• Country/entity

  Somalia
  

• Region

  Africa (excl MENA)
  

• Agreement name

  The General Agreement signed in Addis Ababa

• Date

  8 Jan 1993

• Agreement status

  Multiparty signed/agreed

• Interim arrangement

  Yes

• Agreement/conflict level

  Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Somali Civil War (1991 - ) )

• Stage

  Pre-negotiation/process

• Conflict nature

  Government

• Peace process

  Somalia Peace Process

• Parties

  Somali African Muki Org (SAMO), signed for by Mr. Mohamed Ramadan Arbow, Chairman;
  Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA), signed for by Mr. Mohamed Farah Abdullahi, Chairman;
  Somali Democratic Movement (SDM) (SNA), signed for by Abdi Muse Mayo, Chairman, and Col. Mohamed Nur Aliyou, Chairman;
  Somali National Democratic Union (SNDU), signed for by Mr. Al=i Ismael Abdi, Chairman;
  Somali National Front (SNF), signed for by Gen. Omar Hagi Mohamed Hersi, Chairman;
  Somali National Union (SNU), signed for by Dr. Mohamed Ragis Mohamed, Chairman;
  Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM), signed for by Gen. Aden Abdillahi Noor, Chairman, and Col. Ahmed Omar Jess, Chairman
  Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), signed for by Gen. Mohamed Abshir Musse, Chairman;
  Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM) (SNA), signed for by Col. Abdi Warsame Isaaq, Chairman;
  United Somali Congress (USC)(SNA), signed for by Gen. Mohamed Farag Aidid, Chairman and Mr. Mohamed Qanyare Afrah, Chairman;
  United Somali Front (USF), signed for by Mr. Abdurahman Dualeh Ali, Chairman;
  United Somali Party (USP), signed for by Mohamed Abdi Hashi, Chairman

• Third parties

  UN (SG as facilitator), OAU, League of Arab States, Org. of the Islamic Conference, Standing Committee of the Horm of Africa (status unclear- don't appear to have signed; collaborated in facilitation of meeting), Ethiopia (host)

• Description

  Parties agree to convene a National Reconciliation Conference and declare an immediate ceasefire.

• Agreement document

  SO_930108_GeneralAgreement.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Annex II

The General Agreement signed in Addis Ababa on 8 January 1993

We, the undersigned Somali political leaders, meeting at the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from

4 January 1993 at the Informal Preparatory Meeting on National Reconciliation in Somalia, would like to thank the Secretary-General of the United Nations, H.E. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who has facilitated this meeting in collaboration with the Organization of African Unity, the League of Arab States, the Organization of the Islamic Conference and the Standing Committee of the Horn of Africa.

We also thank the Government and people of Ethiopia, and

H.E. Meles Zenawi, President of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia, for hosting the Meeting and for his personal engagement in assisting our efforts to reach the following agreement.

We, the Somali participants, further express our deep appreciation for the concern of the international community for the humanitarian crisis in our country and recognize their wish for us to reach a peaceful solution to our country's severe problems.

After discussing our problems and considering all options, we have agreed on the following points:

1. The convening of a National Reconciliation Conference in Addis Ababa on 15 March 1993;

2. The declaration of an immediate and binding cease-fire in all parts of the country under the control of the concerned warring factions, subject to paragraph (a) below;

3. The immediate cessation of all hostile propaganda against each other and the creation of an atmosphere conducive to reconciliation and peace;

4. The United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM), in consultation with the relevant regional and subregional organizations, will be responsible for the logistical preparations of the National Reconciliation Conference;

5. The establishment of further mechanisms for the continuation of free dialogue amongst all political factions and leaders in Somalia in preparation for the National Reconciliation Conference;

6. To continue and enhance our full and unrestrained cooperation with all international organizations working inside and outside Somalia to distribute humanitarian relief to our people;

7. To commit ourselves, without reservation, to facilitating the free movement of Somali people throughout the entire country as a measure of confidence-building before the National Reconciliation Conference.

This agreement shall be valid upon completion and adoption by consensus on the following three points, and a separate communique will be issued before leaving Addis Ababa:

a. The establishment of the modalities for implementing the cease-fire amongst all warring parties and the creation of a mechanism for disarmament;

b. The agenda of the national Reconciliation Conference;

c. The criteria for participation in the National Reconciliation Conference.

This agreement, signed in Addis Ababa on 8 January 1993, shall be considered binding on all the undersigned parties henceforth and all signatories shall be obliged to secure the support and implementation of this agreement amongst their movements and followers.

Somali African Muki Org (SAMO), signed for by Mr. Mohamed Ramadan Arbow, Chairman;

Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA), signed for by Mr. Mohamed Farah Abdullahi, Chairman;

Somali Democratic Movement (SDM) (SNA), signed for by Abdi Muse Mayo, Chairman, and Col.

Mohamed Nur Aliyou, Chairman;

Somali National Democratic Union (SNDU), signed for by Mr. Al=i Ismael Abdi, Chairman;

Somali National Front (SNF), signed for by Gen. Omar Hagi Mohamed Hersi, Chairman;

Somali National Union (SNU), signed for by Dr. Mohamed Ragis Mohamed, Chairman;

Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM), signed for by Gen. Aden Abdillahi Noor, Chairman, and Col.

Ahmed Omar Jess, Chairman

Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), signed for by Gen. Mohamed Abshir Musse, Chairman;

Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM) (SNA), signed for by Col.

Abdi Warsame Isaaq, Chairman;

United Somali Congress (USC)(SNA), signed for by Gen. Mohamed Farag Aidid, Chairman and Mr. Mohamed Qanyare Afrah, Chairman;

United Somali Front (USF), signed for by Mr. Abdurahman Dualeh Ali, Chairman;

United Somali Party (USP), signed for by Mohamed Abdi Hashi, Chairman

January 8, 1993

Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA Africa Hall