Framework Agreement to Resolve the Conflict in Darfur between the Government of Sudan and the JEM
Export agreement coding (PDF)Country/entity
Sudan
DarfurRegion
Africa (excl MENA)
Africa (excl MENA)Agreement name
Framework Agreement to Resolve the Conflict in Darfur between the Government of Sudan and the JEMDate
23 Feb 2010Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreedInterim arrangement
YesAgreement/conflict level
Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( )Stage
Framework/substantive - partialConflict nature
Government/territoryPeace process
Darfur-Sudan peace processParties
For the Government of Sudan (GoS): Dr. Amin Hassan Omer, Minister of State, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports;
For the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM): Ahmed Mohammed Togud Lissan, Secretary for Negotiations and Peace Affairs;Third parties
Witnessed by: For the State of Qatar: Ahmed bin Abdullah Al-Mahmoud, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Member of the Cabinet; For the AU-UN Mediation: Djbrill Yipene Bassole, Joint Chief Mediator;Description
A short framework agreement committing the parties to an immediate ceasefire, integration of JEM forces into the Sudanese military, and committing the parties to further negotiations on the issues of administrative reorganization, wealth-sharing, and further non-disclosed issues.
Agreement document
Groups
- Children/youth
No specific mention.
- Disabled persons
No specific mention.
- Elderly/age
No specific mention.
- Migrant workers
No specific mention.
- Racial/ethnic/national group
No specific mention.
- Religious groups
No specific mention.
- Indigenous people
No specific mention.
- Other groups
No specific mention.
- Refugees/displaced personsGroups→Refugees/displaced persons→RhetoricalPage 2, Article (8)
The Government of Sudan (GOS) shall commit itself to fairly compensate the refugees, and displaced persons and all those who have been affected by the conflict in Darfur and shall also commit itself to ensuring the right of voluntary return for the refugees and displaced persons to their original areas and establish service providing institutions and infrastructure with a view to securing a decent life for them. - Social class
No specific mention.
Gender
- Women, girls and gender
No specific mention.
- Men and boys
No specific mention.
- LGBTI
No specific mention.
- Family
No specific mention.
State definition
- Nature of state (general)Page 1, Preamble,
...Being keen to achieve a just and durable peace to the entire national Sudanese territories, particularly to the Darfur region, and to maintain the Unity of Sudan.
Page 1, Preamble,
...Being desirous to work towards a balance development to the Sudanese nation which relies on the diversity and idiosyncrasy of the different Sudanese regions with a view to ensuring socio-economic progress for all, and full exercising of fundamental freedoms, based on equality among citizens. - State configuration
No specific mention.
- Self determination
No specific mention.
- Referendum
No specific mention.
- State symbols
No specific mention.
- Independence/secession
No specific mention.
- Accession/unification
No specific mention.
- Border delimitation
No specific mention.
- Cross-border provision
No specific mention.
Governance
- Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
- Elections
No specific mention.
- Electoral commission
No specific mention.
- Political parties reform
No specific mention.
- Civil societyPage 2, Article (4),
The Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM) shall immediately be transformed into a political party upon signing the comprehensive and final peace agreement. - Traditional/religious leaders
No specific mention.
- Public administrationPage 2, Article (7)
All military and civil personnel of the Equality and Justice Movement Sudan fired from service shall be reinstated to their equal ranks in such a manner as to be agreed upon by the two parties.
Page 2, Article (9)
The issue of administrative reorganization in Darfur shall be subject to negotiation between the two parties with a view to concluding a final agreement. - Constitution
No specific mention.
