Protocol of the Meeting of the Commissions on the Negotiations Regarding a Ceasefire and Cessation of Hostilities and on Measures to Settle the Armed Conflict on the Territory of the Chechen Republic

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Country/entity: Russia
Chechnya
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Protocol of the Meeting of the Commissions on the Negotiations Regarding a Ceasefire and Cessation of Hostilities and on Measures to Settle the Armed Conflict on the Territory of the Chechen Republic
Date: 10 Jun 1996
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Chechnya Conflicts (1991 - 2009)
The First Chechen War (1995 - 1997)
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, relations between the Federal Russian government with the over 100 ethnic groups deteriorated as demands for autonomy became a major political issue. In March 1992, a federation treaty was drafted and by 1994 the treaty was signed between 87 of the 88 federal jurisdictions and central government, with Chechnya being the exception. The conflict erupted in 1991 following the death of the head of the Communist Party in Grozny when a faction of the USSR’s dissolved military stormed Party Headquarters. Russian forces failed to re-take Grozny and in 1993 the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria announced its independence. Violence and discrimination preceded economic stagnation as non-Chechnens fled the region, and eventually an undeclared civil war broke out as the Chechen opposition attempted a counter-coup against the Chechen ruler Dzhokhar Dudayev. Following the dissolution of the Chechen Parliament in June 1993, a state of emergency was declared, and in December that year an other coup was attempted by the opposition. Issues of sovereignty spurred an assault by Russian troops in December 1994, marking the start of the first Chechen War wherein Russian troops faced four years of insurgency until a ceasefire was unilaterally declared in 1996. A peace treaty was signed in 1997 and Russian forces withdrew.

The Second Chechen War (1999 - 2004)
The inter-war period was marked by economic desolation, corruption and crime. Political polarization was rife, and religious extremism flourished. In August 1999, the Islamic International Brigade led by Shamil Basayev invaded the Russian Republic of Dagestan seeking to found an Islamic State, thereby sparking the Second Chechen War. In response, the Russian Federation began a bombing campaign against the Chechen government and eventually re-took Grozny. An insurgency began following the fall of the Chechen government and separatist attacks spurred an increasingly harsh response from the Kremlin. By 2006, the main separatist leaders had been killed, and the republic has been run by the pro-Russian government led by Ramzan Kadyrov since 2007.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Chechnya peace process
Parties: The Negotiations Commission under the direction of V. Mikhailov, Minister of the Russian Federation and Federal Relations;
Members of the Negotiations Commission of the Russian Federation:
V. Zorin. S. Stepashin. N. Bezborodov. B. Jamalkhanov. Kh. Musalatov. A. Piskunov. A.
Osmayev. V. Sagayev. N. Semenov. V. Strashko. V. Tikhomirov. N. Fedosov.
Members of the Negotiations Commission of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeriya:
Kh. Yarikhanov. A. Zakayev. K. Makhashev. M. Udugov. Ya. Abdulayev. Sh. Basayev.
M. Saldayev.

The Negotiations Commission and under the direction of A. Maskhadov, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the CRI;
Third parties: With the mediation of the representation of the OSCE: T. Guldimann
Description: Agreement provides for a comprehensive ceasefire, a withdrawal of the Provisional United Forces by the end of August 1996,

Agreement document: RU_CRI_960610_Protocol of the Meeting on the Negotiations Regarding a Ceasefire.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General references
5. The Negotiations Commissions have agreed that it is necessary to conduct free and democratic elections to the orgas of the State govt of the Chechen Rep at all levels and with the participation of all genuine political forces, with those elections subject o pubilc and intl monitoring; the conduct of the elections to be an internal affair of the Chehcen Rep
Elections: Page 2, 2. Within agreed time-limits:
5. The Negotiations Commissions have agreed that it is necessary to conduct free and democratic elections to the organs of State government of the Chechen Republic at all levels and with the participation of all genuine political forces, with those elections to be subject to public and international monitoring after the withdrawal of the Provisional United Forces from the territory of the Chechen Republic and its demilitarization have been completed.
The question of how the elections to any organ of State government of the Chechen Republic at all levels and with the participation of all genuine political forces are to be conducted is an internal affair of the Chechen Republic.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 2, 2. Within agreed time-limits:
- Checkpoints on roads leading out of inhabited communities shall be eliminated during the period from 11 June to 7 July 1996.
- For the purpose of protecting formations of the Provisional United Forces, control checkpoints are to be established, which shall be eliminated as those formations are withdrawn.

