan as it deems fit, SAF troop levels in Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile during the Interim Period shall be determined by the Presidency.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.1. There shall be formed Joint/Integrated Units (hereinafter referred to as JIUs) during the pre-interim and the interim period from the SAF and the SPLA. This shall form the nucleus of the future Sudanese National Armed Forces (SNAF) should the result of the
referendum on the right of self-determination for the people of Southern Sudan confirm unity of the country.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.2. If the result of the referendum is in favour of secession of the South from the North, the JIUs shall dissolve with each component reverting to its mother Armed Forces to pave the way for the formation of the separate Armed Forces for the emerging states.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.4. At the initial stage of the formation of the JIUs, SAF component shall be liable to relief "after two years of deployment". Nonetheless, they shall be locked-in by D-day + 33 months.

Page 25, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.7. The JIUs command shall be exercised on parity basis between SAF and the SPLA officers with alternation of roles at the uppermost and other levels of command.

Page 26, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.11. JIUs Command and Control: The JIUs Headquarters is under command of JDB and shall be located in Juba. The JIUs command shall perform among other things, the following duties and responsibilities:
20.11.1. Command of the JIUs formations and units;
20.11.2. Promotion of mutual cooperation between the JIUs, SAF and SPLA at all command levels;

Page 27, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.13. The JIUs Composition and organization: 20.13.1 Composition:
20.13.1.1. The JIUs shall initially be formed from SAF and SPLA, out of their ground forces;
20.13.1.4. SAF component of the JIUs service arms shall be nominated and assigned as soon as the SPLA component of JIUs service arms is trained and graduated;

Page 28, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.13. The JIUs Composition and organization: 20.13.2 Organization: 20.13.2.5. JIUs battalion shall be formed of two SAF companies and two SPLA companies, whereas the HQs Company and the support company shall be mixed. The size of the forces in each locality shall not exceed one infantry battalion.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 21. Funding of the Armed Forces:
21.1. During the Interim Period, SAF forces and JIUs shall be funded by the National Government, whereas the SPLA forces shall be funded by the Government of Southern Sudan, subject to the principle of proportional downsizing as per Security Arrangements Protocol and the approval of Southern Sudan Legislature. To meet this obligation, the Government of Southern Sudan shall raise financial resources from both local and foreign sources and seek international assistance. These financial resources shall be channeled through the Bank of Southern Sudan and managed according to the principles of Wealth Sharing Protocol.

Page 44, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: First half of the Interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 7. Completion of SAF redeployment from south to North Sudan; Proposed time: D-Day+30 months; Responsible Authority: The SAF and
the UN monitoring mission
DDR: Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
Page 4, Preamble:
Aware of the fact that, Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of ex-combatants are crucial components for a secure and peaceful Sudan and commit themselves to credible, transparent and effective DDR processes which will support the ex-combatants' transition to a productive civilian life;

Page 7, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.1 Phase I: The Pre-interim Period duration 6 months (D-day to D-day + 6 months) ceasefire activities shall start (as per attached lists), including the redeployment of SAF from the South to the North, the beginning of the Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-integration and Reconciliation (DDRR), the redeployment of SPLA forces from Eastern Sudan, the formation, co-location in training centres, training of the Joint/Integrated Units (JIUs) and the UN monitoring.

Page 7, Part One, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.2 Phase II: First half of the Interim Period duration 36 months (D-day+ 6 months to D-day + 42 months). This phase shall cover the completion of deployment of the
JIUs, redeployment of the SPLA forces from the Eastern Sudan to the south, redeployment of the SPLA forces from Nuba Mountains and Southern Blue Nile to the south and redeployment of SAF from the South to the North. The DDR activities shall continue. The negotiations on proportionate downsizing shall also start at this phase.

Page 8, Part One, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.3 Phase III: Second half of the Interim Period duration 36 months (D-day + 42 months to D-day + 78 months). Continuation of DDR process, training and the monitoring process. Development of plans and modalities of transforming the JIUs into integrated ones.

Page 8, Part One, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.4 Phase IV: Post Interim Period duration 6 months ( D- day + 78 months to D-day + 84 months). Formation of Sudan National Armed Forces (SNAF) in case of unity or dissolution of JIUs in case of secession.

Page 8, Part One, 8. Disengagement:
8.4. All forces shall be disengaged, separated, encamped in their assembly points, and redeployed subject to international monitoring arrangements.

Page 8-9, Part One, 8. Disengagement:
8.6. To safeguard against the menace and hazards posed by landmines and unexploded ordnance, the Parties agree that: 8.6.2. [...] The Parties shall allow and facilitate cross-line de-mining activities, the repair and reopening of roads and the removal, dismantling or destruction of mines, unexploded ordnance and all other such hazards as described above immediately upon the signature of this agreement;

Page 9, Part One, 8. Disengagement:
8.6. To safeguard against the menace and hazards posed by landmines and unexploded ordnance, the Parties agree that: 8.6.4. The Parties shall conduct de-mining activities as soon as possible, and in coordination with the UN Peace Support Mission with a view to create the conditions necessary for deployment of the UN Peace Support Mission and the return of displaced populations;

Page 9, Part One, 8. Disengagement:
8.6. To safeguard against the menace and hazards posed by landmines and unexploded ordnance, the Parties agree that: 8.6.5. The UN Peace Support Mission, in conjunction with United Nations Mine Action Office, will assist the Parties' de-mining efforts by providing technical advice and coordination. The Parties shall, as necessary, seek additional de-mining assistance and advice from the UN Peace Support Mission;

Page 9, Part One, 8. Disengagement:
8.6. To safeguard against the menace and hazards posed by landmines and unexploded ordnance, the Parties agree that: 8.6.6 The Parties shall establish by D Day + 30 Days two demining authorities (Northern and Southern) that shall work together and coordinate their de-mining activities and to work jointly in close cooperation with UN Mine Action Office;

Page 10, Part One, 9. Permitted Activities:
In view of negative consequences of war, the key principle that shall underpin permitted activities shall be to alleviate the effects of the war on the civilians and war-affected areas and to galvanize popular support for peace. Permitted activities shall therefore include:
9.1. De-mining and decommissioning of military hazards (this shall be done in collaboration with other bodies referred to in 8.6 herein, according to agreed timetables and mechanisms, and under UN monitoring); [...]

Page 12, Part One, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.1. In accordance with Article 7 (a) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the Parties agree to expedite the process of incorporation and reintegration of armed groups allied to either Party, into their armed forces, other organized forces, the civil service and civil societal institutions.

Page 12, Part One, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.2. The Parties agree to each setting up "Incorporation and Reintegration Adhoc Committee" to implement the provision of sub-section 11.1 above.

Page 12, Part One, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.3. In accordance with the Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period, no armed group allied to either party shall be allowed to operate outside the two forces. Other Armed Groups (OAGs) who have a desire and qualify shall be incorporated into the organized forces of either party (Army, Police, Prisons, and Wildlife Forces), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service and civil society institutions.

Page 12, Part One, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.4. The Parties agree to adopt a collaborative approach for handling OAGs and to establish by D day + 15 days an OAGs Collaborative Committee (CC) which shall comprise equal number of representatives from both parties (three each) and an independent observer from UN.

Page 12-13, Part One, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.5. The OAGs CC shall, inter alia, perform the following functions: [...]
11.5.8. Monitor the DDR programme for the OAGs.

Page 13, Part One, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.6. DDR programme for the OAGs shall be worked out by Southern Sudan DDR Commission (SDDRC) by the end of the Pre-Interim Period with technical assistance from international experts. All integration options shall be open in that programme.

Page 13, Part One, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.7. Upon signature of this Agreement, the process of incorporation of individual members of all other armed groups, who desire and qualify shall start as soon as possible into the ranks of either SAF or SPLA or integrated into organized forces (police, prisons and wildlife services), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service or civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.11. The Parties commit themselves, through OAGs Collaborative Committee and Incorporation and Reintegration of Adhoc Committees, to jointly brief all the OAGs about the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and their rights and obligations in the Agreement so as to ensure that they adhere to and respect all the provisions of the Areement.

Page 14, Part One, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.12. The Southern Sudan DDR Commission shall continue the reintegration process of the demobilized and disarmed members of OAGs into the civil service and civil society institutions in Southern Sudan, with a follow up of the OAGs Collaborative Committee.

Page 14, Part One, 12. Foreign Insurgency Groups:
12.3. The parties shall work together to disarm, repatriate or expel these groups as soon as possible.

Page 16-17, Part One, 14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.5. The CJMC shall have the following functions: [...]
14.6.5.4. Coordinate monitoring and verification of disengagement, disarmament and
redeployment of the forces as agreed upon in this Agreement;
14.6.5.12. Supervision of demining activities, decommissioning of unexploded ordnance
and other form of military hazards;
14.6.5.14. help Parties in disarming and reintegrating armed groups;
14.6.5.15. monitor and verify the disarmament of all Sudanese civilians who are illegally armed;

Page 19, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.5. The parties agree that the presence and size of the UN peace support mission shall be determined by the implementation time table of this Agreement (disengagement, disarmament, redeployment, etc) and shall gradually phase out with successful implementation of the time tables, increased confidence building, and commitment of the parties towards the implementation of this Agreement.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 19. Optimal Size of the Armed Forces:
After the Completion of SAF redeployment to the North the parties shall being the negotiations on proportionate downsizing. Nonetheless, the parties shall allow voluntary demobilization, demobilization of nonessentials (child soldiers and elderly, disabled) during the first year of interim period.

Page 32, Part Three, Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-Integration and Reconciliation
23. Objectives: 23.1 The overarching objective of the DDR process is to contribute to creating an enabling environment to human security and to support post-peace-agreement social stabilization across the Sudan, particularly war affected areas.

Page 32, Part Three, DDR
23. Objectives: 23.2 The DDR programme shall take place within a comprehensive process of national reconciliation and healing through out the country as part of the peace and confidence building measures.

Page 32, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.1 In implementing the DDR programme the Parties agree that the implementing organs shall be guided by the following common principles:

Page 32, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.2. The national ownership of the process and that the capabilities of the National Institutions shall be built to effectively lead the overall DDR process; for this purpose efficient planning, implementation and supervisory institutions shall be established to operate as soon as possible.

Page 32, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.3. That the DDR process in the Sudan shall be led by recognized state institutions and international partners shall only play a supportive role to these institutions. The process shall be sustained through cooperation and coordination with local NGOs and active support from the international community by facilitating and extending material and technical assistance throughout the entire DDR process and the transition from war to peace.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.4. That no DDR planning, management or implementation activity shall take place outside the framework of the recognized interim and permanent DDR institutions referred to in paragraphs 25.1 and 25.2. hereunder.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.5. Fairness, transparency, equitability and consistency for determining the eligibility of ex-combatants targeted for assistance.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.6. Ex-combatants shall be treated equitably irrespective of their previous military affiliations; as well, they shall be empowered by provision of training and information to voluntarily choose their path to reintegration. The reintegration process shall be community based and equally benefits returnees and local communities.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.7. That the DDR is mostly a civilian process although the military input is vital. While disarmament and demobilization are mainly military, the civilian efforts in reintegration are paramount, particularly with reference to decisions of methodology and organization. The military will have input but the decisions and implementation of such
programmes are the responsibility of the relevant institutions created for this purpose.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.8. The DDR programme shall be gender sensitive and shall encourage the participation of the communities and the civil society organizations with the view to strengthening their capacities to play their role in improving and sustaining the social and economic reintegration of former combatants.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.9. The demobilization of all child soldiers within six months of the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.10. The identification and registration within six months from the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of all children separated from their families for family tracing and ultimate reunification;

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.11. UNICEF, ICRC and other international organizations are called upon to assist in the child component of the DDR in the Sudan;

Page 33, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.12. That adequate financial and logistical support shall be mobilized by the international community including governments, governmental agencies, humanitarian organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Page 34, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.13. The observance of a high level of transparency and accountability with respect to the DDR programmes financial management.

Page 34, Part Three, DDR, 24. Guiding Principles:
24.14. The maintenance of an appropriate and optimal degree of flexibility to respond to the emerging needs on the ground in a timely manner.