Power sharing
- Political power sharingPower sharing→Political power sharing→GeneralState levelPage 2, Article (3),
Participation of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan in power at all levels of governance in accordance with an approach to be agreed upon by the two sides. - Territorial power sharingPower sharing→Territorial power sharing→Federal or similar sub-divided governmentPage 2, Article (9)
The issue of administrative reorganization in Darfur shall be subject to negotiation between the two parties with a view to concluding a final agreement. - Economic power sharingPower sharing→Economic power sharing→Sharing of resourcesPage 3, Article (10)
The issue of wealth-sharing shall be subject to negotiation between the two parties with a view to concluding a final agreement. Also, the same applies to issues of land and (Hawakir) and any other issues conducive to peace and deemed to be necessary by the parties for the completion of issues of a global peace agreement. - Military power sharingPower sharing→Military power sharing→Merger of forcesPage 2, Article (5),
Integration of the forces of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan in the Armed Forces and the consolidated Security and Police Forces according to what is agreed on by the two parties, this procedures shall be preceded by deploying and training these forces in such locations and according to such a mechanism as to be agreed upon by the two parties.
Page 2, Article (6)
The Government of Sudan (GOS) shall bear all necessary expenses of the Forces of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM) during the deployment and training period thereof.
Page 2, Article (7)
All military and civil personnel of the Equality and Justice Movement Sudan fired from service shall be reinstated to their equal ranks in such a manner as to be agreed upon by the two parties.
Human rights and equality
- Human rights/RoL generalPage 1, Preamble,
[...] Being desirous to work towards a balance development to the Sudanese nation which relies on the diversity and idiosyncrasy of the different Sudanese regions with a view to ensuring socio-economic progress for all, and full exercising of fundamental freedoms, based on equality among citizens. - Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
- Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
- Civil and political rights
No specific mention.
- Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.
Rights related issues
- CitizenshipRights related issues→Citizenship→Citizens, specific rightsPage 1, Preamble,
...Being desirous to work towards a balance development to the Sudanese nation which relies on the diversity and idiosyncrasy of the different Sudanese regions with a view to ensuring socio-economic progress for all, and full exercising of fundamental freedoms, based on equality among citizens. - Democracy
No specific mention.
- Detention procedures
No specific mention.
- Media and communication
No specific mention.
- Mobility/access
No specific mention.
- Protection measures
No specific mention.
- Other
No specific mention.
Rights institutions
- NHRI
No specific mention.
- Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.
Justice sector reform
- Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
- State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
- Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
- Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
- Traditional LawsPage 3, Article (10)
The issue of wealth-sharing shall be subject to negotiation between the two parties with a view to concluding a final agreement. Also, the same applies to issues of land and (Hawakir) and any other issues conducive to peace and deemed to be necessary by the parties for the completion of issues of a global peace agreement.
Socio-economic reconstruction
- Development or socio-economic reconstructionSocio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstructionPage 2, Article (8)
The Government of Sudan (GOS) shall commit itself to fairly compensate the refugees, and displaced persons and all those who have been affected by the conflict in Darfur and shall also commit itself to ensuring the right of voluntary return for the refugees and displaced persons to their original areas and establish service providing institutions and infrastructure with a view to securing a decent life for them. - National economic plan
No specific mention.
- Natural resources
No specific mention.
- International funds
No specific mention.
- Business
No specific mention.
- Taxation
No specific mention.
- Banks
No specific mention.
Land, property and environment
- Land reform/rightsLand, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Other land rightsPage 3, Article (10)
The issue of wealth-sharing shall be subject to negotiation between the two parties with a view to concluding a final agreement. Also, the same applies to issues of land and (Hawakir) and any other issues conducive to peace and deemed to be necessary by the parties for the completion of issues of a global peace agreement. - Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
- Cultural heritage
No specific mention.
- Environment
No specific mention.
- Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.
Security sector
- Security Guarantees
No specific mention.
- CeasefireSecurity sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provisionPage 1, Article (1),
Announcement of a ceasefire and the immediate initiation of negotiations in order to agree on the enforcement of the same. - Police
No specific mention.
- Armed forcesPage 2, Article (5),
Integration of the forces of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan in the Armed Forces and the consolidated Security and Police Forces according to what is agreed on by the two parties, this procedures shall be preceded by deploying and training these forces in such locations and according to such a mechanism as to be agreed upon by the two parties.
