• Country/entity

  Nicaragua
  

• Region

  Americas
  

• Agreement name

  Effective and Definitive Ceasefire Agreement between the Government of Nicaragua and the Nicaraguan Resistance under the Auspices of his Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo

• Date

  18 Apr 1990

• Agreement status

  Multiparty signed/agreed

• Interim arrangement

  Yes

• Agreement/conflict level

  Intrastate/intrastate conflict ()

• Stage

  Ceasefire/related

• Conflict nature

  Government

• Peace process

  Nicaragua contra process

• Parties

  Government of Nicaragua; Nicaraguan Resistance

• Third parties

  Under the Auspices of his Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo

• Description

  Agreement providing for ceasefire and its verification, security zones for demobilization. Annex is Act establishing the demilitarized zone, and a schedule of activities to be carried out during the process of the demobilization of the resistance forces.

• Agreement document

  NI_900418_EffectiveDefinitiveCeasefireNicaragua-NicaraguanResistance.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

ANNEX II

Effective and Definitive Caaae-fira Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua and the Nicaraguan Resistance under the auapicea ot His Bminanca Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo

1. The Government of the Republic of Nicaragua, duly represented by the Minister of Defence, General Humberto Ortega Saavedra, and the Nicaraguan Resistance, duly represented by Oscar Sobalvarro "Commander Ruben", chief negotiator, and Aquilino Ruiz Robleto "Commander Minita", chief negotiator for the Wencealao Aviles Central Front, agree to establish formally by means of the present document, with effect from 12 noon on the 19th day of the month of April 1990, an effective and definitive cease-fire, which shall be strictly observed by both parties.

2. With effect from the date of the effective and definitive cease-fire, the Nicaraguan Resistance and the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua undertake to cease all forms of military hostilities as well as all other types of operation that might lead to a renewal of hostilities.

3. In order to ensure strict observance of this effective and definitive cease-fire, the personnel of the United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA) and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo shall verify effective observance of the cease-fire in accordance with the attached schedule.

4. In order to make it possible for the effective and definitive cease-fire to be verified by the United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA) and by His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo, "security zones" shall be established in the previously agreed areas, as noted in the Annex hereto.

5. Both the United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA) and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo shall make the necessary arrangements for verification of the effective and definitive cease-fire.

6. The Government of the Republic of Nicaragua undertakes in the period from 19 to 21 April to withdraw its military, paramilitary and security forces from the "security zones" and from all adjacent localities within 20 kilomet 78 of the borders of the said zones, save in those villages to be agreed on in each zone where a skeleton police force shall remain to maintain order, verified by ONUCA and Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo, and in the exclusion zones specified in the Act annexed hereto.

Once the withdrawal of these forces has been completed, the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua undertakes not to mobilize any member of its military, paramilitary or security forces within 20 kilometres around the "security zones" and not to permit its military aircraft and helicopters to overfly the said zones, save in the corridors established in the Act annexed hereto.

7. Ths withdrawal of these forces from the "security aones" and from the adjacent areas shall be verified by ONUCA and by Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo, who shall also monitor the relocation of the said forces to other localities.

8. With effect from the date of this Agreement, all combatants of the Nicaraguan Resistance present in Nicaragua shall proceed without delay to the "security aones" to carry out the various stages of the demobilisation process.

9. The military, paramilitary and securifcv forces of the Government of Nicaragua shall not hinder the unimpeded passage o.* combatants of the Kicaraguan Resistance proceeding to ths "security aoi.es".

10. The leaders of the Nicaraguan Resistance shall bs authorised to communicate and to move from one sone to another, under the co-ordination of ONUCA.

11. The Government of Nicaragua undertakes to respect the liberty, security and physical and moral integrity of members of the Nicaraguan Resistance and of their family members.

12. CIAV shall transport and deliver humanitarian assistance to the Nicaraguan Resistance troops and their family members in the "security zones".

