The Toncontin Agreement

Export agreement:

Export agreement coding (PDF)

Country/entity
Nicaragua
Region
Americas
Agreement name
The Toncontin Agreement
Date
23 Mar 1990
Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement
Yes
Agreement/conflict level
Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Nicaraguan Revolution (1978 - 1979) and Sandinista/Contra War (1981 – 1990) )
Stage
Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature
Government
Peace process
Nicaragua contra process
Parties
President Elect Mrs Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, Nicaraguan Resistance
Third parties
Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando Bravo
Description
Resistance forces recognize the results of free elections and commits to demobilizing; parties agree a ceasefire; parties requesting cooperation of intl bodies such as ONUCA and Comisión Internacional de Apoyo y Verificación (CIAV), and Most Reverend Miguel Obando y Bravo

Agreement document
NI_00323_Toncontin Agreement.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth
Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
Page 2, In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:
[...]
Second. As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle. To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office. They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.
[...]
Disabled persons
No specific mention.
Elderly/age
No specific mention.
Migrant workers
No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group
No specific mention.
Religious groups
No specific mention.
Indigenous people
No specific mention.
Other groups
No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons
No specific mention.
Social class
No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender
Page 2,
In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:
[...]
Second. As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle. To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office. They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.
[...]
Men and boys
No specific mention.
LGBTI
No specific mention.
Family
No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general)
No specific mention.
State configuration
No specific mention.
Self determination
No specific mention.
Referendum
No specific mention.
State symbols
No specific mention.
Independence/secession
No specific mention.
Accession/unification
No specific mention.
Border delimitation
No specific mention.
Cross-border provision
No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
Elections
Page 2,

Negotiating Committee of the Nicaraguan resistance recognizes that the election of authorities on 25 February in Nicaragua, being held amid freedom, fairness and efficiency, permitted the triumph of the will of the Nicaraguan people to establish a process of democratization, in the victorious formula Barrios de Chamorro-Godoy Reyes, the candidates of the Union Nacional Opositora.
Electoral commission
No specific mention.
Political parties reform
No specific mention.
Civil society
Most reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo signatory to agmt,
Traditional/religious leaders
No specific mention.
Public administration
No specific mention.
Constitution
No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing
Power sharing→Political power sharing→Other
State level
Page 2,
In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:
[...]
Third. That, for the purpose of implementing all that is agreed on, there shall be appointed a special transition committee, composed of members of the new Government and of the Nicaraguan resistance, whose names will be announced shortly.
[...]
Territorial power sharing
No specific mention.
Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
Military power sharing
No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general
No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
Civil and political rights
No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship
No specific mention.
Democracy
No specific mention.
Detention procedures
No specific mention.
Media and communication
No specific mention.
Mobility/access
No specific mention.
Protection measures
No specific mention.
Other
No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI
No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
Traditional Laws
No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction
No specific mention.
National economic plan
No specific mention.
Natural resources
No specific mention.
International funds
No specific mention.
Business
No specific mention.
Taxation
No specific mention.
Banks
No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
Cultural heritage
No specific mention.
Environment
No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees
No specific mention.
Ceasefire
Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 2,
Negotiating Committee of the Nicaraguan resistance recognizes that the election of authorities on 25 February in Nicaragua/ being held amid freedom, fairness and efficiency, permitted the triumph of the will of the Nicaraguan people to establish a process of democratization, in the victorious formula Barrios de Chamorro-Godoy Reyes, the candidates of the Union Nacional Opositora. Such a transcendental occurrence in our history allows us to state emphatically that we have decided to initiate the process of the general demobilization of our forces, beginning with the disarming of those still remaining in the Republic of Honduras by 20 April 1990 at the latest. To this end, we now request the co-operation and assistance of international bodies, such as ONUCA and CIAV, and His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo. The internal military confrontations in Nicaragua must cease simultaneously, and to that end the following steps must be taken:

First, an effective cease-fire by both parties, verifiable by international bodies (ONUCA, CIAV) and His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo.
Police
No specific mention.
Armed forces
No specific mention.
DDR
Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 2,
Negotiating Committee of the Nicaraguan resistance recognizes that the election of authorities on 25 February in Nicaragua/ being held amid freedom, fairness and efficiency, permitted the triumph of the will of the Nicaraguan people to establish a process of democratization, in the victorious formula Barrios de Chamorro-Godoy Reyes, the candidates of the Union Nacional Opositora. Such a transcendental occurrence in our history allows us to state emphatically that we have decided to initiate the process of the general demobilization of our forces, beginning with the disarming of those still remaining in the Republic of Honduras by 20 April 1990 at the latest. To this end, we now request the co-operation and assistance of international bodies, such as ONUCA and CIAV, and His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo. The internal military confrontations in Nicaragua must cease simultaneously, and to that end the following steps must be taken:

[...]