Page 34, Part Three, DDR, 25. DDR Institutions:
25.1. To realize the best objective of the DDR process in the entire country, and to avoid any possibilities of relapsing into war, the Parties state their dedication to undertake timely steps to establish the following institutions to plan, manage and implement the DDR programmes:
25.1.1. The National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), with the prime responsibility of policy formulation, oversight, review, coordination and evaluation of the progress of the Northern and Southern Sudan DDR commissions referred to in 25.1.2 hereunder. The NDDRCC shall be appointed by and accountable to the Presidency.
25.1.2. The Northern Sudan DDR Commission (NDDRC) and the Southern Sudan DDR Commission (SDDRC) shall be mandated to design, implement and manage the DDR process at the northern and southern sub-national levels respectively.
25.1.3. The State DDR commissions shall be entrusted with the responsibility of implementation of the programmes at the state and local levels.

Page 34-35, Part Three, DDR, 25. DDR Institutions:
25.2. Until the aforementioned institutions are established the Parties agree to put in place Interim DDR bodies to:
25.2.1. Act as bases for the future Sub-National DDR institutions established in 25.1 above.
25.2.2. Coordinate and prepare detailed DDR proposals.
25.2.3. Commence technical discussion with international donors and agencies regarding partnership and funding requirements and modalities for the DDR implementation programmes.
25.2.4. Coordinate with the UN-DPKO mission on issues pertaining to DDR.
25.2.5. Prepare draft operational proposals for DDR programmes.
25.2.6. Prepare to establish formal DDR capacity building and facilitate training in DDR through seminars, workshops and study tours.
25.2.7. Coordinate joint DDR preparatory activities.
25.2.8. Prepare in collaboration with the international actors data collection, including socio-economic surveys in the areas where the DDR programmes will be implemented and undertake needs assessment to provide data on target groups.

Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 26. Previous Contractual Obligations:
Recognizing that both Parties have existing contractual arrangements with international organizations and agencies related to DDR, the Parties agree:
26.1. To commence a process of negotiations with these agencies and organizations to close down and transfer current DDR-related activities to the incoming DDR institutions.

Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 26. Previous Contractual Obligations:
26.2. That the interim DDR bodies shall undertake the task of leading and concluding these negotiations, and shoulder the operational responsibility of the activities thereafter.

[Annex 1 Summary: Page 36-41, Annex 1: Assembly Areas: this Annex provides assembly points for the SAF and SPLA in Equatoria, Upper Nile, Western Upper Nile, Eastern Upper Nile, Bahr el Ghazal, Southern Blue Nile. Additionally, the SAF will be assembled in Abyei and the SPLA will be assembled in Gong Mabil. In regards to Eastern Sudan, the UN monitoring mission is to determine SAF and SPLA assembly areas in the region. Finally, notwithstanding sub-section 10.1. of the Protocol on the Resolution of the Conflict of Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States and sub-section 18.6 of this agreement, the Parties agreed that the SAF would reduce forces in the Nuba Mountains to peace-time standards, and assembly areas will be created by both Parties in order to establish JIUs in the area.]

[Annex 2 Summary: Page 41-45, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities - this Annex provides for major ceasefire activities and inter-related DDR activities with proposed time implementation of the activities, as well as the authorities responsible for the specified activities during the Pre-Interim Period, the First half of the Interim period, the Second half of the Interim Period, and the Post Interim Period.]
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.1. In accordance with Article 7 (a) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the Parties agree to expedite the process of incorporation and reintegration of armed groups allied to either Party, into their armed forces, other organized forces, the civil service and civil societal institutions.

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.2. The Parties agree to each setting up "Incorporation and Reintegration Adhoc Committee" to implement the provision of sub-section 11.1 above.

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.3. In accordance with the Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period, no armed group allied to either party shall be allowed to operate outside the two forces. Other Armed Groups (OAGs) who have a desire and qualify shall be incorporated into the organized forces of either party (Army, Police, Prisons, and Wildlife Forces), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service and civil society institutions.

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.3. In accordance with the Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period, no armed group allied to either party shall be allowed to operate outside the two forces. Other Armed Groups (OAGs) who have a desire and qualify shall be incorporated into the organized forces of either party (Army, Police, Prisons, and Wildlife Forces), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service and civil society institutions.

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.4. The Parties agree to adopt a collaborative approach for handling OAGs and to establish by D day + 15 days an OAGs Collaborative Committee (CC) which shall comprise equal number of representatives from both parties (three each) and an independent observer from UN.

Page 12-13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.5. The OAGs CC shall, inter alia, perform the following functions:
11.5.1. Ascertain strength and armament conditions of all OAGs units which shall be verified by the VMT until UN monitors take over;
11.5.2. Ensure freedom of choice for all OAGs personnel as to the party they so desire to be incorporated in;
11.5.3. Ensure free and fair access of the parties to the OAGs;
11.5.4. Supervise and review incorporation processes of both parties;
11.5.5. Provide a forum for the parties to exchange information and data on the OAGs as well as handling complaints that pertain to their incorporation process and their activities;
11.5.6. Receive regular updates on the progress of the OAGs incorporation;
11.5.7. Keep the Ceasefire Political Committee abreast on the progress of the OAGs incorporation;
11.5.8. Monitor the DDR programme for the OAGs.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.6. DDR programme for the OAGs shall be worked out by Southern Sudan DDR Commission (SDDRC) by the end of the Pre-Interim Period with technical assistance from international experts. All integration options shall be open in that programme.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.7. Upon signature of this Agreement, the process of incorporation of individual members of all other armed groups, who desire and qualify shall start as soon as possible into the ranks of either SAF or SPLA or integrated into organized forces (police, prisons and wildlife services), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service or civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.8. By D Day + 6 months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee after ascertaining the strength and armament conditions of OAGs units, shall ensure freedom of choice for all OAGs members to join either Party they so desire to be incorporated in, provided that no other armed groups shall continue to have a separate existence outside the command of either SAF or SPLA.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.9. By D Day + 12 Months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee shall finish the incorporation process of OAGs members who desire and qualify into the armed forces of either Party and police, prisons, wildlife service and civil service.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.10. When the incorporation process of OAGs referred to above in subsection 11.9 is completed, the incorporated OAGs members shall not be allowed to decamp from one Party to the other nor to change from police, prisons, wildlife and civil service to the military.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.11. The Parties commit themselves, through OAGs Collaborative Committee and Incorporation and Reintegration of Adhoc Committees, to jointly brief all the OAGs about the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and their rights and obligations in the Agreement so as to ensure that they adhere to and respect all the provisions of the Areement.

Page 14, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.12. The Southern Sudan DDR Commission shall continue the reintegration process of the demobilized and disarmed members of OAGs into the civil service and civil society institutions in Southern Sudan, with a follow up of the OAGs Collaborative Committee.

Page 14, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.13. The Parties shall not entertain, encourage, or permit reincorporation/defection of groups or individuals who were previously members or associated with any OAGs and have been incorporated into either party organized forces. Such act, if committed by either party, shall constitute a violation to sub-section 10.1.8 of this Agreement.

~

Page 4, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.4. The Parties agree that inclusiveness is of the essence to this agreement and shall engage the other armed roups and political forces to become part of the peace process, play a role thereto and contribute to the sustenance of this Agreement;

Page 4, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.7. The Parties shall, within the territorial jurisdiction of the Ceasefire Agreement, provide and share information and statistics on their troops strength, arms and military equipment and any other relevant information, among themselves and with the UN Peace Support Mission;

Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.11. The Parties agree to inform the rank and file of their armed forces as a way of popularizing the Ceasefire Agreement;

Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.12. The Parties shall commit themselves that all forces, troops under their respective command and forces allied and affiliated to them at all levels and rank and file shall fully cease fire and stop hostilities;

Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.13. The Parties shall endeavour to promote and disseminate peace culture and confidence building measures among and between the people as well as their forces as integral part of ceasefire arrangements and sustenance of the peace;

Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.14. The Parties agree not to arm, train, harbour on their respective areas of control, or render any form of support to external subversive elements or internal armed groups;

Page 6, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 5. Principles of the Ceasefire:
5.2. The ceasefire shall uphold the following principles:
5.2.1 Permanent cessation of hostilities between SAF and SPLA within 72 hours of the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

Page 7, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.1 Phase I: The Pre-interim Period duration 6 months (D-day to D-day + 6 months) ceasefire activities shall start (as per attached lists), including the redeployment of SAF from the South to the North, the beginning of the Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-integration and Reconciliation (DDRR), the redeployment of SPLA forces from Eastern Sudan, the formation, co-location in training centres, training of the Joint/Integrated Units (JIUs) and the UN monitoring.

Page 7, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.2 Phase II: First half of the Interim Period duration 36 months (D-day+ 6 months to D-day + 42 months). This phase shall cover the completion of deployment of the
JIUs, redeployment of the SPLA forces from the Eastern Sudan to the south, redeployment of the SPLA forces from Nuba Mountains and Southern Blue Nile to the south and redeployment of SAF from the South to the North. The DDR activities shall continue. The negotiations on proportionate downsizing shall also start at this phase.

Page 8, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 8. Disengagement:
8.2. On the declaration of the ceasefire, the forces of the SAF, inclusive of their allied forces and the SPLA, inclusive of their allied forces, shall maintain their current positions.

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.1. In accordance with Article 7 (a) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the Parties agree to expedite the process of incorporation and reintegration of armed groups allied to either Party, into their armed forces, other organized forces, the civil service and civil societal institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.7. Upon signature of this Agreement, the process of incorporation of individual members of all other armed groups, who desire and qualify shall start as soon as possible into the ranks of either SAF or SPLA or integrated into organized forces (police, prisons and wildlife services), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service or civil society institutions.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.8. By D Day + 6 months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee after ascertaining the strength and armament conditions of OAGs units, shall ensure freedom of choice for all OAGs members to join either Party they so desire to be incorporated in, provided that no other armed groups shall continue to have a separate existence outside the command of either SAF or SPLA.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.9. By D Day + 12 Months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee shall finish the incorporation process of OAGs members who desire and qualify into the armed forces of either Party and police, prisons, wildlife service and civil service.

Page 13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.10. When the incorporation process of OAGs referred to above in subsection 11.9 is completed, the incorporated OAGs members shall not be allowed to decamp from one Party to the other nor to change from police, prisons, wildlife and civil service to the military.

Page 14-15, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14. The Ceasefire Political Commission (CPC):
14.2 The CPC shall be a political decision making body composed of:
14.2.2. One senior officer each from SAF and SPLA;

Page 16, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.3. The CJMC shall be a military decision making body and shall be composed of: [...] 14.6.3.4. Three senior officers from SPLA;

Page 18, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.7 Area Joint Military Committee (AJMC):
14.7.1 The AJMC that shall be established in Juba, Malakal, Wau, Kaduli, Abyei, Damazien or Kurmuk, and shall be composed as follows:
14.7.1.2 Equal number of senior officers from SAF and SPLA;

Page 18, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.7 Area Joint Military Committee (AJMC):
14.7.2 AJMC shall be established in Kassala or Hamashkoreb in Eastern Sudan to monitor and verify the redeployment of SPLA forces as provided in sub-section 4 (c)(v)(a) of
Agreement on Security Arrangements;

Page 20, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.8. SAF and SPLA members of AJMCs and JMTs shall have the right to participate in verification and monitoring missions, however in case of failure of either or both Parties to participate, the mission shall still continue with its verification and monitoring tasks.

Page 23, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 18. Redeployment:
18.3. SPLA commits to redeploy its forces pursuant to Article 3 (c) and Article 4 (c) (V) (a) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements as detailed below.

Page 23, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 18. Redeployment:
18.4. The SPLA forces in the eastern Sudan shall be redeployed to the south of North/South border of 1/1/1956 beginning from pre-interim period according to the following steps:
a) Reduction by 30% by D-day + four months.
b) Reduction by 40% by D-day+ 8 months.
c) Complete redeployment of the remainder 30% by D-day 12 months.

Page 23, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 18. Redeployment:
18.5. The SPLA shall complete redeployment of its excess forces from Southern Blue Nile and Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains within six months of the deployment of the JIUs in those areas.

Page 23, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 18. Redeployment:
18.6. Without prejudice to the Agreement on the Security Arrangements and the right of Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) Command to deploy forces all over North Sudan as it deems fit, SAF troop levels in Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile during the Interim Period shall be determined by the Presidency.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.1. There shall be formed Joint/Integrated Units (hereinafter referred to as JIUs) during the pre-interim and the interim period from the SAF and the SPLA. This shall form the nucleus of the future Sudanese National Armed Forces (SNAF) should the result of the
referendum on the right of self-determination for the people of Southern Sudan confirm unity of the country.