13. The ganeral services normally provided in the "security aones" and their environs shall continue to be provided.

14. The Government of Nicaragua and the Nicaraguan Resistance shall co-operate with CZAV, ONUCA and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo in the performance of their functions.

His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo, under whose auspices the present Agreement is concluded, has agreed solemnly to proclaim this bilateral cease-fire as well as to co-operate and assist to the fullest of his ability in all stages of the demobilisation process, the verification of the effective and definitive cease-fire between the parties, the monitoring of the designated "security aones" in which the armed forces of the Resistance will assemble and any other tasks of a humanitarian and social nature deriving from the above-mentioned activities.

Finally, His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo expresses his satisfaction at the patriotic decisions taken and joins with the signatories in giving thanks to the Lord for His assistance in opening the eyes of the contending parties.

DOME in the city of Managua this 18th day of the month of April 1990.

For the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua

General Humberto ORTEGA SAAVEDRA

For the Nicaiaguan Resistance

Oscar SOBALVARRO "Commander Rubin"

Aguilino RUIZ ROBLETO "Commander Minita"

H.B. Miguel Cardinal 0BAND0 Y BRAVO

For their part, the undersigned, on behalf of and representing President-Elect Violets Barrios de Chamorro, endorse the present effective and definitive Cease-fire Agreement in its entirety and pledge to observe it strictly as from 25 April 1990.

Antonio LACAYO

Carlos HURTADO

Luis SANCHEZ

Leopoldo NAVARRO

Roberto FERREY

ACT ESTABLISHING THE DEMILITARIZED ZONE

1. " Demilitarized zone" shall mean that area lying within 20 kilometres of the security zone.

2. In the demilitarized acne, there shall be no artillery, no offensive troops of any kind, no militia and no paramilitary or security forces.

3. " Exclusion zone" shall mean, for verification purposes, the installations and brigade command posts which, being situated within 20 kilometres of the demilitarized zone, shall remain frozen under the supervision of ONUCA, one or two members of the Nicaraguan Resistance, the Sandinist People's Army and His Eminence Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo.

In zone Mo. 1 San Rafael and Las Cuchillas.

In sone Ho.

2 Walala.

Xn sone No.

3 Sio Blanco.

In sone No.

4 Santo Domingo.

Xn sone Mo. 5 Nueva Guinea.

4. The police of the villages situated within the demilitarised sone shall be disarmed.

5. The following air corridors shall be established!

(a) Managua-Ocotal-Wiwili;

(b) Managua-San Pedro del Norte-Puerto Cabesasj

(c) Managua-Juigalpa-Bluefieldst

(d) Managua-San Carlos-San Juan del Norte.

6. Co-ordination groups shall be established to solve the security problems* and shall co-ordinate, through ONUCA, the air and land traffic.

Annex

Schedule of activities to be carried out durinp the process of the demobilisation of the resistance forces

ACTIVITIES TO BE CARRIED OUT

No.

1. Signing of the effective and definitive "Cease-fire" Agreement

between the Government of Nicaragua and the Nicaraguan Resistance

2. Entry into force of the cease-fire

3. Withdrawal of the military forces of the Sandinist People's Army, security

forces and paramilitary forces from the "security zones" and adjacent localities

4. Resistance forces begin to proceed to the "security zones"

5.CIAV begins to distribute humanitarian assistance to the 12 noon Nicaraguan Resistance troops located in the "security zones"

6. Verification of the withdrawal of troops of the Government of Nicaragua by ONUCA and by Miguel Cardinal Obando y Bravo

7. Arrival in the country of the first United Nations peace-keeping forces (ONUCA)

8. ONUCA proceeds to the "security zones"

9. All Nicaraguan Resistance forces are assembled in the "security zones"

EFFECTIVE TIME-LIMIT TO BE OBSERVED

1. 18-04-90

2. 19-04-90 12 noon

3. 19-04-90 to 21-04-90

4. 19-04-90 after 12 noon

5. 19-04-90

6. 22-04-90

7. 22-04-90

8. 22-04-90

9. 25-04-90