Déclaration d’adhésion à l’accord préliminaire à l’élection présidentielle et aux pourparlers inclusifs de paix au Mali

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Country/entity: Mali
Azawad
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Déclaration d’adhésion à l’accord préliminaire à l’élection présidentielle et aux pourparlers inclusifs de paix au Mali
Date: 18 Jun 2013
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Tuareg Wars (1962 - )
Mali-Azawad
The nomadic Tuareg in the north of Mali maintained a long-standing revolt against a government traditionally dominated by southern politicians shortly after Mali became independent from France in 1960. The uprisings focused in and around the Azawad region, north of Timbuktu. After several outbreaks of violence during the 1980s, violence peaked with the 1990 outbreak of the Tuareg Rebellion. Following an initial defeat by the Malian Armed Forces, reparations by the government of Alpha Konare included the creation of the self-governing Kidal region. Violence in 1994 died down following peace between moderates on both sides in 1995 and a negotiated peace agreement. Violence continued due to a lack of integration by combatants, but it was not until 2011 that the situation again escalated in the aftermath of the Arab Spring and the disintegration of Libya, which resulted in a heavy inflow of small arms, and the increased involvement by Algeria. In January 2012, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) together with several other groups took full control of the region. Disputes on how to handle the situation led to a military coup against President Touré in March 2012 that, in turn, resulted in further turmoil. The MNLA declared the independence of Azawad, but soon lost control of most of the territory to radical Islamist militias including Ansar Dine. A French intervention in January 2013 paved the way for a UN mission, which was established in April of that year. In June 2015 multiple declarations culminated in a final agreement between several Azawad-affiliated groups, including MNLA, and the government of Mali to end hostilities. However, inadequate implementation of the agreement results in continual armed confrontations between pro-government militias, Azawad-affiliated groups, dissidents of Azawad-affiliated groups, ethnically oriented groups, and increasingly since 2017, radical Islamist militias.

Niger-Aïr-Azawad
In 1990 the nomadic Tuareg in northern Niger explicitly sought greater political autonomy following decades of grievances on local political exclusion. With the first armed group Aïr and Azawad Liberation Front (FLAA) to be established in 1991, fighting between 1990 to 1995 took place largely in the Air Mountains. A short-lived truce was agreed in 1994 between the Niger Government and the Tuareg umbrella organisation Coordination of Armed Resistance (CRA), later called Organisation of Armed Resistance (ORA). Another accord was signed in April 1995 in Ouagadougou with various other Tuareg groups and some Toubou, the last signing in 1998. After ten years of relative peace, Movement of Nigeriens for Justice (MNJ) reinvigorated conflicts in 2007 following little follow up by the Nigeriene government on the signed peace agreements.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: Mali-Azawad Inter-Azawad peace process
Parties: (Signed)
For the Azawad Arab Movement
Ahmed Ould Sidi Mohamed

(Signed)
For the Coordination of Patriotic Resistance Movements and Forces
Me Harouna TOUREH
Third parties: -
Description: In this agreement, the Coordination of Patriotic Resistance Movements and Forces and the Azawad Arab Movement declare their adherence to the 'Preliminary Agreement for the Presidential Election and Inclusive Peace Negotiations in Mali' signed the same day