Page 24, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.2. If the result of the referendum is in favour of secession of the South from the North, the JIUs shall dissolve with each component reverting to its mother Armed Forces to pave the way for the formation of the separate Armed Forces for the emerging states.

Page 25, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.7. The JIUs command shall be exercised on parity basis between SAF and the SPLA officers with alternation of roles at the uppermost and other levels of command.

Page 26, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.11. JIUs Command and Control: The JIUs Headquarters is under command of JDB and shall be located in Juba. The JIUs command shall perform among other things, the following duties and responsibilities:
20.11.1. Command of the JIUs formations and units;
20.11.2. Promotion of mutual cooperation between the JIUs, SAF and SPLA at all command levels;

Page 27, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.13. The JIUs Composition and organization: 20.13.1 Composition:
20.13.1.1. The JIUs shall initially be formed from SAF and SPLA, out of their ground forces;
20.13.1.2. By D-Day + 12 months, SPLA nominated personnel shall commence training in the service arms of the Airforce, Navy and Air Defence, so as to make available SPLA contribution to the JIUs Service Arms which shall be established as per sub-section 20.13.1.3 below;
20.13.1.3. By D-Day+36 months, the first JIUs service arms unit shall be established, others shall follow according to the graduation of qualified SPLA JIUs personnel as
determined by the JDB, further training may continue according to the needs as may be decided by the JDB;
20.13.1.4. SAF component of the JIUs service arms shall be nominated and assigned as soon as the SPLA component of JIUs service arms is trained and graduated;
20.13.1.5. JIUs Service Arms of the Airforce, Navy and Air Defence shall be part of the overall number of forces of the JIUs already agreed to by the Parties.

Page 28, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:
20.13. The JIUs Composition and organization: 20.13.2 Organization: 20.13.2.5. JIUs battalion shall be formed of two SAF companies and two SPLA companies, whereas the HQs Company and the support company shall be mixed. The size of the forces in each locality shall not exceed one infantry battalion.

Page 30, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 21. Funding of the Armed Forces:
21.1. During the Interim Period, SAF forces and JIUs shall be funded by the National Government, whereas the SPLA forces shall be funded by the Government of Southern Sudan, subject to the principle of proportional downsizing as per Security Arrangements Protocol and the approval of Southern Sudan Legislature. To meet this obligation, the Government of Southern Sudan shall raise financial resources from both local and foreign sources and seek international assistance. These financial resources shall be channeled through the Bank of Southern Sudan and managed according to the principles of Wealth Sharing Protocol.

Page 43, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: First half of the Interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 2. Completion of SPLA redeployment from Eastern Sudan; Proposed time: D-Day+12 months; Responsible Authority: The SPLA and the UN monitoring mission

Page 43, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: First half of the Interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 3. Beginning of training of SPLA nominated personnel to JIUs service arms; Proposed time: D-Day+12 months; Responsible Authority: The two parties

Page 44, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: First half of the Interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 6. Completion of SPLA redeployment from Nuba Mountains and Southern Blue Nile; Proposed time: D-Day+15 months; Responsible Authority: The SPLA and the UN monitoring mission
Withdrawal of foreign forces: Page 14, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 12. Foreign Insurgency Groups:
12.1. The parties appreciate the threat and menace that the foreign insurgency groups pose on the security and stability of the Sudan and neighboring countries.

Page 14, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 12. Foreign Insurgency Groups:
12.2. The parties have resolved to end the presence of the foreign insurgency groups on the Sudanese soil;

Page 14, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 12. Foreign Insurgency Groups:
12.3. The parties shall work together to disarm, repatriate or expel these groups as soon as possible.
Corruption: Page 30-31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.1. In order to facilitate the removal and withdrawal of the military and paramilitary forces from areas where they were previously located and in order to return societal order and harmony, in accordance with the law, in compliance with national and international acceptable standards and with accountability to the Courts and civil Administration, the police at the appropriate level during the ceasefire shall: [...]
22.1.3. Prevent and detect crimes.
22.1.8. Combat illicit trafficking in narcotics, drugs and illegal trade in firearms and other organized and transboundary crimes in the area;
22.1.9. Control illegal presence and movement of aliens in the area;
22.1.10. Collect data and information on criminal matters that threaten implementation of the peace agreement in the area.
22.1.12. Combat corruption at all levels of government and civil society; and
Crime/organised crime: Page 30-31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.1. In order to facilitate the removal and withdrawal of the military and paramilitary forces from areas where they were previously located and in order to return societal order and harmony, in accordance with the law, in compliance with national and international acceptable standards and with accountability to the Courts and civil Administration, the police at the appropriate level during the ceasefire shall: [...]
22.1.3. Prevent and detect crimes.
22.1.8. Combat illicit trafficking in narcotics, drugs and illegal trade in firearms and other organized and transboundary crimes in the area;
22.1.9. Control illegal presence and movement of aliens in the area;
22.1.10. Collect data and information on criminal matters that threaten implementation of the peace agreement in the area.
22.1.12. Combat corruption at all levels of government and civil society; and
Drugs: Page 30-31, Part Two, The Armed Forces, 22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security
22.1. In order to facilitate the removal and withdrawal of the military and paramilitary forces from areas where they were previously located and in order to return societal order and harmony, in accordance with the law, in compliance with national and international acceptable standards and with accountability to the Courts and civil Administration, the police at the appropriate level during the ceasefire shall: [...]
22.1.3. Prevent and detect crimes.
22.1.8. Combat illicit trafficking in narcotics, drugs and illegal trade in firearms and other organized and transboundary crimes in the area;
22.1.9. Control illegal presence and movement of aliens in the area;
22.1.10. Collect data and information on criminal matters that threaten implementation of the peace agreement in the area.
22.1.12. Combat corruption at all levels of government and civil society; and
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: Transitional justice→Courts→National courts
Page 11, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 10. Violations:
10.2 In event of any violation to provisions of this Agreement, the CJMC will determine appropriate disciplinary measures which may include, where appropriate, the following: [...]
10.2.3. Recommend referral to civil, criminal trial procedures, or court-martial of individual or parties involved as applicable;
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.8. The Parties shall commit themselves to immediate release of prisoners of war (POWs) and as a gesture of national reconciliation release any other persons detained as a result of the war upon the endorsement of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement;

Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.9. The Parties shall involve the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in the process of arraning the release of POWs and other persons detained as a result of the war;

1.9 ICRC to be involved in the process of arranging the releases;

Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
27.2. The Parties agree that the issue of the release of all civil political detainees as part of the confidence building measures, national healing and reconciliation process shall be discussed on and dealt with within the discussions on the implementation modalities.

Page 42, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 10. Release of POWs; Proposed time: DD+ 30 days; Responsible Authority: The parties and ICRC
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.10. The Parties shall commit themselves to render and facilitate humanitarian assistance through creation of conditions conducive to the provision of urgent humanitarian assistance to displaced persons, refugees and other affected persons and their right to return;
Missing persons: Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
27.1. Upon signature of the comprehensive peace agreement, the Parties shall:
27.1.1. exchange information on Missing in Action and shall trace them to their best efforts;
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 3, Preamble:
REITERATE their commitment to the final, just and comprehensive peace settlement, the security, welfare and stability of the Sudanese people within the framework of a true and sincere national reconciliation;

Page 5, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.8. The Parties shall commit themselves to immediate release of prisoners of war (POWs) and as a gesture of national reconciliation release any other persons detained as a result of the war upon the endorsement of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement;

Page 6, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 5. Principles of the Ceasefire:
5.1. The Parties agree to a permanent ceasefire among all their forces with the broader objective of sustaining the comprehensive peace agreement, promoting peace culture, reconciliation and confidence building;

Page 32, Part Three, DDR
23. Objectives: 23.2 The DDR programme shall take place within a comprehensive process of national reconciliation and healing through out the country as part of the peace and confidence building measures.

Page 35, Part Three, DDR, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
27.2. The Parties agree that the issue of the release of all civil political detainees as part of the confidence building measures, national healing and reconciliation process shall be discussed on and dealt with within the discussions on the implementation modalities.

Page 36, Part Three, DDR, 27. Humanitarian and General Provisions
27.5. The Parties shall call upon the governments at all levels, civil societal organizations, political forces, national NGOs and international community to assist and facilitate the reconciliation process at grass root levels.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: WITNESSED BY: Lt. Gen. Lazaro K. Sum be iy wo (Rtd), Ambassador and Kenya Special Envoy for the Sudan Peace Process
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 4, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 1. General and Fundamental Provisions
1.7. The Parties shall, within the territorial jurisdiction of the Ceasefire Agreement, provide and share information and statistics on their troops strength, arms and military equipment and any other relevant information, among themselves and with the UN Peace Support Mission;

Page 7, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.1 Phase I: The Pre-interim Period duration 6 months (D-day to D-day + 6 months) ceasefire activities shall start (as per attached lists), including the redeployment of SAF from the South to the North, the beginning of the Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-integration and Reconciliation (DDRR), the redeployment of SPLA forces from Eastern Sudan, the formation, co-location in training centres, training of the Joint/Integrated Units (JIUs) and the UN monitoring.

Page 8, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities: 7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:
7.1.3 Phase III: Second half of the Interim Period duration 36 months (D-day + 42 months to D-day + 78 months). Continuation of DDR process, training and the monitoring process. Development of plans and modalities of transforming the JIUs into integrated ones.

Page 8, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 8. Disengagement:
8.1. There shall be lines of disengagement according to the assembly areas, as specified in Annex 1, and shall be adjusted by the monitors of the UN Peace Support Mission.

Page 8, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 8. Disengagement:
8.4. All forces shall be disengaged, separated, encamped in their assembly points, and redeployed subject to international monitoring arrangements.

Page 9, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 8. Disengagement:
8.6. To safeguard against the menace and hazards posed by landmines and unexploded ordnance, the Parties agree that: 8.6.4. The Parties shall conduct de-mining activities as soon as possible, and in coordination with the UN Peace Support Mission with a view to create the conditions necessary for deployment of the UN Peace Support Mission and the return of displaced populations;

Page 9, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 8. Disengagement:
8.6. To safeguard against the menace and hazards posed by landmines and unexploded ordnance, the Parties agree that: 8.6.5. The UN Peace Support Mission, in conjunction with United Nations Mine Action Office, will assist the Parties' de-mining efforts by providing technical advice and coordination. The Parties shall, as necessary, seek additional de-mining assistance and advice from the UN Peace Support Mission;

Page 9, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 8. Disengagement:
8.6. To safeguard against the menace and hazards posed by landmines and unexploded ordnance, the Parties agree that: 8.6.6 The Parties shall establish by D Day + 30 Days two demining authorities (Northern and Southern) that shall work together and coordinate their de-mining activities and to work jointly in close cooperation with UN Mine Action Office;

Page 9, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 8. Disengagement:
8.7. Before the declaration of the ceasefire, the Parties shall present detailed lists of size and location of their forces in each area to United Nations Advanced Mission in Sudan (UNAMIS), subject by verification of the Verification and Monitoring Team (VMT) and Joint Military Commission (JMC) Nuba Mountains. Such lists shall be attached to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

Page 10, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 8. Disengagement:
8.9. The Parties agree and in collaboration with the UN Peace Support Mission to pull back all the weapons of effective range fire within the other Party's assembly areas.

Page 10, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 9. Permitted Activities:
In view of negative consequences of war, the key principle that shall underpin permitted activities shall be to alleviate the effects of the war on the civilians and war-affected areas and to galvanize popular support for peace. Permitted activities shall therefore include:
9.1. De-mining and decommissioning of military hazards (this shall be done in collaboration with other bodies referred to in 8.6 herein, according to agreed timetables and mechanisms, and under UN monitoring); [...]
9.6. Re-supply of armed forces lethal items as shall be deemed appropriate by the JDB and coordinated with UN Mission; [...]
9.9. During the disengagement of forces, they shall not exercise any military activities except the following: 9.9.1. Training and refresher training (UN Mission shall be
informed of such training - location, duration and type); particularly the field training of platoon level and higher;

Page 12, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.4. The Parties agree to adopt a collaborative approach for handling OAGs and to establish by D day + 15 days an OAGs Collaborative Committee (CC) which shall comprise equal number of representatives from both parties (three each) and an independent observer from UN.

Page 12-13, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 11. Other Armed Groups:
11.5. The OAGs CC shall, inter alia, perform the following functions:
11.5.1. Ascertain strength and armament conditions of all OAGs units which shall be verified by the VMT until UN monitors take over; [...]

