Declaration on Cessation of Hostilities and the Structures and Principles of the Somalia National Reconciliation Process (Eldorat Declaration)
Export agreement coding (PDF)- Country/entitySomalia
- RegionAfrica (excl MENA)
- Agreement nameDeclaration on Cessation of Hostilities and the Structures and Principles of the Somalia National Reconciliation Process (Eldorat Declaration)
- Date27 Oct 2002
- Agreement statusMultiparty signed/agreed
- Interim arrangementYes
- Agreement/conflict levelIntrastate/intrastate conflict ( )
- StageFramework/substantive - partial
- Conflict natureGovernment/territory
- Peace processSomalia Peace Process
- PartiesTransitional National Government, signed for by Hassan Abshir, Prime Minster; Puntland State of Somalia, signed for by Abdullahi Yusuf, President of Puntland State of Somalia; Transitional National Assembly, signed for by Abdalla Derow Isak, Speaker of the Assembly; Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council, signed for by Hussein Farah Aideed, Co-Charirman of SRRC; RRA, signed for by Col. Hassan Mohamed Nur 'Shatigudud', Chairman of RRA; USC, signed for by Mohamed Qanyara Afrah, Chairman; HPA, signed for by Col. Hassan Abdulla Qalad, Chairman; SAMO/SRRC Nakuru, signed for by Mowlid Ma'ane Mohamoud, Chairman; USC/SSA/SRRC, signed for by Musa Sudi Yalahow, Chairman; USC/SSA, signed for by Omar Mohamoud Mohamed, Chairman; USC/SNA/SRRC, signed for Osman Hassan Ali 'Atto', Chairman; SNF/SRRC, signed for by Mohamed Sayyid Aden, Chairman; SNF, signed for by Col. Abdifizak Isak Bihi, Chairman; SPM, signed for by Gen. Mohamed Siad Hersi, Deputy Chairman; JVA, signed for by Bare Aden Shire, Chairman; Jowhar Administration, signed for by Mohamed Omar Habeeb 'Dhere', SSNM/BIREM, signed for by Abdullahi Sheikh Ismail, Chairman; SRRC, signed for by Hilowle Imam Omar, Co-Chairman; SSNM/SNA, signed for by Abdulaziz Sheikh Yousuf, Chairman; SPM, signed for by Gen. Aden Abdullahi Nur 'Gabiyow', Chairman; SPM/Nakuru, signed for by Mohamed Aden Wayel, Chairman; Civil Society, signed for by Dr Sharif Salah Mohamed Ali.
- Third parties-
- DescriptionParties commit to building federal governance structures, a cessation of hostilities, to implement the UN arms embargo on Somalia.
- Agreement document
Groups
- Children/youth
No specific mention.
- Disabled persons
No specific mention.
- Elderly/age
No specific mention.
- Migrant workers
No specific mention.
- Racial/ethnic/national group
No specific mention.
- Religious groups
No specific mention.
- Indigenous people
No specific mention.
- Other groups
No specific mention.
- Refugees/displaced persons
No specific mention.
- Social class
No specific mention.
Gender
- Women, girls and gender
No specific mention.
- Men and boys
No specific mention.
- LGBTI
No specific mention.
- Family
No specific mention.
State definition
- Nature of state (general)Page 2, untitled preamble, 'WELCOMING the commitment of the international Community to respect the, Sovereignty. Territorial integrity, political independence and unity of Somalia;
- State configurationPage 3, Article 1 Federalism:
1) To create federal governance structures for Somalia embodied in a Charter or Constitution, which are inclusive, representative, and acceptable to all the parties
2) To endorse the principle of decentralization as an integral part
of Somalia's governance structures. - Self determination
No specific mention.
- Referendum
No specific mention.
- State symbols
No specific mention.
- Independence/secession
No specific mention.
- Accession/unification
No specific mention.
- Border delimitation
No specific mention.
- Cross-border provision
No specific mention.
Governance
- Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
- Elections
No specific mention.
- Electoral commission
No specific mention.
- Political parties reform
No specific mention.
- Civil societyPage 4, Article 3 Enhanced Safe Access for Aid
2) To guarantee the security of all humanitarian and development personnel and installations, including those of the United Nations Agencies, non-governmental organizations, ICRC and donor governments and organizations
3) To ensure that the safe access to aid for all the people of Somalia is enhanced
Page 5, Article 6 Monitoring of the Declaration
1) To invite IGAD, the African Union and the international community ...