Page 2, Article (7)
All military and civil personnel of the Equality and Justice Movement Sudan fired from service shall be reinstated to their equal ranks in such a manner as to be agreed upon by the two parties. - DDR
No specific mention.
- Intelligence services
No specific mention.
- Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forcesPage 1, Preamble,
...Taking into consideration the Interim Constitution of the Republic of the Sudan, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in Naivasha in January 2005, and the Agreement of Good Will and Confidence Building for the settlement of the problem in Darfur, signed in Doha on 17 February 2009 between the Government of National Unity and the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan, and
Page 1, Preamble,
...Convinced of the genuine desire shown by the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM),
Page 2, Article (2),
Issuance of a general amnesty for the civil and military members of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM), and the release of the war prisoners and convicted persons from both sides, after the final signing of this Agreement.
Page 2, Article (4),
The Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM) shall immediately be transformed into a political party upon signing the comprehensive and final peace agreement.
Page 2, Article (5),
Integration of the forces of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan in the Armed Forces and the consolidated Security and Police Forces according to what is agreed on by the two parties, this procedures shall be preceded by deploying and training these forces in such locations and according to such a mechanism as to be agreed upon by the two parties.
Page 2, Article (6)
The Government of Sudan (GOS) shall bear all necessary expenses of the Forces of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM) during the deployment and training period thereof.
Page 2, Article (7)
All military and civil personnel of the Equality and Justice Movement Sudan fired from service shall be reinstated to their equal ranks in such a manner as to be agreed upon by the two parties. - Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
- Corruption
No specific mention.
- Crime/organised crime
No specific mention.
- Drugs
No specific mention.
- Terrorism
No specific mention.
Transitional justice
- Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
- Amnesty/pardonTransitional justice→Amnesty/pardon→Amnesty/pardon properPage 2, Article (2),
Issuance of a general amnesty for the civil and military members of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM), and the release of the war prisoners and convicted persons from both sides, after the final signing of this Agreement.Transitional justice→Amnesty/pardon→Relief of other sanctionsPage 2, Article (7)
All military and civil personnel of the Equality and Justice Movement Sudan fired from service shall be reinstated to their equal ranks in such a manner as to be agreed upon by the two parties. - Courts
No specific mention.
- Mechanism
No specific mention.
- Prisoner releasePage 2, Article (2),
Issuance of a general amnesty for the civil and military members of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM), and the release of the war prisoners and convicted persons from both sides, after the final signing of this Agreement. - Vetting
No specific mention.
- Victims
No specific mention.
- Missing persons
No specific mention.
- Reparations
No specific mention.
- ReconciliationPage 1, Preamble,
The Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM), within the framework of their genuine commitment to find a lasting solution to the conflict in Darfur, and being convinced of the imperative need to conclude an inclusive peace agreement which puts an end to the tragedy in Darfur, and in culmination of the great efforts which the Qatari leadership has been exerting, under the kind auspices of His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, Emir of the State of Qatar, and as a further consolidation to the diligent efforts of the international Joint Mediation,
Page 1, Preamble,
...Being keen to achieve a just and durable peace to the entire national Sudanese territories, particularly to the Darfur region, and to maintain the Unity of Sudan.
Implementation
- UN signatoryWitnessed by:
For the State of Qatar: Ahmed bin Abdullah Al-Mahmoud, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Member of the Cabinet; - Other international signatoryWitnessed by:
For the State of Qatar: Ahmed bin Abdullah Al-Mahmoud, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Member of the Cabinet; - Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
- International mission/force/similar
No specific mention.
- Enforcement mechanism
No specific mention.
- Related cases
No specific mention.
