• Country/entity

  Nicaragua
  

• Region

  Americas
  

• Agreement name

  Definitive Ceasefire Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua and the YATAMA Atlantic Front of the Nicaraguan Resistance under the Auspices of his Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo

• Date

  18 Apr 1990

• Agreement status

  Multiparty signed/agreed

• Interim arrangement

  Yes

• Agreement/conflict level

  Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Nicaraguan Revolution (1978 - 1979) and Sandinista/Contra War (1981 – 1990) )

• Stage

  Ceasefire/related

• Conflict nature

  Government

• Peace process

  Nicaragua contra process

• Parties

  'YATAMA' Atlantic Front of the Nicaraguan Resistance; Nicaraguan Govt General, Rep of the Elected Govt of Nicaragua

• Third parties

  Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo

• Description

  Parties agree definitive ceasefire, UNOCA and Cardinal Obanda y Bravo, to observe ceasefire and 'security zones'; CIAV to deliver humanitarian assistance; Nicaraguan govt to demine areas mined by the Sandinistas; Annexes setting out security zones, and timetable for implementation. Page 2, Article 4, Both the United Nations Observer Group in Central America and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo shall make the necessary arrangements for verification of the cease-fire.

• Agreement document

  NI_900418_DefinitiveCeasefireAgreementNicaragua-Yatama.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

ANNEX I

Definitive cease-fire agreement between the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua and ti,e "yATAMA" Atlantic Front of the Nicaraguan Resistance under the auspices of His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo

1. The Government of the Republic of Nicaragua, duly represented by General Humberto Ortega Saavedra, and, for the "YATAMA" Atlantic Front of the Nicaraguan Resistance, Commander Osorno Colleman agree to establish formally by means of the present document, with effect from 00.00 hours on the 20th day of the month of April 1990, a definitive cease-fire which shall be strictly observed by both parties.

2. With effect from the date of the definitive cease-fire, the "YATAMA" Atlantic Front of the Nicaraguan Resistance and the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua undertake to cease all forms of military hostilities as well as all other types of operations that might lead to a renewal of hostilities.

3. In order to ensure strict observance of the cease-fire, the personnel of the United *.;;vtions Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA) and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo shall verify effective observance of the cease-fire.

In order to make it possible for the cease-fire to be verified by the United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA) and by His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo, "security zones" shall be established.

See annex 1.

4. 13oth the United Nations Observer Group in Central America and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo shall make the necessary arrangements for verification of the cease-fire.

5. The Government of the Republic of Nicaragua undertakes on 25 April 1990 to withdraw its military, paramilitary and security forces from the "security zones" and from all adjacent localities within 10 kilometres of the borders of the said zones.

Once the withdrawal of these forces has been completed, the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua undertakes not to mobilize any member of its military, paramilitary or security forces within 10 kilometres around the "security zones" and not to permit its military aircraft and helicopters to overfly the said zones.

The withdrawal of these forces from the "security zones" and the adjac nt areas shall be verified by ONUCA and by His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo, who shall also monitor the relocation of the said forces to other localities.

6. With effect from the date of this Agreement, all members of the "YATAMA" Atlantic Front of the Hicaraguan Resistance present in Nicaragua shall proceed without delay to the "security zones" to carry out the various stages of demobilization.

7. The military, paramilitary and security forces of the Government of Nicaragua shall facilitate the unimpeded passage of members of the "YATAMA" Atlantic Front of the Hicaraguan Resistance proceeding to the "security zones".

8. Communication and mobility from one zone to another shall be authorized under the co-ordination of OHUCA.

9. The Government of Nicaragua undertakes to respect the liberty, security and physical and moral integrity of the members of the "YATAMA" Atlantic Front of the Hicaraguan Resistance and of their family members.

10. CIAV shall transport and deliver humanitarian assistance to the members of the "YATAMA" Atlantic Front of the Hicaraguan Resistance ant!

their family members in the "security zones".

11. The general services normally provided in the "security zones" and their environs shall continue to be provided.

12. The Government of Hicaragua and the "YATAMA" Atlantic Front of the Hicaraguan Resistance shall co-cperate with CZAV and OHUCA in the performance of their functions.

13. The Government of Nicaragua undertakes to clear the mines from the frontier areas or Rio Coco and Bismona mined by the Sandinist People's Army.

The "YATAMA" Atlantic Front of the Hicaraguan Resistance undertakes to provide all information in its possession regarding zones which it knows to be mined.

The military authorities shall indicate the routes from which mines have been cleared for their use in the unimpeded passage of members of "YATAMA" and their family members.

His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo, under whose auspices the present Agreement is concluded, has agreed solemnly to proclaim this bilateral cease-fire as well as to co-operate and assist to the fullest of his ability in the disarmament, the verification of the effective and definitive cease-fire between the parties, the monitoring of the designated "security zones" in which the armed forces of the "YATAMA" Atlantic Front of the Hicaraguan Resistance will assemble and any other tasks of a humanitarian and social nature deriving from the above-mentioned activities.

Finally, His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo expresses his satisfaction at the patriotic decisions taken and joins with the signatories in giving thanks to the Lord for His assistance in opening the eyes of the contending parties.

For their part uhe undersigned, on behalf of and representing President-Elect Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, endorse the present definitive Cease-fire Agreement in its entirety, and pledge to observe it strictly as from 25 April 1990.

DONE in the city of Managua this 18th day of the month of April 1990.

OSORNO COLLIMAN

Commander and Chief of the "XATAMA" Atlantic Front of 'the Nicaraguan Resistance

HUMBERTO ORTEGA SAAVEDRA

Government of the Republic of Nicaragua

MIGUEL CARDINAL OBANDO Y BRAVO

ANTONIO LACAYO

Representative of the elected Government of Nicaragua

Annex 1

The present annex forms an integral part of the Cease-fire Agreement.

1. Security areas 1 and 2 shall be those indicated on the It 1,000,000, It250,000 and It50,000 scale maps.

Annex 2

The present annex forms an integral part of the Cease-fire Agreement.

18 April

1. Signature of the definitive cease-fire.

23 April

1. Withdrawal of the concentration of the Sandinist People's Army and security forces from the security zones and adjacent areas.

Annex 3

25 April

1. YATAMA members begin to proceed from the banks of the Rio Coco to security zone No.

1.

8 May

1. Installation of ONUCA observers to verify the cease-fire.

2. Arrival of the ONUCA contingent in the security sones.

3. Installation of CIAV in the security zones.

4. All YATAKA forces must be within the security sones.

18..May

1. Completion of demobilisation in sones 1 and 2