2) To support the establishment of enforcement mechanisms for the safe delivery of humanitarian aid and implementation of this declaration and all further agreements reached in the interest of the people of Somalia.
Signatory: Dr. Sharif Salah Mohamed Ali 'On behalf of civil society' - Traditional/religious leaders
No specific mention.
- Public administration
No specific mention.
- Constitution
No specific mention.
Power sharing
- Political power sharing
No specific mention.
- Territorial power sharingPower sharing→Territorial power sharing→Federal or similar sub-divided governmentPage 3, Article 1 Federalism
1) To create federal governance structures for Somalia embodied in a Charter or Constitution,
which are inclusive, representative, and acceptable to all .the parties
2) To endorse the principle of decentralization as an integral part
of Somalia's governance structures ·
3) To ensure the rights, ·representation and protection of all
Somali individuals and groups - Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
- Military power sharing
No specific mention.
Human rights and equality
- Human rights/RoL generalPage 2, untitled preamble, GUIDED by the common desire of the people of Somalia for
Peace;
AWARE of the prevailing poverty of the Somali people and their humanitarian needs; DESIRING to bring an end to the continuing conflict in
Somalia;
COMMITTED to the improvement of regional security for all Somalis and the regional states;
Page 3, Article 1 Federalism ... 3) To ensure the rights, representation and protection of all Somali individuals and groups - Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
- Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
- Civil and political rightsHuman rights and equality→Civil and political rights→LifeArticle 4
Endorsement of Outcomes of the Peace Process
1) To undertake political negotiations and technical discussions
in good faith and in a spirit of cooperation during each phase of
the Somalia National Reconciliation Process
2) To abide by the conclusions resulting from the Somalia
National Reconciliation Process - Socio-economic rightsHuman rights and equality→Socio-economic rights→Adequate standard of livingPage 4, Article 3 Enhanced Safe Access for Aid
1) To respect the rights of the people of Somalia to receive humanitarian assistance
Rights related issues
- Citizenship
No specific mention.
- DemocracyPage 3, Article 1 Federalism ... 3) To ensure the rights, representation and protection of all Somali individuals and groups
- Detention procedures
No specific mention.
- Media and communication
No specific mention.
- Mobility/accessPage 4, Article 3 Enhanced Safe Access for Aid
2) To guarantee the security of all humanitarian and development personnel and installations, including those of the United Nations Agencies, non-governmental organizations, ICRC and donor governments and organizations
3) To ensure that the safe access to aid for all the people of Somalia is enhanced
Page 5, Article 6 Monitoring of the Declaration
1) To invite IGAD, the African Union and the international community ...
2) To support the establishment of enforcement mechanisms for the safe delivery of humanitarian aid and implementation of this declaration and all further agreements reached in the interest of the people of Somalia. - Protection measuresRights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civiliansPage 3, Article 1 Federalism ... 3) To ensure the rights, representation and protection of all Somali individuals and groups
- Other
No specific mention.
Rights institutions
- NHRI
No specific mention.
- Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.
Justice sector reform
- Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
- State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
- Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
- Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
- Traditional Laws
No specific mention.
Socio-economic reconstruction
- Development or socio-economic reconstructionSocio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic developmentPage 2, untitled preamble,
AWARE of the prevailing poverty of the Somali people and their humanitarian needs;
... (page 3) ACKNOWLEDGING that the Somali authorities have the primary responsibility for ensuring the wellbeing of civilians in Somalia; - National economic plan
No specific mention.
- Natural resources
No specific mention.
- International fundsPage 5, Article 6 Monitoring of the Declaration
1) To invite IGAD, the African Union and the international community to support and monitor the implementation of this declaration and all farther agreements reached
2) To support the establishment of enforcement mechanisms for the safe delivery of humanitarian aid and implementation of this declaration and all further agreements reached in the interest of the people of Somalia. - Business
No specific mention.
- Taxation
No specific mention.
- Banks
No specific mention.
Land, property and environment
- Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
- Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
- Cultural heritage
No specific mention.
- Environment
No specific mention.
- Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.
Security sector
- Security GuaranteesPage 5, Article 5, Combating Terrorism
1) To combat all forms of terrorism, and to cooperate with the international community in the fight against terrorism pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1373 of 2002
2) To prevent the use of Somali territory as a base for any terrorist activities - CeasefireSecurity sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provisionPage 3, Article 2, Cessation of Hostilities
1) To abstain from the conduct of hostilities in Somalia from 27 October 2002 and to maintain this state of affairs during the peace process, its implementation and subsequently - Police
No specific mention.