- SourceUN Peacemaker
http://peacemaker.un.org/
http://peacemaker.un.org/sudan-framework-darfur-JEM2010
Framework Agreement to Resolve the Conflict in Darfur between the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM)
Preamble:
The Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM), within the framework of their genuine commitment to find a lasting solution to the conflict in Darfur, and being convinced of the imperative need to conclude an inclusive peace agreement which puts an end to the tragedy in Darfur, and in culmination of the great efforts which the Qatari leadership has been exerting, under the kind auspices of His Highness Sheik Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, Emir of the State of Qatar, and as a further consolidation to the diligent efforts of the international Joint Mediation,
In accordance with the United Nations’ Principles and Charter, and the treaties of the African Union, the League of Arab States and the Community of the Sahel and Sahara States relating to settlement of disputes by peaceful means,
Being keen to achieve a just and durable peace to the entire national Sudanese territories, particularly to the Darfur region, and to maintain the Unity of Sudan,
Being desirous to work towards a balanced development to the Sudanese nation which relies on the diversity and idiosyncrasy of the different Sudanese regions with a view to ensuring socio-economic progress for all, and full exercising of fundamental freedoms, based on equality among citizens,
Taking into consideration the Interim Consultation of the Republic of the Sudan, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in Naivasha in January 2005, and the Agreement of Good Will and Confidence Building for the settlement of the problem in Darfur, signed in Doha on 17 February 2009 between the Government of National Unity and the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan, and
Convinced of the genuine desire shown by the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM),
The Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM) have agreed the following:
Article (1)
Announcement of a ceasefire and the immediate initiation of negotiations in order to agree on the enforcement of the same.
Article (2)
Issuance of a general amnesty for the civil and military members of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM), and the release of the war prisoners and convicted persons from both sides, after the final signing of the Agreement.
Article (3)
Participation of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan in power at all levels of governance in accordance with an approach to be agreed upon by the two sides.
Article (4)
The Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM) shall immediately be transformed into a political party upon signing the comprehensive and final peace agreement.
Article (5)
Integration of the forces of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan in the Armed Forces and the consolidated Security and Police Forces according to what is agreed on by the two parties, this procedures shall be preceded by deploying and training these forces in such locations and according to such a mechanism as to be agreed upon by the two Parties.
Article (6)
The Government of Sudan (GOS) shall bear all necessary expenses of the Forces of the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM) during the deployment and training period thereof.
Article (7)
All military and civil personnel of the Equality and Justice Movement Sudan fired from service shall be reinstated in their equal ranks in such a manner as to be agreed upon by the two parties.
Article (8)
The Government of Sudan (GOS) shall commit itself to fairly compensate the refugees, and displaced persons and all those who have been affected by the conflict in Darfur and shall also commit itself to ensuring the right of voluntary return for the refugees and displaced persons to their original areas and establish service providing institutions and infrastructure with a view to securing a decent life for them.
Article (9)
The issue of administrative reorganization in Darfur shall be subject to negotiation between the two parties with a view to concluding a final agreement.
Article (10)
The issue of wealth-sharing shall be subject to negotiation between the two parties with a view to concluding a final agreement.
Also, the same applies to issues of land and (Hawakir) and any other issues conducive to peace and deemed to be necessary by the parties for the completion of issues of a global peace agreement.
Article (11)
The implementation of this agreement between the two parties shall be based on goodwill and be established on the basis of solidarity and political partnership in line with principles and national issues that unite the two parties.
Article (12)
The final Agreement and the additional protocols enforcing it shall be prepared, negotiated and signed in Doha before the fifteenth of March 2010.
Done in the Qatari Capital, Doha, on 23 February 2010
For the For the
Government of Sudan Justice and Equality Movement Sudan
(GOS) (JEM)
Dr. Amin Hassan Omer Ahmed Mohammed Togud Lissam
Minister of State, Minister of Culture, Secretary for Negotiations and Peace
Youth and Sports Affairs
Witnessed by,
For the State of Qatar For the AU-UN Mediation
Ahmed bin Abdulla Al-Mahamoud Djbrill Yipènè Bassolé
Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Joint Chief Mediator
and Member of the Cabinet