Page 2, 2. Within agreed time-limits:
4. The heads of the working groups – V. Tikhominov, Commander of the Provisional United Forces, and A. Kaskhadov, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeriya – shall:
- Carry out an exchange of the data required to monitor the implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Protocol;
- Delimit the zones of responsibility and designate the persons responsible for the cease-fire and cessation of hostilities in those zones (the joint working groups shall determine the number of zones of responsibility);
- Begin drawing up a timetable for the stage-by-stage withdrawal and removal of the Provisional United Forces from the territory of the Chechen Republic and for its demilitarization, reaching an agreement on this timetable before 15 June 1996 at the level of Negotiations Commission heads.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Have agreed as follows:
1. The cease-fire and cessation of hostilities completely exclude:
- The use of any types of armaments for combat purposes, including rocket, artillery and other forms of shelling and aerial bombardment;
- Any attacks and operations involving troops, including special operations (joint working groups shall formulate a definition of the term “special operations”);
- The seizure or blockade of inhabited communities, military facilities, and roads;
- Any threats to the work of community governments;
- The unlawful bearing of arms (joint working groups shall formulate a definition of “unlawful bearing of arms”);
- Acts of terrorism or sabotage;
- Attacks on or mining of roads, railways, lines and pipelines, transport facilities, columns of persons, and military or civilian convoys;
- Abductions, the seizure of hostages, and the pillaging or killing of peaceful inhabitants or military personnel.

In the event of a violation of the provisions of this paragraph, the Parties may take appropriate independent defensive action and joint measures to put an end to the violation in question.

Page 2, 2. Within agreed time-limits:
... - The withdrawal of the Provisional United Forces from the territory of the Chechen Republic shall be completed by the end of August 1996. To that end, joint working groups shall draw up a timetable for the stage-by-stage withdrawal and removal of the Provisional United Forces from the territory of the Chechen Republic and for its demilitarization.

Page 2, 2. Within agreed time-limits:
4. The heads of the working groups – V. Tikhominov, Commander of the Provisional United Forces, and A. Kaskhadov, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeriya – shall:
... - Delimit the zones of responsibility and designate the persons responsible for the cease-fire and cessation of hostilities in those zones (the joint working groups shall determine the number of zones of responsibility);
... - Begin drawing up a timetable for the stage-by-stage withdrawal and removal of the Provisional United Forces from the territory of the Chechen Republic and for its demilitarization, reaching an agreement on this timetable before 15 June 1996 at the level of Negotiations Commission heads.

Page 2, 2. Within agreed time-limits:
5. The Negotiations Commissions have agreed that it is necessary to conduct free and democratic elections to the organs of State government of the Chechen Republic at all levels and with the participation of all genuine political forces, with those elections to be subject to public and international monitoring after the withdrawal of the Provisional United Forces from the territory of the Chechen Republic and its demilitarization have been completed.
The question of how the elections to any organ of State government of the Chechen Republic at all levels and with the participation of all genuine political forces are to be conducted is an internal affair of the Chechen Republic.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: Page 1, Have agreed as follows:
1. The cease-fire and cessation of hostilities completely exclude:
... - Acts of terrorism or sabotage;

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: With the mediation of the representation of the OSCE: T. Guldimann
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2, 2. Within agreed time-limits:
3. Joint working groups shall be established to monitor the implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Protocol.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: INCORE, http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/services/cds/agreements/pdf/rus3.pdf

Protocol of the Meeting of the Commissions on the Negotiations Regarding a Ceasefire and Cessation of Hostilities and on Measures to Settle the Armed Conflict on the Territory of the Chechen Republic

Nazran, 10 June 1996

For the purpose of implementing the Agreement on a Cease-fire and Cessation of Hostilities and on Measures to Settle the Armed Conflict on the Territory of the Chechen Republic, signed by Mr. V.S. Chernomyrdin and Mr. Z. Yandarbiev on 27 May 1996 in Moscow,

The Negotiations Commission formed by order of the Government of the Russian Federation and under the direction of V. Mikhailov, Minister of the Russian Federation and Federal Relations, and