- Armed forcesPage 3, Article 2, Cessation of Hostilities
3) To ensure that all political, militia and other groups maintain only defensive military positions and capabilities, and refrain from any military provocations - DDRSecurity sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisionsPage 3, Article 2, Cessation of Hostilities
4) To implement fully the United Nations Arms Embargo for Somalia (UN Security Council Resolution 733 of 1992) - Intelligence services
No specific mention.
- Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forcesPage 3, Article 2, Cessation of Hostilities
3) To ensure that all political, militia and other groups maintain only defensive military positions and capabilities, and refrain from any military provocations - Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
- Corruption
No specific mention.
- Crime/organised crime
No specific mention.
- Drugs
No specific mention.
- TerrorismPage 5, Article 5, Combating Terrorism
1) To combat all forms of terrorism, and to cooperate with the international community in the fight against terrorism pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1373 of 2002
2) To prevent the use of Somali territory as a base for any terrorist activities
Transitional justice
- Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
- Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
- Courts
No specific mention.
- Mechanism
No specific mention.
- Prisoner release
No specific mention.
- Vetting
No specific mention.
- Victims
No specific mention.
- Missing persons
No specific mention.
- Reparations
No specific mention.
- ReconciliationPAge 3, APPRECIATING further the efforts of the International
Community in promoting national reconciliation in Somalia;
Page 4-5, Article 4, Endorsement of Outcomes of the Peace Process:
1) To undertake political negotiations and technical discussions in good faith and in a spirit of cooperation during each phase of the Somalia National Reconciliation Process
2) To abide by the conclusions resulting from the Somalia National Reconciliation Process
3) To implement all the resolutions of the Process in good faith and in a timely way
Implementation
- UN signatoryUN Representative of the Secretary General for Somalia signed as witness.
- Other international signatoryHon. E.W. Mwangale, EGH, Special Envoy for Somalia.
Witnesses: IGAD, Djibouti ambassador to Somalia, Ethiopian Special Envoy for Somalia. In the presence of Special Envoy of Italy, League of Arab States, Egypt, US Ambassador to Kenya, EU and European Commission delegation to Kenya, UNSRSG for Somalia - Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
- International mission/force/similarPage 3, Article 2, Cessation of Hostilities ...
5) To invite the international community to undertake field based and remote monitoring of the arms-embargo, and to guarantee their representatives unimpeded and safe access - Enforcement mechanismPage 5, Article 6, Monitoring of the Declaration
1) To invite IGAD, the African Union and the international community to support and monitor the implementation of this declaration and all farther agreements reached
2) To support the establishment of enforcement mechanisms for the safe delivery of humanitarian aid and implementation of this declaration and all further agreements reached in the interest of the people of Somalia. - Related cases
No specific mention.
- SourceUN Peacemaker - http://peacemaker.un.org/; http://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/SO_021027_CessationHostilitiesAndStructuresSomaliaNationalReconciliation.pdf
Note verbale dated 11 December 2002 from the Permanent Mission of Kenya to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
The Kenya Mission to the United Nations presents its compliments to the President of the Security Council and has the honour to request that the Declaration on Cessation of Hostilities and the Structures and Principles of the Somalia National Reconciliation Process, which was signed in Eldoret, Kenya, on Sunday, 27 October 2002, be issued as a document of the Security Council (see annex).
S/2002/1359
Annex to the note verbale dated 11 December 2002 from the Permanent Mission of Kenya to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council
Somalia National Reconciliation Process Eldoret, Kenya
Declaration on Cessation of Hostilities and the Structures and Principles of the Somalia National Reconciliation Process
WE the undersigned,
GUIDED by the common desire of the people xtf Somalia for peace;
AWARE of the prevailing poverty of the Somali people and their humanitarian needs;
DESIRING to bring an end to the continuing conflict in Somalia;
COMMITTED to the improvement of regional security for all Somalis and the regional states;
WELCOMING the commitment of the international community to respect the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence and unity of Somalia;
APPRECIATING the leading role of the IGAD Frontline Slates (Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya) hi this process;
APPRECIATING further the efforts of the international community in promoting national reconciliation in Somalia;
ACKNOWLEDGING that the Somali authorities have the primary responsibility for ensuring the well being of civilians in Somalia;
HEREBY SOLEMNLY UNDERTAKE the following commitments:
Article 1 Federalism
1) To create federal governance structures for Somalia, embodied in a Charter or Constitution, which are inclusive, representative, and acceptable to all the parties
2) To endorse the principle of decentralization as an integral part of Somalia's governance structures
3) To ensure the rights, representation and protection of all Somali individuals and groups
Article 2
Cessation of Hostilities
1) To abstain from the conduct of hostilities in Somalia from 27 October 2002 and to maintain this state of affairs during the peace process, its implementation and subsequently
2) To use only peaceful means in the resolution of all disputes between political, military and other groups and the communities they represent
3) To ensure that all political, military and other groups maintain only defensive military positions and capabilities, and refrain from any military provocations
4) To implement folly the United Nations Arms Embargo for Somalia (UN Security Council Resolution 733 of 1992)
5) To invite the international community to undertake field- based and remote monitoring of the arms-embargo, and to guarantee their representatives unimpeded and safe access
Article 3
Enhanced Safe Access for Aid
1) To respect the rights of the people of Somalia to receive humanitarian assistance
2) To guarantee the security of all humanitarian and development personnel and installations, including those of the United Nations Agencies, non-governmental organizations, ICRC and donor governments and organizations
3) To ensure that the safe access to aid for all the people of Somalia is enhanced
Article 4
Endorsement of Outcomes of the Peace Process
1) To undertake political negotiations and technical discussions in good faith and in a spirit of cooperation during each phase of the Somalia National Reconciliation Process
2) To abide by the conclusions resulting from the Somalia National Reconciliation Process
3) To implement all the resolutions of the Process in good faith and in a timely way
Article 5
Combating Terrorism
1) To combat all forms of terrorism, and to cooperate with the international community in the fight against terrorism pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1373 of 2002
2) To prevent the use of Somali territory as a base for any terrorist activities
Articled
Monitoring of the Declnration
1) To invite IGAD, the African Union and the international community to support and monitor the implementation of this declaration and all farther agreements reached
2) To support the establishment of enforcement mechanisms for the safe delivery of humanitarian aid and implementation of this declaration and all further agreements reached in the interest of the people of Somalia.
OONE at Eldoret, Kenya, on Sunday, 27 October 2002.
SIGNED by:
Hassan Abshif
Prime Minister of Transitional National Government
Abdallah
Speaker of the Transitional National Assembly
Col. Hassan Mohamed Nur
Abdullahi Yusuf
President of Puntland State of Somalia
Hussein Farah Aideed Co-Chairmari of Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council (SRRC)
Motiamed Qanyare [...] Chair
Mowlid Ma'ane Moharaoud Chairman, SAMO/SRRC Nakuni
Omar MehUnioud Mohsfmed
Mohamed [...] Chairman of SNF/SRRC
Mohamed Siad Hersi Morgan, Deputy SPM Chairman
[...], Chairman of RRA
Col. Hassan Abdulla Qalad Chairman of HPA
[...], USC/SSA/SRRC
[...], Chairman of USC/SNA/SRRC Nakuru
Col. Abd Mzak [...], Chairman of SNF
Bare Aden Shire Chairman of JVA
Xbdullahi Sheikh Ismail Chairman of SSNM/BIRBM"
AbduIazizSneikirYousuf Chairman of SSNM/SNA
Mohamed Aden "Wayel CliainnanSPM/Nakiini .
Mohamed Omar Habeeb 'Dhcre' Chairman of JowharAdministration
Hilowle Imam Or Co-Chairman
[...], SPM
Dr. Sharif Salah Mohamed [...] On Behalf of Civil Society
WITNESSED by:
H.E. Hon.
Elijah W. Mwangale,
H.E. President Daniel arap Moi's Special Envoy for Somalia and Chairman pf the IQAD Technical Committfe
Dr. Atalla Al-Bashir Executive Secretary of iGAD
'Abdulaziz Ahmed Special Envoy of tthe Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia for Somalia
[...] Goulal Boudine
Ambassador of the Republic of Djibouti to Somalia
IN THE PRESENCE of:
Amb. Carlo Ungaro
Special Envoy of Italy (Chair of GAD Partners Forum for Somalia)
Amb. Mostafa Khedre Deputy Assistant Minster for Foreign Affairs of the Arab Republic of Egypt
[...]
Huropean Unwin and European Commission Delegation in Kenya
[...]
Special Envoy of the Arab League
Mr. Glenn Warren
Embassy of the United States in Kenya
Amb. Winston [...]
UN Representative of the Secretary General for Somalia