Agreement document: ML_130618_AdhesionAccordDialogueInclusif_EN.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): ML_130618_AddhesionAccordDialogueInclusif_FR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 1:
[…]
Considering that the Coordination of Patriotic Resistance Movements and Forces and the Azawad Arab Movement, acknowledge in particular, in the provisions stated in this Agreement, respect for territorial integrity, national unity and republican values;
[…]
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: Page 1:
Meeting at Ouagadougou, at the invitation of His Excellency Mr Blaise CAMPAORE, CEDEAO Mediator for the crisis in Mali;
Considering their joint declaration on June 13, 2013, in which they expressed amongst other things:
- Their wish to contribute to the creation of favourable conditions for the presidential election in July 2013 throughout the national territory of Mali ;
[…]
In accordance with article 24 of the Preliminary Agreement for the presidential election and inclusive peace negotiations in Mali, enabling other existing Malian armed groups who so desire to adhere to it;
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1:
Meeting at Ouagadougou, at the invitation of His Excellency Mr Blaise CAMPAORE, CEDEAO Mediator for the crisis in Mali;
Considering their joint declaration on June 13, 2013, in which they expressed amongst other things:
- Their wish to contribute to the creation of favourable conditions for the presidential election in July 2013 throughout the national territory of Mali ;
- Their commitment to re-establishing peace and security throughout the national territory of Mali;
[…]
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 1:
[…]
Agreeing with the need to deploy the defence and security forces throughout the national territory, including in Kidal;
[…]
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 1:
[…]
Expressing their complete support for the principles of disarmament and the cantonment of all armed groups;
[…]
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1:
[…]
Noting that the discussions between the Government of Mali on one hand, and HCUA and MNLA on the other, under the auspices of the CEDEAO Mediator, His Excellency Mr Blaise CAMPAORE and His Excellency Goodluck Ebele JONATHAN, Associate Mediator, and with the facilitation of the UA High Representative, the Special Representative of the UN General Secretary, the EU Special Representative, and the OCI Special Representative, enabled the signature of a Preliminary Agreement for the presidential election and inclusive peace negotiations in Mali.
Considering that the Coordination of Patriotic Resistance Movements and Forces and the Azawad Arab Movement, acknowledge in particular, in the provisions stated in this Agreement, respect for territorial integrity, national unity and republican values;
[…]

Page 1-2:
[…]
In accordance with article 24 of the Preliminary Agreement for the presidential election and inclusive peace negotiations in Mali, enabling other existing Malian armed groups who so desire to adhere to it;
The above groups note their active participation in the Joint Technical Security Committee and in the Monitoring and Evaluation Committee;
Declare their solemn and unconditional adherence to the Preliminary Agreement for the presidential election and inclusive peace negotiations in Mali of June 18, 2013 in Ouagadougou, and thereby become its stakeholders and commit to its implementation.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker:

http://peacemaker.un.org/

DECLARATION OF ADHESION TO THE PRELIMINARY AGREEMENT ON THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND THE INCLUSIVE MALI PEACE NEGOTIATIONS

The Coordination of Patriotic Resistance Movements and Forces

and

the Azawad Arab Movement

Meeting at Ouagadougou, at the invitation of His Excellency Mr Blaise CAMPAORE, CEDEAO Mediator for the crisis in Mali;

Considering their joint declaration on June 13, 2013, in which they expressed amongst other things:

Their wish to contribute to the creation of favourable conditions for the presidential election in July 2013 throughout the national territory of Mali ;

Their commitment to re-establishing peace and security throughout the national territory of Mali;

The demographic, economic and cultural representativeness of the communities of the northern regions of Mali ;

Noting that the discussions between the Government of Mali on one hand, and HCUA and MNLA on the other, under the auspices of the CEDEAO Mediator, His Excellency Mr Blaise CAMPAORE and His Excellency Goodluck Ebele JONATHAN, Associate Mediator, and with the facilitation of the UA High Representative, the Special Representative of the UN General Secretary, the EU Special Representative, and the OCI Special Representative, enabled the signature of a Preliminary Agreement for the presidential election and inclusive peace negotiations in Mali.

Considering that the Coordination of Patriotic Resistance Movements and Forces and the Azawad Arab Movement, acknowledge in particular, in the provisions stated in this Agreement, respect for territorial integrity, national unity and republican values;

Expressing their complete support for the principles of disarmament and the cantonment of all armed groups;

Agreeing with the need to deploy the defence and security forces throughout the national territory, including in Kidal;

Recognising the importance of the need stated in the Agreement to promote an inclusive dialogue on the crisis in Mali;

In accordance with article 24 of the Preliminary Agreement for the presidential election and inclusive peace negotiations in Mali, enabling other existing Malian armed groups who so desire to adhere to it;

The above groups note their active participation in the Joint Technical Security Committee and in the Monitoring and Evaluation Committee;

Declare their solemn and unconditional adherence to the Preliminary Agreement for the presidential election and inclusive peace negotiations in Mali of June 18, 2013 in Ouagadougou, and thereby become its stakeholders and commit to its implementation.

Done at Ouagadougou, June 18, 2013

Signatures