Second, concentration of our armed forces currently in Nicaragua in security zones delimited in advance in Nicaraguan territory and supervised by the above-mentioned international bodies, as well as by His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo, so that the process of demobilization may be carried out in an atmosphere of security and order that guarantee the life of our brothers and the normal conduct of their peaceful work.
[...]

In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:
[...]

Second. As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle. To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office. They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.

[...]

Fourth. The new Government to be headed by Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro undertakes to arrange with appropriate Governments humanitarian assistance for the members of the Nicaraguan resistance, as well as the medical infrastructure for the necessary care of conflict victims over the duration of the demobilization
Intelligence services
No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
Corruption
No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime
No specific mention.
Drugs
No specific mention.
Terrorism
No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
Courts
No specific mention.
Mechanism
No specific mention.
Prisoner release
No specific mention.
Vetting
No specific mention.
Victims
Page 2, Second. As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle. To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office. They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.
Missing persons
No specific mention.
Reparations
Transitional justice→Reparations→Material reparations
Page 2, Second. As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle. To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office. They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.
Reconciliation
page 2,
In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:
[...]

Third. That, for the purpose of implementing all that is agreed on, there shall be appointed a special transition committee, composed of members of the new Government and of the Nicaraguan resistance, whose names will be announced shortly.
[...]

Implementation

UN signatory
No specific mention.
Other international signatory
His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo
Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar
No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism
Third. For the purpose of implementing all that is agreed on, there shall be appointed a special transition committee, composed of members of the new Govt and the Nicaraguan resistance,
Related cases
No specific mention.
Source
UN Peacemaker. Available at: https://peacemaker.un.org/nepal-toncontinagreement90 (Accessed 6 October 2020).

TONCONTIN AGREEMENT

The Negotiating Committee of the Nicaraguan resistance recognizes that the election of authorities on 25 February in Nicaragua, being held amid freedom, fairness and efficiency, permitted the triumph of the will of the Nicaraguan people to establish a process of democratization, in the victorious formula Barrios de Chamorro-Godoy Reyes, the candidates of the Union Nacional Opositora.

Such a transcendental·occurrence in our history allows us to state emphatically that we have decided to initiate the process of the general demobilization of our forces, beginning with the disarming of those still t·qmaining in the Republic of Honduras by 20 April 1990 at the latest.

To this end, we now request the co-operation and assistance of international bodies, such as ONUCA and CIAV, and His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo.

The internal military confrontations in Nicaragua must cease simultaneously, and to that end the

following steps must be taken:

First, an effective cease-fire by both parties, verifiable by international bodies (ONUCA, CIAV) and His Eminence the Most Rever,,nd Cardinal

Miguel Obando y Bravo,

Second, concentration of our armed forces currently in Nicaragua in security zones delimited in advance in Nicaraguan territory and supervised by the above-mentioned international bodies, as well as by His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo, so that the process of demobilization may be carried out in an atmosphere of security and order that guarantee the life of our brothers and the normal conduct of their peaceful work,

In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:

First, It has noted with great satisfaction the decision of the Nicaraguan resistance to initiate the process of demobilization as from this date.

Second, As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle, To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs, Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office, They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.

Third, That, for the purpose of implementing all that is agreed on, there shall be appointed a special transition committee, composed of members of the new Government and of the Nicaraguan resistance, whose names will be announced shortly,

Fourth, The new Government to be headed by Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro undertakes to arrange with appropriate Governments humanitarian assistance for the members of the Nicaraguan resistance, as well as the medical infrastructure for the necessary care of conflict victims over the duration of the demobilization.

For his part, His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo expresses his satisfaction at the patriotic decisio~s taken and joins with the signatories in offering thanks to the Lord for his assistance in enlightening the participating parties.

Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 23 March 1990