The Negotiations Commission formed by order of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeriya (CRI)* and under the direction of A. Maskhadov, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the CRI,

Have agreed as follows:

1. The cease-fire and cessation of hostilities completely exclude:

- The use of any types of armaments for combat purposes, including rocket, artillery and other forms of shelling and aerial bombardment;

- Any attacks and operations involving troops, including special operations (joint working groups shall formulate a definition of the term “special operations”);

- The seizure or blockade of inhabited communities, military facilities, and roads;

- Any threats to the work of community governments;

- The unlawful bearing of arms (joint working groups shall formulate a definition of “unlawful bearing of arms”);

- Acts of terrorism or sabotage;

- Attacks on or mining of roads, railways, lines and pipelines, transport facilities, columns of persons, and military or civilian convoys;

- Abductions, the seizure of hostages, and the pillaging or killing of peaceful inhabitants or military personnel.

In the event of a violation of the provisions of this paragraph, the Parties may take appropriate independent defensive action and joint measures to put an end to the violation in question.

2. Within agreed time-limits:

- Checkpoints on roads leading out of inhabited communities shall be eliminated during the period from 11 June to 7 July 1996.

- For the purpose of protecting formations of the Provisional United Forces, control checkpoints are to be established, which shall be eliminated as those formations are withdrawn.

- The withdrawal of the Provisional United Forces from the territory of the Chechen Republic shall be completed by the end of August 1996.

To that end, joint working groups shall draw up a timetable for the stage-by-stage withdrawal and removal of the Provisional United Forces from the territory of the Chechen Republic and for its demilitarization.

3. Joint working groups shall be established to monitor the implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Protocol.

4. The heads of the working groups – V. Tikhominov, Commander of the Provisional United Forces, and A. Kaskhadov, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeriya – shall:

- Carry out an exchange of the data required to monitor the implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Protocol;

- Delimit the zones of responsibility and designate the persons responsible for the cease-fire and cessation of hostilities in those zones (the joint working groups shall determine the number of zones of responsibility);

- Begin drawing up a timetable for the stage-by-stage withdrawal and removal of the Provisional United Forces from the territory of the Chechen Republic and for its demilitarization, reaching an agreement on this timetable before 15 June 1996 at the level of Negotiations Commission heads.

5. The Negotiations Commissions have agreed that it is necessary to conduct free and democratic elections to the organs of State government of the Chechen Republic at all levels and with the participation of all genuine political forces, with those elections to be subject to public and international monitoring after the withdrawal of the Provisional United Forces from the territory of the Chechen Republic and its demilitarization have been completed.

The question of how the elections to any organ of State government of the Chechen Republic at all levels and with the participation of all genuine political forces are to be conducted is an internal affair of the Chechen Republic.

6. The participants in the negotiations shall refrain from any actions or statements that obstruct or that might obstruct the implementation of the Agreement of 27 May 1996, the Protocol of 28 May 1996, this Protocol, and all subsequent joint decisions by the participants in the negotiations.

This Protocol has been drawn up in three authentic copies.

V. Mikhailov

A. Maskhadov

With the mediation of the representation of the OSCE

T. Guldimann

Members of the Negotiations Commission of the Russian Federation:

V. Zorin.

S. Stepashin.

N. Bezborodov.

B. Jamalkhanov.

Kh.

Musalatov.

A. Piskunov.

Osmayev.

V. Sagayev.

N. Semenov.

V. Strashko.

V. Tikhomirov.

N. Fedosov.

Members of the Negotiations Commission of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeriya:

Kh. Yarikhanov.

A. Zakayev.

K. Makhashev.

M. Udugov.

Ya.

Abdulayev.

Sh.

Basayev.

M. Saldayev.

“I CONFIRM”

Chairman of the Negotiations Commission formed by order of the Government of the

Russian Federation

V. Mikhailov

“I CONFIRM”

Chairman of the Negotiations Commission formed by order of the Cabinet of Ministers

of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeriya

A. Maskhadov

* The Negotiations Commission formed by order of the Government of the Russian Federation states that the Chechen Republic of Ichkeriya is not recognized under the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Protocol of the Meeting of the Commissions on the Negotiations Regarding a Ceasefire and Cessation of Hostilities and on Measures to Settle the Armed Conflict on the Territory of the Chechen Republic

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement