• Country/entity

  Niger
  Air and Azawad
  

• Region

  Africa (excl MENA)
  Africa (excl MENA)
  

• Agreement name

  Protocole d'accord additionnel entre le Gouvernement de la Republique du Niger et l'Union des Forces de la Resistance Armee (FPLS, MUR, FAR) et les Forces Armees Revolutionnaires du Sahara

• Date

  23 Nov 1997

• Agreement status

  Multiparty signed/agreed

• Interim arrangement

  Yes

• Agreement/conflict level

  Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Tuareg Wars (1962 - ) )

• Stage

  Framework/substantive - partial

• Conflict nature

  Government/territory

• Peace process

  Niger peace process

• Parties

  HAVE SIGNED
  For the Government of the Republic of Niger ISSOFOU OUBANDAWAKI
  For the Union of Forces of the Armed Resistance (FPLS, MUR, FAR) MOHAMED ANACKO
  For the Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Sahara (FARS) BARKA WARDOUGOU

• Third parties

  HAVE SIGNED For the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria MADJID BOUGUERRA

• Description

  The agreement establishes a ceasefire, release of prisoners, and de-mining, and future uniting of forces, and disarmament of ex-combatants.

• Agreement document

  NE_971123_Protocol_EN.pdf | Download PDF

• Agreement document (original language)

  NE_971123_Protocol_FR.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF NIGER AND THE UNION OF FORCES OF THE ARMED RESISTANCE (FPLS, MUR, FAR) AND THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF THE SAHARA

In implementing the Peace Agreement of April 24, 1995, the Government of the Republic of Niger, the Union of Forces of the Armed Resistance (l’Union des Forces de la Résistance Armées (UFRA/FPFS, MUR, FAR) and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Sahara (les Forces Armées Révolutionnaires du Sahara, FARS),

Convinced of the need to restore peace in their country

Wishing to preserve national unity and the territorial integrity of the Republic

Reaffirming their adherence to the constitution of May 12, 1996,and respect for the institutions of the Republic;

Have agreed, under the auspices of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, the following:

Article 1:

A definitive ceasefire shall enter into force on November 27, 1997, at 00.00 hours, Naimey time.

The Government, UFRA and FARS shall take all necessary steps to avoid any actions likely to cause confrontations in the zones affected by the conflict.

Article 2:

Entry into force of the ceasefire shall be followed by the release of all persons detained on both sides for acts of war, according to procedures agreed by the two parties.

Article 3:

Following entry into force of the ceasefire, the two parties shall, each on its own behalf, carry out mine clearance.

At the end of this process, which should last no longer than two weeks, the parties shall form a joint team tasked with verifying the mine clearance operation.

Article 4:

Billeting of ex-combatants shall begin on January 1, 1998 and end on January 31, 1998.

A mixed commission shall carry out identification operations from January 10, 1998.

Article 5:

Integration in the Saharan security units and military and paramilitary units shall take place on January 25, 1988.

Action shall be taken regarding State and mixed economy organisations to facilitate the integration of demobilised ex-combatants.

Integration in the areas of education and of health shall be based on the applications presented at the appropriate time.

Article 6:

An appropriate framework will be created to secure finance for the programme for socio-economic reinsertion of ex-combatants.

Article 7:

The disarmament of ex-combatants shall take place on January 30, 1998.

10

The issue of post-conflict management in Niger:

analysis of the policy of reinsertion of Tuareg ex-combatants

Aofit 2009

SPECIFIC PROVISIONS

Article 8:

The Saharan Security Units shall be operational after their formation.

For the specific case of zones at risk they shall be operational at the same time.

Ex-members of the Resistance shall be fully involved in managing the process of decentralisation.

The President of the Republic shall select members of the Fronts and Movements for integration in and nomination for State jobs.

A general amnesty shall be proclaimed for persons involved in acts of war before the date of signature of the present agreement.

Calming measures shall be taken to assist the populations affected by the conflict and in order to remember all the victims.

FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 9:

UFRA (FPLS, MUR, FAR) and FARS, together with the Nigerien Government, shall request Algeria to use its good offices to restore peace in Niger.

In this regard, Algeria, in close collaboration with the two parties, shall monitor implementation of the provisions of the present agreement protocol.

RECOMMENDATION

The meeting shall recommend to the Government and to the FDR to do all in their power to bring about a successful resolution of the situation prevailing in the east of the country, in order to re-establish peace and security as soon as possible.

Done at Algiers, November 23, 1997 HAVE SIGNED

For the Government of the Republic of Niger ISSOFOU OUBANDAWAKI

For the Union of Forces of the Armed Resistance (FPLS, MUR, FAR) MOHAMED ANACKO

For the Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Sahara (FARS) BARKA WARDOUGOU

For the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria MADJID BOUGUERRA