Page 16, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.3. The CJMC shall be a military decision making body and shall be composed of:
14.6.3.1. The Force Commander of the UN Monitoring Mission (Chair),
14.6.3.2. The Deputy Force Commander from countries acceptable to the Parties. Considering that the official working languages in Sudan are Arabic and English;

Page 16-17, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.5. The CJMC shall have the following functions:
14.6.5.16. be responsible for executing peace support operations in collaboration with VMT, JMC and CPMT, until the deployment of the UN monitors; after which the roles of the latter shall cease to exist;

Page 18, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.7 Area Joint Military Committee (AJMC):
14.7.1 The AJMC that shall be established in Juba, Malakal, Wau, Kaduli, Abyei, Damazien or Kurmuk, and shall be composed as follows:
14.7.1.1 The most senior UN Officer in the Area, Chairperson;
14.7.1.2 Equal number of senior officers from SAF and SPLA;
14.7.1.3 UN monitors.

Page 19, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.1. The Parties agree to request the United Nations to constitute a lean, effective, sustainable and affordable UN Peace Support Mission to monitor and verify this Agreement and to support the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement as provided for under Chapter VI of the UN Charter;

Page 19, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.3. International monitoring shall be carried out by UN, considering that the official working languages in Sudan are Arabic and English, who may make the use of the services of UN protection unit. The size of the UN Peace Support Mission, including any UN force protection element, shall be determined by the UN in consultation with the Parties.

Page 19, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.4. For the purpose of monitoring activities related to the ceasefire, the international monitors shall have unrestricted access in accordance with a Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA), which shall be concluded with the United Nations as soon as possible. Such SOFA shall contain the provisions agreed to by the Parties with the United Nations immediately following the conclusion of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

Page 19, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.5. The parties agree that the presence and size of the UN peace support mission shall be determined by the implementation time table of this Agreement (disengagement, disarmament, redeployment, etc) and shall gradually phase out with successful implementation of the time tables, increased confidence building, and commitment of the parties towards the implementation of this Agreement.

Page 19-20, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.6. The Parties agree to request the UN to provide cultural orientation to all its members to create conducive atmosphere for respect and better understanding of social values and cultures so as to ensure effective
implementation of this Areement;

Page 20, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.7. The Parties undertake to respect the exclusively international nature of the UN Peace Support Mission as in terms of flag, vehicle markings, communication, travel and transport, privileges and immunities, facilities, provisions, supplies, services, sanitary arrangements, recruitment of local personnel, currency, entry, residence, departure, uniform, arms, permits and licences, military police, arrest, transfer of
custody, mutual assistance, jurisdiction, deceased members and settlement of disputes;

Page 20, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.8. SAF and SPLA members of AJMCs and JMTs shall have the right to participate in verification and monitoring missions, however in case of failure of either or both Parties to participate, the mission shall still continue with its verification and monitoring tasks.

Page 20, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.9. The Verification and Monitoring Team (VMT), the Joint Military Commission (JMC) in Nuba Mountains and the Civilian Protection Monitoring Team (CPMT) shall continue performing their duties, under operational control of the UN Mission, according to their present and/or expanded mandate, fill the gap and carry out duties as shall be entrusted to them by the Parties until the UN Mission is operational, after which their roles shall cease to exist.

Page 34-35, Part Three, DDR, 25. DDR Institutions:
25.2. Until the aforementioned institutions are established the Parties agree to put in place Interim DDR bodies to: 25.2.4. Coordinate with the UN-DPKO mission on issues pertaining to DDR.

[Summary: Page 36-41, Annex 1: Assembly Areas: this Annex provides assembly points for the SAF and SPLA in Equatoria, Upper Nile, Western Upper Nile, Eastern Upper Nile, Bahr el Ghazal, Southern Blue Nile. Additionally, the SAF will be assembled in Abyei and the SPLA will be assembled in Gong Mabil. In regards to Eastern Sudan, the UN monitoring mission is to determine SAF and SPLA assembly areas in the region. Finally, notwithstanding sub-section 10.1. of the Protocol on the Resolution of the Conflict of Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States and sub-section 18.6 of this agreement, the Parties agreed that the SAF would reduce forces in the Nuba Mountains to peace-time standards, and assembly areas will be created by both Parties in order to establish JIUs in the area.]

Page 42, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 13. Establishment of CJMC; Proposed time: M-Day+30 days Operational by M - day + 45 days; Responsible Authority: The two parties + donors + UN

Page 42, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 13. Establishment of CJMC; Proposed time: M-Day+30 days Operational by M - day + 45 days; Responsible Authority: The two parties + donors + UN

Page 43, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 15. Disengagement and separation of forces, (phase one); Proposed time: D-Day+ 30 days ; Responsible Authority: The two parties and the UN monitoring mission

Page 43, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 17.Deployment of UN monitoring mission; Proposed time: Starts M-Day+ 30 days; Responsible Authority: The UN

Page 43, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 18. Establishment of AJMC and JMTs; Proposed time: Starts M-Day+75 days, operational by M - day + 90 day; Responsible Authority: The two parties and the UN

Page 43, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 19. Mandate of the current monitoring teams ends and UN verification and monitoring starts; Proposed time: M-Day+ 90 days; Responsible Authority: The two parties and The UN monitoring mission

Page 43, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 20. Redeployment of SAF and SPLA as per section 18 of this Agreement; Proposed time: D-Day+ 90 days; Responsible Authority: The two parties and The UN monitoring mission

Page 43, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 23. Concentration of forces in agreed upon assembly areas; Proposed time: D-Day+ 90 days; Responsible Authority: The two parties and The UN monitoring mission

Page 43, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: First half of the Interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 2. Completion of SPLA redeployment from Eastern Sudan; Proposed time: D-Day+12 months; Responsible Authority: The SPLA and the UN monitoring mission

Page 44, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: First half of the Interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 6. Completion of SPLA redeployment from Nuba Mountains and Southern Blue Nile; Proposed time: D-Day+15 months; Responsible Authority: The SPLA and the UN monitoring mission

Page 44, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: First half of the Interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 7. Completion of SAF redeployment from south to North Sudan; Proposed time: D-Day+30 months; Responsible Authority: The SAF and
the UN monitoring mission

Page 44, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: First half of the Interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 10. The UN verification and
monitoring; Proposed time: Continue; Responsible Authority: The UN monitoring mission

Page 45, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Second half of the Interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 4.Termination of UN Monitoring Mission; Proposed time: D-day + 78 months; Responsible Authority: The two parties

Page 45, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Second half of the Interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 5.Extension of the mandate of UN
Monitoring Mission; Proposed time: Depending on the recommendations of ex-post appraisal by the parties; Responsible Authority: The two parties
Enforcement mechanism: Page 15, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14. The Ceasefire Political Commission (CPC): 14.5. The mandate and functions of the CPC shall be to:
14.5.1. supervise, monitor and oversee the implementation of this Agreement;

Page 16-17, Part One - The Ceasefire Arrangements, 14.6. Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC): 14.6.5. The CJMC shall have the following functions:
14.6.5.1. Oversee compliance of the Parties to their obligations under this Agreement;
14.6.5.2. Coordinate planning, monitoring and verification of the implementation of this
Agreement;

Page 19, Part One, 15. UN Peace Support Mission
15.1. The Parties agree to request the United Nations to constitute a lean, effective, sustainable and affordable UN Peace Support Mission to monitor and verify this Agreement and to support the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement as provided for under Chapter VI of the UN Charter;

Page 42, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 12. Establishment of CPC; Proposed time: D-Day+ 30 days; Responsible Authority: The two parties

Page 42, Annex 2: Calendar and Timetable of Major Ceasefire Activities: Pre-interim Period: Major ceasefire activities: 13. Establishment of CJMC; Proposed time: M-Day+30 days Operational by M - day + 45 days; Responsible Authority: The two parties + donors + UN
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Peacemaker.un.org,. 2015. 'UN Peacemaker'. http://peacemaker.un.org.;
Unmis.unmissions.org,. 2015. 'United Nations Missions In Sudan (UNMIS)'. http://unmis.unmissions.org/.

AGREEMENT ON PERMANENT CEASEFIRE AND SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS IMPLEMENTATION MODALITIES BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SUDAN (GOS) AND THE SUDAN PEOPLES LIBERATION MOVEMENT/SUDAN PEOPLES LIBERATION ARMY (SPLM/SPLA) DURING THE PRE-INTERIM AND INTERIM PERIODS

WHEREAS the Government of the Republic of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Sudan People's Liberation Army hereinafter referred to as the "Parties" have concluded the Agreement on Security Arranements Durin the Interim Period, dated 25th September, 2003;

AND WHEREAS the Parties havin met in Nairobi and Naivasha, Kenya, from 27th June 2004 throuh 31st December, 2004 under the auspices of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Peace Process to neotiate a Comprehensive and Permanent Ceasefire Areement to supplement the Areement on Security Arranements in order to achieve a Comprehensive Peace Agreement in the Sudan;

NOW RECORD THAT the Parties have reached specific Agreement on Permanent Ceasefire and Security Arrangements Implementation Modalities during the Pre-Interim and Interim Periods, the initialed text of which is annexed hereto and shall be an integral part of the Comprehensive Peace Areement.

Lt. Gen. Mohamed Elhassan El Fadil Cdr.

Taban Deng Gai

For: The Government of Sudan For:

The Sudan People's

Liberation Movement/Army

WITNESSED BY:

Lt.

Gen. Lazaro K. Sumbeiywo (Rtd)

Ambassador and Kenya Special Envoy

For the Sudan Peace Process

AGREEMENT ON PERMANENT CEASEFIRE AND SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS IMPLEMENTATION MODALITIES DURING THE PRE-INTERIM AND THE INTERIM PERIODS BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SUDAN (GOS) AND THE SUDAN PEOPLE'S LIBERATION MOVEMENT/SUDAN PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY (SPLM/SPLA)

NAIVASHA 31ST DECEMBER, 2004

PREAMBLE:

WHEREAS the Government of the Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) (the Parties) having met in Naivasha and Nairobi, Kenya, from 27th June, 2004 through 26th July, 2004 under the auspices of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Peace Process, and sought political guidance of the Fifth High Level Consultative Meeting convened in Nairobi, Kenya from 7th October 2004 throuh 15th October 2004, in respect of the issues related to permanent ceasefire and details of the security arrangements;

RECOGNIZE that a viable ceasefire can meaninfully be realized through adherence and commitment to the Machakos Protocol dated 20th July 2002, Agreement on Security Arranements During the Interim Period, dated 25th September 2003, the Protocol on Power Sharing dated 26th May, 2004,

Protocol on the Resolution of the Conflict in Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile States dated 26th May 2004 and the Protocol on the Resolution of the Conflict in Abyei Area dated 26th May 2004;

RECALL the Memorandum of Understanding on Cessation of Hostilities between the GOS and SPLM/A signed on 15th October, 2002 and its addendum of 4th February 2003 that have ushered in periods of tranquility;

AWARE of the overwhelming support shown by the Sudanese people to the aforementioned six protocols that have resolved the outstandin issues of conflict in the Sudan, the irreversible peace process and the need for an expeditious conclusion of the comprehensive peace agreement;

REITERATE their commitment to the final, just and comprehensive peace settlement, the security, welfare and stability of the Sudanese people within the framework of a true and sincere national reconciliation;

MINDFUL of the fact that other related international conventions such as Article 52 UN Charter on regional arrangements for dealin with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action, the provisions of Article 3 of the African Union Charter which, inter alia, uarantee all Member States the right to their sovereignty and territorial interity are all critical to the peace process, if strictly adhered to;

Aware of the fact that, Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of ex-combatants are crucial components for a secure and peaceful Sudan and commit themselves to credible, transparent and effective DDR processes which will support the ex-combatants' transition to a productive civilian life;

THE PARTIES HEREBY AGREE AS FOLLOWS:

PART ONE

The Ceasefire Arrangements

1. General and Fundamental Provisions

1.1. The Parties agree that the national ownership of the peace process, political will, and continuous dialogue are indispensable elements for sustainable peace.

They shall collaborate to observe and respect the Ceasefire and resort to their own wisdom to contain and solve any problem that may arise;

1.2. The Parties shall always refrain from any act or acts that may in any way spoil the peace process.

They shall unceasingly create and maintain a conducive atmosphere for peace and tranquility;

1.3. The Parties shall abide by ood overnance, democracy and foster civil society;

1.4. The Parties agree that inclusiveness is of the essence to this agreement and shall engage the other armed roups and political

forces to become part of the peace process, play a role thereto and contribute to the sustenance of this Agreement;

1.5. The Ceasefire Areement shall ensure clarity by eliminating any room for ambiguity in all elements of the Ceasefire Agreement;

1.6. The Ceasefire Agreement shall uarantee the free movement of people, goods and services throughout Sudan;

1.7. The Parties shall, within the territorial jurisdiction of the Ceasefire Agreement, provide and share information and statistics on their troops strength, arms and military equipment and any other relevant information, among themselves and with the UN Peace Support Mission;

1.8. The Parties shall commit themselves to immediate release of prisoners of war (POWs) and as a esture of national reconciliation release any other persons detained as a result of the war upon the endorsement of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement;

1.9. The Parties shall involve the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in the process of arraning the release of POWs and other persons detained as a result of the war;

1.10.

The Parties shall commit themselves to render and facilitate humanitarian assistance through creation of conditions conducive to

the provision of urgent humanitarian assistance to displaced persons, refuees and other affected persons and their right to return;

1.11.

The Parties agree to inform the rank and file of their armed forces as a way of popularizing the Ceasefire Agreement;

1.12.

The Parties shall commit themselves that all forces, troops under their respective command and forces allied and affiliated to them at all levels and rank and file shall fully cease fire and stop hostilities;

1.13.

The Parties shall endeavour to promote and disseminate peace culture and confidence building measures among and between the people as well as their forces as interal part of ceasefire arrangements and sustenance of the peace;

1.14.

The Parties agree not to arm, train, harbour on their respective areas of control, or render any form of support to external subversive

elements or internal armed groups;

1.15.

Nothing in this areement shall in any way undermine the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Sudan.

2. Entry into Force:

The Ceasefire Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the Areement or this Agreement) shall come into effect from the date of signature of

the Comprehensive Peace Areement (that day hereafter referred to as D-Day).

3. Amendment of this Agreement:

This Areement may only be amended by the Presidency upon recommendation of the Ceasefire Political Commission.

4. The Parties of the Agreement:

The Parties to this Agreement shall be:

4.1. The Sudan Armed Forces (SAF), with all its formations and units;

and

4.2. The Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), with all its formations and units.

5. Principles of the Ceasefire:

5.1. The Parties agree to a permanent ceasefire among all their forces with the broader objective of sustaining the comprehensive peace

agreement, promoting peace culture, reconciliation and confidence building;

5.2. The ceasefire shall uphold the following principles:

5.2.1 Permanent cessation of hostilities between SAF and SPLA within 72 hours of the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

5.3. The permanent cessation of hostilities shall include final termination of the following activities:

5.3.1.

Military activities including movement, reconnaissance, reinforcement, recruitment, draft, and military exercises other than those permitted by the Joint Defence Board (JDB).

The JDB will inform the UN Peace Support Mission of permitted current and future activities;

5.3.2.

Land, air, and river operations;

5.3.3.

Layin of mines and other subversive activities;

5.3.4.

Use of force against and abuse of civilians;

5.3.5.

Replenishment of ammunition, weapons and other lethal or military equipment;

5.3.6.

Hostile propaganda from inside or outside the country;

5.3.7.

Occupation of new locations;

5.3.8.

Any other actions that may impede the normal proress of the ceasefire process.

6. The Ceasefire Zone:

The scope of the ceasefire shall be:

6.1. Southern Sudan, which shall be subdivided, for all the purposes of ceasefire and monitoring activities, into three areas of:

a) Bahr el Ghazal Area;

b) Equatorial Area;

c) Upper Nile Area.

6.2 Nuba Mountains Area;

6.3 Southern Blue Nile Area;

6.4 Abyei Area;

6.5 Eastern Sudan Area (Hamashkoreb, new Rasai, Kotaneb, Tamarat, and Khor Khawaga).

7. Duration and Calendar of Major Ceasefire Activities:

7.1. Duration of the ceasefire shall be divided into four phases:

7.1.1 Phase I:

The Pre-interim Period duration 6 months (D-day to D-day + 6 months) ceasefire activities shall start (as per attached lists), including the redeployment of SAF from the South to the North, the beinning of the Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-integration and Reconciliation (DDRR), the redeployment of SPLA forces from Eastern Sudan, the formation, co-location in training centres, training of the Joint/Integrated Units (JIUs) and the UN monitoring.

7.1.2 Phase II:

First half of the Interim Period duration 36 months (D-day+ 6 months to D-day + 42 months).

This phase shall cover the completion of deployment of the JIUs, redeployment of the SPLA forces from the Eastern Sudan to the south, redeployment of the SPLA forces from Nuba Mountains and Southern Blue Nile to the south and redeployment of SAF from the South to the North.

The DDR activities shall continue.

The negotiations on proportionate downsizin shall also start at this phase.

7.1.3 Phase III:

Second half of the Interim Period duration 36 months (D-day + 42 months to D-day + 78 months).

Continuation of DDR process, training and the monitoring process.

Development of plans and modalities of

transforming the JIUs into integrated ones.

7.1.4 Phase IV:

Post Interim Period duration 6 months ( D- day + 78 months to D-day + 84 months).

Formation of Sudan National Armed Forces (SNAF) in case of unity or dissolution of JIUs in case of secession.

7.2. The Calendar of major ceasefire activities is agreed by the parties as per Annex 2.

8. Disengagement:

8.1. There shall be lines of disengagement according to the assembly areas, as specified in Annex 1, and shall be adjusted by the

monitors of the UN Peace Support Mission.

8.2. On the declaration of the ceasefire, the forces of the SAF, inclusive of their allied forces and the SPLA, inclusive of their allied forces, shall maintain their current positions.

8.3. All forces shall take defensive positions and be redeployed to assembly points within the first three months of the Pre-Interim Period according to the agreed timetable.

8.4. All forces shall be disengaged, separated, encamped in their assembly points, and redeployed subject to international monitoring arrangements.

8.5. The parties shall provide maps and sketches showing their current dispositions before the declaration of the ceasefire.

Such maps and sketches shall include:

8.5.1.

Current dispositions including deployment and weapons sites.

8.5.2.

All necessary information about roads, tracks, passages, minefields, and command posts.

8.6. To safeguard against the menace and hazards posed by landmines and unexploded ordnance, the Parties agree that:

8.6.1.

The layin of mines, explosive devices or booby traps of whatever type shall be prohibited;

8.6.2.

The Parties and forces under their control shall promptly provide on D - day to the Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC) all known information concerning the locations and descriptions of all minefields, unexploded ordnance, demolitions, booby traps and any other physical or military hazards which could affect the safe movement of persons, within the ceasefire zones.

The Parties shall also promptly produce a plan to mark and sinpost any danger areas and initiate this plan according to agreed priorities;

The Parties shall allow and facilitate cross-line de-mining activities, the repair and reopenin of roads and the removal, dismantling or destruction of mines, unexploded ordnance and all other such hazards as described above immediately upon the signature of this agreement;

8.6.3.

The Parties and forces under their control shall promptly provide to the CJMC information concerning the stockpiles of Anti Personal Mines;

8.6.4.

The Parties shall conduct de-mining activities as soon as possible, and in coordination with the UN Peace Support Mission with a view to create the conditions necessary for deployment of the UN Peace Support Mission and the return of displaced populations;

8.6.5.

The UN Peace Support Mission, in conjunction with United Nations Mine Action Office, will assist the Parties' de-mining efforts by providing technical advice and coordination.

The Parties shall, as necessary, seek additional de-mining assistance and advice from the UN

Peace Support Mission;

8.6.6 The Parties shall establish by D Day + 30 Days two demining authorities (Northern and Southern) that shall work together and coordinate their de-mining activities and to work jointly in close cooperation with UN Mine Action Office;

8.7. Before the declaration of the ceasefire, the Parties shall present detailed lists of size and location of their forces in each area to United Nations Advanced Mission in Sudan (UNAMIS), subject by verification of the Verification and Monitoring Team (VMT) and Joint Military Commission (JMC) Nuba Mountains.

Such lists shall be attached to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

8.8. Notwithstanding 8.7 above, the Parties shall present detailed lists of particulars of all troops to the Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC) or, pending the formation of the CJMC, to the VMT and JMC/Nuba.

The lists shall be verified by the CJMC and/or the VMT and JMC, as the case may be, immediately after the declaration of the ceasefire.

8.9. The Parties agree and in collaboration with the UN Peace Support Mission to pull back all the weapons of effective range fire within the other Party's assembly areas.

8.10.

The Parties shall provide detailed data on their inventories and stocks including different weapons and munitions, fuel oil and lubricants, etc.,

and their exact locations to CJMC or the VMT in the ceasefire zone.

Such inventories shall be verified immediately after the declaration of the ceasefire.

The Parties shall agree on ways and means of monitoring such stocks and/or stores to make sure that they are no longer accessible to the Parties.

9. Permitted Activities:

In view of neative consequences of war, the key principle that shall underpin permitted activities shall be to alleviate the effects of the war on the civilians and war-affected areas and to alvanize popular support for peace.

Permitted activities shall therefore include:

9.1. De-mining and decommissioning of military hazards (this shall be done in collaboration with other bodies referred to in 8.6 herein, accordin to agreed timetables and mechanisms, and under UN monitoring);

9.2. Development activities to include opening of roads, rehabilitation of bridges and passages, railways, airports and airstrips, and lines of river navigation etc;

9.3. Humanitarian activities such as securin unimpeded access to humanitarian relief according to agreed regulations;

9.4. Socioeconomic activities such as assistin free movement of people, goods and services;

9.5. Free movement of unarmed soldiers in plain clothes who are on leave, medical referrals, or visitin their families;

9.6. Re-supply of armed forces lethal items as shall be deemed appropriate by the JDB and coordinated with UN Mission;

9.7. Supply of non-lethal items (food, water, medicine, fuel oils and lubricants, stationery, uniforms, etc.);

9.8. Training and Refresher training.

9.9. During the disengagement of forces, they shall not exercise any military activities except the followin:

9.9.1.

Training and refresher training (UN Mission shall be informed of such training - location, duration and type);

particularly the field training of platoon level and higher;

9.9.2.

Administrative movement (e.g. replenishment with non-lethal supplies or equipments);

9.9.3.

Medical evacuation.

10. Violations:

10.1.

The following acts shall constitute violations to this Agreement:

10.1.1.

Any acts that may contravene this Areement;

10.1.2.

Unauthorized movement of troops;

10.1.3.

Unauthorized recruitment, draft and/or mobilization drive;

10.1.4.

Unauthorized replenishment of military equipment and supplies;

10.1.5.

Hostile acts that may provoke confrontation;

10.1.6.

Violation of human rights, humanitarian law and obstruction of freedom of movement;

10.1.7.

Hostile propaganda and media warfare;

10.1.8.

Espionage, sabotage, and acts of subversion to undermine either party and/or the Areement;

10.1.9.

Recruitment of child soldiers.

10.2 In event of any violation to provisions of this Agreement, the CJMC will determine appropriate disciplinary measures which may include, where appropriate, the following:

10.2.1.

Publicizing or mentioning the parties that took part in the violations;

10.2.2.

Exposing or shaming the uilty or recommending severe punishment in event of rave violations;

10.2.3.

Recommend referral to civil, criminal trial procedures, or court-martial of individual or parties involved as applicable;

10.2.4.

The Parties agree to follow up on recommendations for disciplinary measures as proposed by CJMC.

10.3.

The hostile propaganda as provided in sub-section 10.1.7 above shall be comprehensively monitored by CJMC as part of the

ceasefire monitoring process;

10.4.

Without prejudice to the freedom of press and media, the Parties agree to set up a Joint Media Committee upon signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement to establish uidelines for the media and press to enhance conducive environment for the smooth implementation of the ceasefire.

10.5.

The Parties agree that any deadlock arising out of the implementation of the ceasefire shall be referred, as of last resort,

to the Presidency for consideration and action after having exhausted all avenues of dispute management at all lower levels;

11. Other Armed Groups:

11.1.

In accordance with Article 7 (a) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the Parties agree to expedite the process of

incorporation and reinteration of armed roups allied to either Party, into their armed forces, other organized forces, the civil service and

civil societal institutions.

11.2.

The Parties agree to each setting up "Incorporation and Reintegration Adhoc Committee" to implement the provision of sub-section 11.1 above.

11.3.

In accordance with the Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period, no armed roup allied to either party shall be allowed to operate outside the two forces.

Other Armed Groups (OAGs) who have a desire and qualify shall be incorporated into the organized forces of either party (Army, Police, Prisons, and Wildlife Forces), while the rest shall be reintegrated into the civil service and civil society institutions.

11.4.

The Parties agree to adopt a collaborative approach for handling OAGs and to establish by D day + 15 days an OAGs Collaborative Committee (CC) which shall comprise equal number of representatives from both parties (three each) and an independent observer from UN.

11.5.

The OAGs CC shall, inter alia, perform the following functions:

11.5.1.

Ascertain strenth and armament conditions of all OAGs units which shall be verified by the VMT until UN monitors take over;

11.5.2.

Ensure freedom of choice for all OAGs personnel as to the party they so desire to be incorporated in;

11.5.3.

Ensure free and fair access of the parties to the OAGs;

11.5.4.

Supervise and review incorporation processes of both parties;

11.5.5.

Provide a forum for the parties to exchange information and data on the OAGs as well as handlin complaints that pertain to their incorporation process and their activities;

11.5.6.

Receive reular updates on the progress of the OAGs incorporation;

11.5.7.

Keep the Ceasefire Political Committee abreast on the progress of the OAGs incorporation;

11.5.8.

Monitor the DDR programme for the OAGs.

11.6.

DDR programme for the OAGs shall be worked out by Southern Sudan DDR Commission (SDDRC) by the end of the Pre-Interim Period with technical assistance from international experts.

All integration options shall be open in that programme.

11.7.

Upon signature of this Areement, the process of incorporation of individual members of all other armed roups, who desire and qualify

shall start as soon as possible into the ranks of either SAF or SPLA or integrated into organized forces (police, prisons and wildlife services), while the rest shall be reinterated into the civil service or civil society institutions.

11.8.

By D Day + 6 months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee after ascertainin the strength and armament conditions of OAGs units, shall

ensure freedom of choice for all OAGs members to join either Party they so desire to be incorporated in, provided that no other armed

roups shall continue to have a separate existence outside the command of either SAF or SPLA.

11.9.

By D Day + 12 Months, the OAGs Collaborative Committee shall finish the incorporation process of OAGs members who desire and qualify into the armed forces of either Party and police, prisons, wildlife service and civil service.

11.10.

When the incorporation process of OAGs referred to above in subsection 11.9 is completed, the incorporated OAGs members shall not be allowed to decamp from one Party to the other nor to change from police, prisons, wildlife and civil service to the military.

11.11.

The Parties commit themselves, through OAGs Collaborative Committee and Incorporation and Reintegration of Adhoc Committees,

to jointly brief all the OAGs about the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and their rights and obligations in the Agreement so as to ensure that they adhere to and respect all the provisions of the Areement.

11.12.

The Southern Sudan DDR Commission shall continue the reintegration process of the demobilized and disarmed members of OAGs into the civil service and civil society institutions in Southern Sudan, with a

follow up of the OAGs Collaborative Committee.

11.13.

The Parties shall not entertain, encourage, or permit reincorporation/defection of roups or individuals who were previously members or associated with any OAGs and have been incorporated into either party organized forces.

Such act, if committed by either party, shall constitute a violation to sub-section 10.1.8 of this Agreement.

12. Foreign Insurgency Groups:

12.1.

The parties appreciate the threat and menace that the foreign insurgency roups pose on the security and stability of the Sudan and neighboring countries.

12.2.

The parties have resolved to end the presence of the foreign insurgency groups on the Sudanese soil;

12.3.

The parties shall work together to disarm, repatriate or expel these roups as soon as possible.

13. Verification, Monitoring, Complaints and Obligations:

13.1 The structure and levels of monitoring and verification of the implementation of this Areement shall be as follows:

13.1.1.

Ceasefire Political Commission (CPC)

13.1.2.

Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC)

13.1.3.

Area Joint Military Committee (AJMC)

13.1.4.

Joint Military Teams (JMTs)

14. The Ceasefire Political Commission (CPC):

14.1 The CPC shall be answerable to the Presidency;

14.2 The CPC shall be a political decision making body composed of:

14.2.1.

One senior political representative from each Party;

14.2.2.

One senior officer each from SAF and SPLA;

14.2.3.

Special Representative of UN Secretary General or his deputy;

14.2.4.

Senior Security officer (after the establishment of National Security Service);

14.2.5.

One Legal advisor from each Party;

14.2.6.

Representative of Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) (observer);

14.2.7.

Representative of IGAD Partner's Forum (IPF) (observer);

14.3.

The CPC chair shall be rotational between the Parties;

14.4.

The CPC shall reach its decisions by consensus of the Parties;

14.5.

The mandate and functions of the CPC shall be to:

14.5.1.

supervise, monitor and oversee the implementation of this Agreement;

14.5.2.

complete neotiatin any operational details as shall be necessary;

14.5.3.

sound the Parties to rise up to their obligations in this Agreement;

14.5.4.

update the Parties on the progress of the ceasefire implementation;

14.5.5.

co-ordinate with other relevant national and international bodies;

14.5.6.

settle deadlocks arising out from the ceasefire implementation as reported by the CJMC and refer the unresolved ones to the Presidency;

14.5.7.

provide disciplinary measures for violations;

14.5.8.

provide a political forum for continuous dialogue between the Parties and the international community;

14.5.9.

foster confidence buildin between the Parties;

14.5.10.

Update the IGAD, IPF, African Union (AU) and the United Nations periodically on the process of the ceasefire implementation as deemed necessary;

14.5.11.

propose amendments in the Agreement to the Presidency.

14.6.

Ceasefire Joint Military Committee (CJMC):

14.6.1.

The CJMC shall be answerable to the CPC and shall oversee the activities of AJMC;

14.6.2.

The CJMC shall be located in Juba;

14.6.3.

The CJMC shall be a military decision making body and shall be composed of:

14.6.3.1.

The Force Commander of the UN Monitoring Mission (Chair),

14.6.3.2.

The Deputy Force Commander from countries acceptable to the Parties.

Considering that the official working languages in Sudan are Arabic and English;

14.6.3.3.

Three officers from SAF with ranks not less than Colonel;

14.6.3.4.

Three senior officers from SPLA;

14.6.3.5.

Officer in charge of national security at that level;

14.6.3.6.

One senior police officer at the level of Southern Sudan.

14.6.4.

The CJMC shall reach its decisions by consensus of the Parties and shall establish its own internal regulations;

14.6.5.

The CJMC shall have the following functions:

14.6.5.1.

Oversee compliance of the Parties to their obligations under this Agreement;

14.6.5.2.

Coordinate planning, monitoring and verification of the implementation of this Agreement;

14.6.5.3.

Facilitate liaison between the parties;

14.6.5.4.

Coordinate monitoring and verification of disenagement, disarmament and redeployment of the forces as agreed upon in this Agreement;

14.6.5.5.

Check on the conduct of the military forces;

14.6.5.6.

Specification of current locations of troops as of the D day;

14.6.5.7.

Monitoring troop strength, stocks of arms, ammunitions and other war-related equipment;

14.6.5.8.

Coordination and monitoring of permitted military movement and itineraries thereof;

14.6.5.9.

Receiving and verifying unresolved violations, disputes and complaints and rule on them;

14.6.5.10.

Serving as a channel of communication between the parties;

14.6.5.11.

Inspection of replenishment of supplies to the forces;

14.6.5.12.

Supervision of demining activities, decommissioning of unexploded ordnance and other form of military hazards;

14.6.5.13.

Dissemination of information about this Agreement;

14.6.5.14.

help Parties in disarming and reintegrating armed groups;

14.6.5.15.

monitor and verify the disarmament of all Sudanese civilians who are illegally armed;

14.6.5.16.

be responsible for executing peace support operations in collaboration with VMT, JMC and CPMT, until the deployment of the UN

monitors;

after which the roles of the latter shall cease to exist;

14.6.6.

Decisions reached by the CJMC shall be communicated down through the individual chains of command and reported up

to the CPC.

14.6.7.

Subject to the timing of different activities specified in the Agreement on Security Arranements, the CJMC may

readjust on practical considerations the timing of activities or obligations related to ceasefire including redeployment North and South of the 1956 North-South border and activities referred to in sub-section 8.7 herein.

14.6.8.

The CJMC shall compile necessary cartographical and mappin references which, once agreed to by the Parties, shall be used for the purposes of monitoring the implementation of this Agreement.

However, such cartographical and mapping references shall have no bearing whatsoever on the subsequent delineation of the 1/1/1956 North/South border by the adhoc border commission that the Parties will set up as part of the agreement on implementation modalities.

14.6.9.

The CJMC shall be entitled to move freely throughout the ceasefire zone.

14.7 Area Joint Military Committee (AJMC):

14.7.1 The AJMC that shall be established in Juba, Malakal, Wau, Kaduli, Abyei, Damazien or Kurmuk, and shall be composed as follows:

14.7.1.1 The most senior UN Officer in the Area, Chairperson;

14.7.1.2 Equal number of senior officers from SAF and SPLA;

14.7.1.3 UN monitors.

14.7.2 AJMC shall be established in Kassala or Hamashkoreb in Eastern Sudan to monitor and verify the redeployment of SPLA forces as provided in sub-section 4 (c)(v)(a) of Agreement on Security Arrangements;

14.7.3 The AJMC shall be charged with the following functions:

14.7.3.1 monitor and verify alleged violations and resolve disputes;

14.7.3.2 report periodically and refer unresolved complaints to CJMC;

14.7.3.3 Liaise and share information with the Security Committee in the desinated area;

14.8 Joint Military Teams (JMTs):

14.8.1.

JMTs shall be the lowest operating unit of the ceasefire monitoring mechanism;

14.8.2.

JMTs shall be established and designated by the AJMC at that level;

14.8.3.

A JMT shall be composed of UN senior officer at that level, international monitors, equal number of officers from SAF and SPLA.

14.8.4.

JMTs shall conduct regular patrols and visits throughout their respective areas to prevent violations, preserve the ceasefire, and assist in building confidence.

14.8.5.

JMTs shall monitor, verify and report alleged violations to the appropriate AJMC.

15. UN Peace Support Mission

15.1.

The Parties aree to request the United Nations to constitute a lean, effective, sustainable and affordable UN Peace Support Mission to monitor and verify this Agreement and to support the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Areement as provided for under Chapter VI of the UN Charter;

15.2.

The Parties call upon the international community to provide technical and financial assistance, iven the financial constraints of GOS and particularly the nature and structure of SPLA, to expedite the implementation of the ceasefire activities.

15.3.

International monitorin shall be carried out by UN, considering that the official workin languages in Sudan are Arabic and Enlish, who may make the use of the services of UN protection unit.

The size of the UN Peace Support Mission, including any UN force protection element, shall be determined by the UN in consultation with the Parties.

15.4.

For the purpose of monitoring activities related to the ceasefire, the international monitors shall have unrestricted access in accordance with a Status of Forces Areement (SOFA), which shall be concluded with the United Nations as soon as possible.

Such SOFA shall contain the provisions agreed to by the Parties with the United Nations immediately following the conclusion of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

15.5.

The parties agree that the presence and size of the UN peace support mission shall be determined by the implementation time table of this Agreement (disenagement, disarmament, redeployment, etc) and shall radually phase out with successful implementation of the time tables, increased confidence building, and commitment of the parties towards the implementation of this Agreement.

15.6.

The Parties agree to request the UN to provide cultural orientation to all its members to create conducive atmosphere for respect and better understanding of social values and cultures so as to ensure effective implementation of this Areement;

15.7.

The Parties undertake to respect the exclusively international nature of the UN Peace Support Mission as in terms of flag, vehicle markings, communication, travel and transport, privileges and immunities, facilities, provisions, supplies, services, sanitary arrangements, recruitment of local personnel, currency, entry, residence, departure, uniform, arms, permits and licences, military police, arrest, transfer of custody, mutual assistance, jurisdiction, deceased members and settlement of disputes;

15.8.

SAF and SPLA members of AJMCs and JMTs shall have the right to participate in verification and monitoring missions, however in case of failure of either or both Parties to participate, the mission shall still continue with its verification and monitoring tasks.

15.9.

The Verification and Monitoring Team (VMT), the Joint Military Commission (JMC) in Nuba Mountains and the Civilian Protection Monitoring Team (CPMT) shall continue performing their duties, under operational control of the UN Mission, according to their present and/or expanded mandate, fill the ap and carry out duties as shall be entrusted to them by the Parties until the UN Mission is operational, after which their roles shall cease to exist.

PART TWO

The Armed Frces

16. Military Mission and Mandate

16.1.

Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-sections 1 (b) and 4.1(b) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the mission and mandate for Sudan Armed Forces (SAF), Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Joint/Integrated Forces within their respective areas of deployment during the interim period shall clearly be specified within the first year of the interim period by the Joint Defence Board subject to the approval of the Presidency.

16.2.

Without prejudice to sub-section 16.1 above, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Joint/Integrated Units (JIUs) shall be chared with the mission of defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Sudan during the interim period.

16.3.

The two Armed Forces and the JIUs shall be regular, professional, and non-partisan armed forces.

They shall respect the rule of law and civilian overnment, democracy, basic human rights, and the will of the people.

16.4.

As per Article (1) (b) and (4) (b) (III) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements, the Armed Forces (SAF, SPLA and JIUs) shall undertake the responsibility of the defence of the country against threats in their areas of deployment pendin appropriate decision from the JDB.

16.5.

The involvement of the Armed Forces as defined in sub-section 16.4 above, in constitutionally specified emergencies, shall be determined in the Interim Constitution.

16.6.

The Parties shall jointly develop a code of conduct for the members of all armed forces based on the common military doctrine that shall be developed as stipulated for in section 6 of the Agreement on Security Arrangements.

16.7.

The elements of the code of conduct provided for in sub-section 16.6 above shall:

16.7.1.

be informed by the provisions of sub-section 16.2 above;

16.7.2.

make a clear distinction between the military functions from partisan political functions;

16.7.3.

make repudiation that such forces can be used as agency of physical intimidation of the civilian population;

16.7.4.

make a clear distinction between military mandate from the policing mandate during cease-fire period;

16.7.5.

make clear that all members of armed forces shall not be involved in illicit activities that may affect the environment and natural resources.

17. The Joint Defence Board (JDB):

17.1.

The JDB shall be composed and structured on parity basis and take its decisions by consensus.

It shall be composed of the Chiefs of Staff of SAF and SPLA, their deputies and four senior officers from each party.

17.2.

The JDB shall exhibit a characteristic of well-functionin body capable of timely response to tasks and situation.

17.3.

The JDB shall have a Technical Committee to be formed from four senior officers from both sides.

17.4.

The Technical Committee shall undertake the duty of coordination between the two forces and resolve different problems that may ensue.

It shall report reularly to the JDB in all ordinary and extraordinary sessions.

17.5.

The two Commanders in Chief shall appoint the Commander and the deputy commander of the JIUs who shall be ex officio members of the JDB.

17.6.

In the event of any external or internal threat, the JDB shall, subject to section 16.2 above, decide on how to address the situation.

The JDB shall decide whether all forces, the JIUs or either force (SAF and SPLA) shall handle the threat alone or collectively.

The JDB may also decide on the appropriate support and reinforcements that other forces shall lend to the forces facin direct threat and agression.

In a joint operation, JDB shall determine lead HQS for that operation.

17.7.

The JDB shall be entrusted to work out a comprehensive framework for confidence building.

Confidence building measures between the SAF and SPLA may include exchanging visits, organizing cultural and sport events, convenin of joint training courses, and participating in national and religious celebrations and any other activities that shall help in building confidence.

17.8.

The JDB shall form a committee to lay down the principles of the future Sudan National Armed Forces, should the result of the referendum on self-determination confirm unity.

17.9.

At the earliest opportunity, appointed representatives of SAF and SPLA will determine, taking into account point 17.1 of this agreement, a staff structure in support of JDB command.

They will calculate a budget and recommend how it is be resourced.

18. Redeployment:

18.1.

The line of redeployment of SAF and SPLA shall be South/North Border of 1/1/1956 as came in Article 3 (b), in the Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period signed on 25th September, 2003.

18.2.

SAF commits to redeploy its forces as per Article 3 (b) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements to the North of South/North border of 1/1/1956 beginning from the Pre Interim Period according to the following steps:

a) Step I:

Reduction by 17% by D-day + 6 months;

b) Step II:

Reduction by 14% by D-day + 12 months;

c) Step III:

Reduction by 19% by D-day + 18 months;

d) Step IV:

Reduction by 22 % by D-day + 24 months;

e) Step V:

Complete redeployment of the remainder 28% by D-day + 30 months.

18.3.

SPLA commits to redeploy its forces pursuant to Article 3 (c) and Article 4 (c) (V) (a) of the Agreement on Security Arrangements as detailed below.

18.4.

The SPLA forces in the eastern Sudan shall be redeployed to the south of North/South border of 1/1/1956 beginning from pre-interim period according to the following steps:

a) Reduction by 30% by D-day + four months.

b) Reduction by 40% by D-day+ 8 months.

c) Complete redeployment of the remainder 30% by D-day 12 months.

18.5.

The SPLA shall complete redeployment of its excess forces from Southern Blue Nile and Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains within six months of the deployment of the JIUs in those areas.

18.6.

Without prejudice to the Areement on the Security Arrangements and the right of Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) Command to deploy forces all over North Sudan as it deems fit, SAF troop levels in Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile during the Interim Period shall be determined by the Presidency.

18.7.

After the JIUs deployment in Abyei, all other forces shall be redeployed outside the area.

However, the size JIUs Battalion in Abyei shall conform to JIUs organizational standards according to the Protocol between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on the Resolution of the Conflict in Abyei Area of 26th May, 2004.

19. Optimal Size of the Armed Forces:

After the Completion of SAF redeployment to the North the parties shall bein the negotiations on proportionate downsizing.

Nonetheless,

the parties shall allow voluntary demobilization, demobilization of nonessentials (child soldiers and elderly, disabled) during the first year of interim period.

20. The Status of Joint Integrated Units:

20.1.

There shall be formed Joint/Integrated Units (hereinafter referred to as JIUs) durin the pre-interim and the interim period from the SAF and the SPLA.

This shall form the nucleus of the future Sudanese National Armed Forces (SNAF) should the result of the referendum on the right of self-determination for the people of Southern Sudan confirm unity of the country.

20.2.

If the result of the referendum is in favour of secession of the South from the North, the JIUs shall dissolve with each component reverting to its mother Armed Forces to pave the way for the formation of the separate Armed Forces for the emerging states.

20.3.

Notwithstanding sub-Sections 20.10.1, 20.10.2, 20.10.3, 20.10.4, and 20.10.5, formation, training, tasking and deployment of JIUs formations and sub-formations shall be completed not later than D-day + 21 months.

20.4.

At the initial stage of the formation of the JIUs, SAF component shall be liable to relief "after two years of deployment".

Nonetheless, they shall be locked-in by D-day + 33 months.

20.5.

At the inception, the JIUs shall remain in their joint form.

However, the process of full integration shall be completed by Dday + 52 months.

20.6.

The JIUs as per Areement on Security Arrangements shall fall under the command of the Joint Defence Board (JDB).

Nevertheless, the two Commanders-in-Chief shall appoint the commander and deputy commander for the JIUs as the highest level who shall, by virtue of their positions, be members of the JDB.

They shall oversee routine command matters of the JIUs in accordance to authority conferment by the JDB.

20.7.

The JIUs command shall be exercised on parity basis between SAF and the SPLA officers with alternation of roles at the uppermost and other levels of command.

20.8.

The JIUs personnel shall be treated equally.

There shall be uniformity in welfare, salaries, emoluments, pensions rights, supplies, armament, and equipment.

20.9.

The Parties have further discussed the issue of establishin JIUs in Eastern Sudan and have decided to continue discussin the issue during the Interim Period and resolve it as they deem fit.

20.10 Training of the Joint Integrated Units:

20.10.1.

Both Armed Forces (SAF and SPLA) shall complete selection and oranization of officers, Non-Commissioned Officers

(NCOs) and men for the JIUs within three months from the beinning of the pre-interim period.

20.10.2.

Notwithstanding sub-section 20.3 above, the JIUs components from both Parties shall be formed within three months from the pre-interim period and co-locate in their various trainin centres to be trained for not less than six months after which they shall be tasked and deployed.

20.10.3.

There shall be developed as soon as practicable a joint doctrine, code of conduct, as well as disciplinary laws, reulations, and standing operating procedures to overn the JIUs eneral training policies, programmes, disciplinary scopes and behavioral patterns.

20.10.4.

In view of special status of Khartoum and Juba, the JIUs Command shall allot tasks to the JIUs contingents that shall be deployed to these cities by the end of the pre-interim period after completion of initial joint training session that shall not exceed three months.

Nonetheless, the JIUs command shall organize further training sessions for these contingents in accordance to JIUs training policy and programmes.

20.10.5.

The parties shall appeal to the international community to render additional technical, material and financial support to assist in forming and training the JIUs.

20.11.

JIUs Command and Control:

The JIUs Headquarters is under command of JDB and shall be located in Juba.

The JIUs command shall perform among other things, the following duties and responsibilities:

20.11.1.

Command of the JIUs formations and units;

20.11.2.

Promotion of mutual cooperation between the JIUs, SAF and SPLA at all command levels;

20.11.3.

Coordination of supply and replenishments plans with the JDB;

20.11.4.

Implementation of the JDB plans, policies, programmes and directives pertaining to the JIUs;

20.11.5.

Appointment and transfer of JIUs officers within the discretion of the JIUs command;

20.11.6.

Create and promote confidence building measures;

20.11.7.

Development and execution of trainin programmes for the JIUs;

20.11.8.

Coordination with the CPC;

20.11.9.

Resolution of disputes that may arise within the JIUs jurisdiction.

20.12.

The JIUs Commanders shall exercise the following authority/responsibility:

20.12.1.

Command and control of JIUs in their respective areas of command;

20.12.2.

Implementation of and compliance with the directives of the JIUs Hiher Headquarters;

20.12.3.

Implement confidence building policies of the higher headquarters as well as create and promote confidence building measures within their power as shall be desirable;

20.12.4.

Development and execution of training programmes within their command jurisdiction;

20.12.5.

Performance of any other duties that may be conferred upon them by the higher headquarters5

20.13.

The JIUs Composition and organization:

20.13.1 Composition:

20.13.1.1.The JIUs shall initially be formed from SAF and SPLA, out of their ground forces;

20.13.1.2.By D-Day + 12 months, SPLA nominated personnel shall commence training in the service arms of the Airforce, Navy and Air Defence, so as to make available SPLA contribution to the JIUs Service Arms which shall be established as per sub-section 20.13.1.3 below;

20.13.1.3.By D-Day+36 months, the first JIUs service arms unit shall be established, others shall follow according to the raduation of qualified SPLA JIUs personnel as determined by the JDB, further trainin may continue according to the needs as may be decided by the JDB;

20.13.1.4.SAF component of the JIUs service arms shall be nominated and assigned as soon as the SPLA component of JIUs service arms is trained and graduated;

20.13.1.5.

JIUs Service Arms of the Airforce, Navy and Air Defence shall be part of the overall number of forces of the JIUs already areed to by the Parties.

20.13.2 Organization:

20.13.2.1.

The higher JIUs formation shall be division (see organizational structure attached as annexure 3).

Thus, there shall be formed five JIUs division and one independent brigade as follows:

a) 1st Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 9000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in Equatoria area.

b) 2nd Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 8000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in Upper Nile area.

c) 3rd Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 7000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in Bahr el Ghazal area.

d) 4th Infantry Division (unlike the other divisions, both 4th and 5th Infantry divisions are understrength divisions) which shall have a total strength of 6000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in southern Blue Nile.

e) 5th Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 6000 officers, NCOs and men and shall be deployed in southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains.

f) Independent Briade which shall be deployed in Khartoum with the total strength of 3000 officers, NGOs and men.

20.13.2.2.There shall be formed a JIU Infantry Battalion (Inf.

Bn.)

for Abyei Area whose strenth shall be in accordance with JIUs standards.

It shall be deployed in Abyei area and attached to 3rd Infantry Division.

20.13.2.3.

Infantry brigades, of not more than 3000 troops each, to compose of:

i. Brigade Command;

ii. Brigade HQ Company;

iii. Two to four infantry Battalions;

iv. Armored, artillery, engineerin, transport, signal and medical corps.

20.13.2.4.

The infantry battalion shall compose of:

i. Battalion Command;

ii. Battalion HQ Company;

iii. Two to four infantry companies;

iv. Support Company.

20.13.2.5.

JIUs battalion shall be formed of two SAF companies and two SPLA companies, whereas the HQs Company and the support company shall be mixed.

The size of the forces in each locality shall not exceed one infantry battalion.

20.14 JIUs Detailed Deployment:

20.14.1.

First JIUs Infantry Division - Equatoria:

a) Division Headquarters:

Juba town.

b) Juba Brigade Headquarters:

Juba town.

c) Subunits deployment:

Around Juba town.

d) Torit Brigade Headquarter (+) Inf Bn:

Torit town.

e) Subunit Deployment:

Kapoeta, Yei, and Jabor.

f) Maridi BrigadeHeadquarters (+) Inf Bn:

Maridi town.

) Subunits deployment:

Mondari, Yambio, Tombara.

20.14.2.

Second Infantry Division - Upper Nile:

a) Division Headquarters:

Malakal town.

b) Malakal Brigade Headquarters (+) two Inf Bns:

Malakal town.

c) Subunits deployment:

Nasir, Bounj and Malut.

d) Bentiu Brigade headquarters (+) Inf Bn:

Bentiu town.

e) Subunits deployment:

Pariang, and Bor.

20.14.3.

Third Infantry Division - Bahr el Ghazal:

a) Division Headquarters:

Wau town.

b) Wau Briade headquarters (+) two Inf Bns:

Wau town.

c) Subunits deployment:

Tonj, Rumbek, and Shambe

d) Aweil Brigade headquarters (+) two Inf Bns:

Aweil town.

e) Subunits deployment:

Raja, Gogrial.

f) Abyei Area Independent Battalion attached.

20.14.4.

Fourth Infantry Division - Southern Blue Nile:

a) Division Headquarters:

Dindirotown.

b) Dindiro Briade headquarters (+) Bde Hqs (+) one Inf Bn:

Dindiro.

c) Subunits deployment:

Kurmuk, Geizan, Ulu.

d) Takamul Brigade headquarters (+) one Inf Bn:

Takamol.

e) Subunits deployment:

Damazin, Umdarfa'a, Menza.

20.14.5.

Fifth Infantry Division - Nuba Mountains:

a) Division headquarters (+) one Inf Bn:

Kadogli town.

b) Kadugli Brigade headquarters:

Heiban.

c) Subunits deployment:

Heiban, El Buram, Talodi.

d) Deleng Brigade headquarters (+) one Inf Bn:

Deleng town.

e) Subunits deployment:

Jebel Eried, Julud, Urn Sirdibba.

20.14.6.

Khartoum Independent Brigade:

There shall be one JIUs Brigade in Khartoum that shall be deployed with the Republican Guard in Soba.

The VIP Protection Force is located according to the Presidential Unit, and Capital Security Force in Jebel Awlia'a.

20.14.7.

The Parties agree that the JIUs shall protect the oilfields as provided in sub-section 20.14.2 and the oil installations shall be demilitarized.

In case of any threat to the oil installations, the JDB shall decide on the appropriate and necessary measures.

21. Funding of the Armed Forces:

21.1.

During the Interim Period, SAF forces and JIUs shall be funded by the National Government, whereas the SPLA forces shall be funded by the Government of Southern Sudan, subject to the principle of proportional downsizin as per Security Arrangements Protocol and the approval of Southern Sudan Leislature.

To meet this obligation, the Government of Southern Sudan shall raise financial resources from both local and forein sources and seek international assistance.

These financial resources shall be channeled through the Bank of Southern Sudan and managed according to the principles of Wealth Sharin Protocol.

21.2.

The elected National Legislature during the Interim Period shall review and finally resolve the issue of the funding of the Sudan National Armed Forces (SNAF) so as to make unity of the Sudan an attractive choice in the referendum on self-determination by the people of Southern Sudan, and to create sound basis for the formation of the future army of the Sudan that shall be composed from the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the JIUs, should the result of referendum on self-determination confirm unity.

22. Policing Issues and Domestic Security

22.1.

In order to facilitate the removal and withdrawal of the military and paramilitary forces from areas where they were previously located and in order to return societal order and harmony, in accordance with the law, in compliance with national and international acceptable standards and with accountability to the Courts and civil Administration, the police at the appropriate level during the ceasefire shall:

22.1.1.

Maintain law and public order;

22.1.2.

Ensure safety and security of all people and their property;

22.1.3.

Prevent and detect crimes.

22.1.4.

Assist returning refuees, the displaced and other returnees to start a normal, stable and safe life in their respective communities;

22.1.5.

Provide national service ( such as nationality, civil registry, identity documents (IDs), passports etc.)

and other police services and make them available to all citizens In their locations;

22.1.6.

Protect VIPs in collaboration with other security agencies;

22.1.7.

Preserve natural resources;

22.1.8.

Combat illicit traffickin in narcotics, drugs and illegal

trade in firearms and other organized and transboundary crimes in the area;

22.1.9.

Control illegal presence and movement of aliens in the area;

22.1.10.

Collect data and information on criminal matters that threaten implementation of the peace agreement in the area.

22.1.11.

Remove the need for the deployment of military and para-military forces in villages, communities and city streets;

22.1.12.

Combat corruption at all levels of government and civil society;

and

22.2.

In order to strengthen the effective implementation of this Agreement, the National Police may assist, as required, other police at all levels to establish and promote police service at that level;

22.3.

The police shall cooperate and participate in the entire process of ceasefire implementation;

22.4.

The Parties agree that the police in the territorial jurisdiction of the ceasefire shall assume their normal functions and activities, particularly in the areas where military and para-military forces had previously assumed their functions;

22.5.

The Parties call upon the international community to assist in the areas of training, establishment and capacity building of police and other law enforcement agencies for the sustenance of peace and rule of law;

22.6.

The Parties recognize the need for cooperation and coordination mechanism between the national police and other law enforcement agencies at all levels with regards to the implementation of this Agreement.

PART THREE Demobilization, Disarmament, Re-Integration and Reconciliation

23. Objectives:

23.1 The overarching objective of the DDR process is to contribute to creating an enabling environment to human security and to support post-peace-agreement social stabilization across the Sudan, particularly war affected areas.

23.2 The DDR programme shall take place within a comprehensive process of national reconciliation and healing through out the country as part of the peace and confidence building measures.

24. Guiding Principles:

24.1 In implementing the DDR programme the Parties agree that the implementing organs shall be uided by the following common principles:

24.2.

The national ownership of the process and that the capabilities of the National Institutions shall be built to effectively lead the overall DDR process;

for this purpose efficient planning, implementation and supervisory institutions shall be established to operate as soon as possible.

24.3.

That the DDR process in the Sudan shall be led by recognized state institutions and international partners shall only play a supportive role to these institutions.

The process shall be sustained through cooperation and coordination with local NGOs and active support from the international community by facilitating and extendin material and technical assistance throughout the entire DDR process and the transition from war to peace.

24.4.

That no DDR planning, management or implementation activity shall take place outside the framework of the recognized interim and permanent DDR institutions referred to in paragraphs 25.1 and 25.2.

hereunder.

24.5.

Fairness, transparency, equitability and consistency for determining the eligibility of ex-combatants targeted for assistance.

24.6.

Ex-combatants shall be treated equitably irrespective of their previous military affiliations;

as well, they shall be empowered by provision of trainin and information to voluntarily choose their path to reintegration.

The reinteration process shall be community based and equally benefits returnees and local communities.

24.7.

That the DDR is mostly a civilian process although the military input is vital.

While disarmament and demobilization are mainly military, the civilian efforts in reinteration are paramount, particularly with reference to decisions of methodology and organization.

The military will have input but the decisions and implementation of such programmes are the responsibility of the relevant institutions created for this purpose.

24.8.

The DDR programme shall be gender sensitive and shall encourage the participation of the communities and the civil society organizations with the view to strengthening their capacities to play their role in improving and sustaining the social and economic reintegration of former combatants.

24.9.

The demobilization of all child soldiers within six months of the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

24.10.

The identification and registration within six months from the signature of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of all children separated from their families for family tracin and ultimate reunification;

24.11.

UNICEF, ICRC and other international organizations are called upon to assist in the child component of the DDR in the Sudan;

24.12.

That adequate financial and logistical support shall be mobilized by the international community including governments, governmental agencies, humanitarian organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

24.13.

The observance of a high level of transparency and accountability with respect to the DDR programmes financial management.

24.14.

The maintenance of an appropriate and optimal degree of flexibility to respond to the emerging needs on the ground in a timely manner.

25. DDR Institutions:

25.1.

To realize the best objective of the DDR process in the entire country, and to avoid any possibilities of relapsing into war, the Parties state their dedication to undertake timely steps to establish the following institutions to plan, manage and implement the DDR programmes:

25.1.1.

The National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), with the prime responsibility of policy formulation, oversight, review, coordination and evaluation of the progress of the Northern and Southern Sudan DDR commissions referred to in 25.1.2 hereunder.

The NDDRCC shall be appointed by and accountable to the Presidency.

25.1.2.

The Northern Sudan DDR Commission (NDDRC) and the Southern Sudan DDR Commission (SDDRC) shall be mandated to desin, implement and manage the DDR process at the northern and southern sub-national levels respectively.

25.1.3.

The State DDR commissions shall be entrusted with the responsibility of implementation of the programmes at the state and local levels.

25.2.

Until the aforementioned institutions are established the Parties agree to put in place Interim DDR bodies to:

25.2.1.

Act as bases for the future Sub-National DDR institutions established in 25.1 above.

25.2.2.

Coordinate and prepare detailed DDR proposals.

25.2.3.

Commence technical discussion with international donors and agencies regardin partnership and funding requirements and modalities for the DDR implementation programmes.

25.2.4.

Coordinate with the UN-DPKO mission on issues pertaining to DDR.

25.2.5.

Prepare draft operational proposals for DDR programmes.

25.2.6.

Prepare to establish formal DDR capacity building and facilitate training in DDR through seminars, workshops and study tours.

25.2.7.

Coordinate joint DDR preparatory activities.

25.2.8.

Prepare in collaboration with the international actors data collection, including socio-economic surveys in the areas where the DDR programmes will be implemented and undertake needs assessment to provide data on target groups.

26. Previous Contractual Obligations:

Recognizing that both Parties have existing contractual arrangements with international organizations and agencies related to DDR, the Parties agree:

26.1.

To commence a process of neotiations with these agencies and organizations to close down and transfer current DDR-related activities to the incomin DDR institutions.

26.2.

That the interim DDR bodies shall undertake the task of leading and concluding these negotiations, and shoulder the operational responsibility of the activities thereafter.

27. Humanitarian and General Provisions

27.1.

Upon signature of the comprehensive peace agreement, the Parties shall:

27.1.1.

exchange information on Missing in Action and shall trace them to their best efforts;

27.1.2.

agree to lifting the state of emergency in the Sudan except in areas where conditions do not permit;

27.2.

The Parties agree that the issue of the release of all civil political detainees as part of the confidence building measures, national healin and reconciliation process shall be discussed on and dealt with within the discussions on the implementation modalities.

27.3.

Humanitarian law and civil and political rights shall be closely observed.

27.4 Collateral, secondary agreements and legislation shall not contradict this Agreement and shall be equally binding on the Parties5

27.5 The Parties shall call upon the overnments at all levels, civil societal organizations, political forces, national NGOs and international community to assist and facilitate the reconciliation process at grass root levels

Annex 1:

Assembly Areas

[Has table of Assembly Areas]

Nuba Mountains Assembly Areas:

Notwithstandin sub-section 10.1 of the Protocol on the Resolution of Conflict of Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States and sub-section 18.6 of this agreement and as part of the Permanent Ceasefire Agreement and transition from war to peace, the Parties agree that SAF shall further reduce the deployment of its forces in Nuba Mountains to peace-time level and that both Parties shall create assembly areas for the purposes of the establishment of the JIUs within the Nuba Mountains.

Annex 2 :

Calendar and Timetable of Maior Ceasefire Activities:

M - Day date of issuance of Security Council Resolution which will include mandate (M - Day estimated to be D - Day + 14 days)

[Has table of timetable]

Agreement on Permanent Ceasefire and Security Arrangements Implementation Modalities between the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/People's Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) During the Pre-interim and Interim Periods

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement