Declaration of Cessation of Hostilities and Commitment to the Peace Process between the Government of Sudan and the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM)

Export agreement:

Export agreement coding (PDF)

Country/entity: Sudan
Darfur
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Declaration of Cessation of Hostilities and Commitment to the Peace Process between the Government of Sudan and the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM)
Date: 22 Oct 2012
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Darfur-Sudan peace process
Parties: For the Government of Sudan: Dr. Amin Hassan Omer, Minister of State in the Presidency;

For the Justice and Equality Movement: Gen. Mohamed Bashar Ahmed, President Interim Military Council;

For the State of Qatar: H.E Ahmed bin Abduallah Al Mahmoud, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State for Cabinet Affairs;

For AU/UN Mediation: Mr. Aichatou S. Mindaoudou, Acting Joint Special Representative/Joint Chief Mediator ad interim
Third parties: -
Description: Declaration largely reinforces previous commitments under the Doha document for peace in Darfur, and calls for all parties to engage in peaceful discussions in order to resolve the conflict. Particular mention made of refugees and internally displaced persons.

Agreement document: SD_121022_Declaration GoS JEM.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 1,
Conscious of the need to create the conditions conducive to allowing the voluntary informed safe, dignified and sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons or their local integration.

Page 2,
Recognizing that security is at the forefront of concerns raised by a large spectrum of Darfurians including members of the civil society, internally displaced people (IDPs) and refugees.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 1,
Reaffirming the unity sovereignty independence and territorial integrity of the Sudan.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 2,
Recognizing that security is at the forefront of concerns raised by a large spectrum of Darfurians including members of the civil society, internally displaced people (IDPs) and refugees.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 2,
Desirous to bring to an end all acts of violence against civilians and violations of human rights and international humanitarian law.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: Page 1,
In accordance with the United Nations principles and charter and the covenants of the African union and other regional organizations relating to settlement of disputes by peaceful means.

Page 2,
Desirous to bring to an end all acts of violence against civilians and violations of human rights and international humanitarian law.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 1,
Conscious of the need to create the conditions conducive to allowing the voluntary informed safe, dignified and sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons or their local integration.

Page 2,
Conscious of the necessity to enable humanitarian agencies to access all areas affected by the conflict.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1,
Deeply concerned that the continuing fighting in Darfur will lead to further loss of live suffering and displacement of the population.

Page 2,
Recognizing that security is at the forefront of concerns raised by a large spectrum of Darfurians including members of the civil society, internally displaced people (IDPs) and refugees.

Page 2,
Desirous to bring to an end all acts of violence against civilians and violations of human rights and international humanitarian law.

Page 2,
Convinced that the Darfur conflict cannot be resolved militarily and that a durable satiation can only be obtained through an inclusive political process and negotiations.

Page 2,
THE PARTIES THERBY DECLARE TO
...
2- Resume negotiations in order to achieve a comprehensive settlement of the conflict on the basis of the DDPD.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 2,
Responding to the calls by members of the international community including the demand by the United Nations Security Council that all Partners to the conflict including in particular all the non-signatory armed groups engage immediately and without pre-condition to make every effort to reach a permanent ceasefire and comprehensive peace settlement on the basis of the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur (DDPD) in order to bring stable and durable peace in the region.

Page 2,
Acknowledging the mandate of the African Union United Nations Hybrid Operation inn Darfur (UNAMID) to monitor, observe the compliance with and verification of the implementation of all ceasefire agreements signed or to be signed in Darfur pursuant to the United Nations Security Council Resolution No. 3003 (2012) and previous resolutions and the Agreement between the United Nations, the African Union and the Government of Sudan concerning the Status of the UNAMID Forces (Status of Forces Agreement) dated 9 February 2008.

Page 2,
THE PARTIES THERBY DECLARE TO
1- Immediately cease hostilities; and
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1,
The government of Sudan (GoS) and the justice and equality movement Sudan (JEM) (each, a "party" and collectively, the "parties") meeting in Doha Qatar under the auspices of the state of Qatar and the African Union-United Nations joint chief mediator an interim for Darfur as part of the continuing efforts to reach a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Darfur on the basis of the Doha document for peace in Darfur (DDPD).

Page 2,
Responding to the calls by members of the international community including the demand by the United Nations Security Council that all Partners to the conflict including in particular all the non-signatory armed groups engage immediately and without pre-condition to make every effort to reach a permanent ceasefire and comprehensive peace settlement on the basis of the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur (DDPD) in order to bring stable and durable peace in the region.

Page 2,
The PARTIES CALLED on all other non-signatory groups to jettison violence and join them in Doha in order to resume dialogue and negotiations.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 2,
Recognizing the imperative need to achieve durable peace through a comprehensive settlement of conflict.

Page 2,
Responding to the calls by members of the international community including the demand by the United Nations Security Council that all Partners to the conflict including in particular all the non-signatory armed groups engage immediately and without pre-condition to make every effort to reach a permanent ceasefire and comprehensive peace settlement on the basis of the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur (DDPD) in order to bring stable and durable peace in the region.

Page 2,
Convinced that the Darfur conflict cannot be resolved militarily and that a durable satiation can only be obtained through an inclusive political process and negotiations.

Page 2,
Resolved to create and maintain a climate of peace necessary to facilitate dialogue and
negotiations.

Page 2,
THE PARTIES THERBY DECLARE TO
...
2- Resume negotiations in order to achieve a comprehensive settlement of the conflict on the basis of the DDPD.

Page 2,
The PARTIES CALLED on all other non-signatory groups to jettison violence and join them in Doha in order to resume dialogue and negotiations.

Implementation

UN signatory: Signed by Acting Joint Special Representative/Joint Chief Mediator ad interim for AU/UN Mediation.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1,
The government of Sudan (GoS) and the justice and equality movement Sudan (JEM) (each, a "party" and collectively, the "parties") meeting in Doha Qatar under the auspices of the state of Qatar and the African Union-United Nations joint chief mediator an interim for Darfur as part of the continuing efforts to reach a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Darfur on the basis of the Doha document for peace in Darfur (DDPD).

Page 1,
Appreciating the continuing role of the state of Qatar as the venue of the talks under the auspice of HH Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al Thani Emir of State of Qatar.

Page 2,
Acknowledging the mandate of the African Union United Nations Hybrid Operation inn Darfur (UNAMID) to monitor, observe the compliance with and verification of the implementation of
all ceasefire agreements signed or to be signed in Darfur pursuant to the United Nations Security Council Resolution No. 3003 (2012) and previous resolutions and the Agreement between the United Nations, the African Union and the Government of Sudan concerning the Status of the UNAMID Forces (Status of Forces Agreement) dated 9 February 2008.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker
http://peacemaker.un.org/
http://peacemaker.un.org/sudan-declaration-GOS-JEM2012

Declaration of cessation of hostilities and commitment to the peace process between the Government of Sudan and the Justice and Equality Movement Sudan (JEM)

Doha, 22 October 2012

The government of Sudan (GoS) and the justice and equality movement Sudan (JEM) (each, an "party" and collectively, the "parties") meeting in Doha Qatar under the auspices of the state of Qatar and the African Union-United Nations joint chief mediator an interim for Darfur as part of the continuing efforts to reach a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in Darfur on the basis of the Doha document for peace in Darfur (DDPD).

Appreciating the continuing role of the state of Qatar as the venue of the talks under the auspice of HH Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al Thani Emir of State of Qatar.

Taking due cognizance of the letter and spirit of the Agreement of Goodwill and confidence building for the settlement of problem in Darfur of February 2009.

The framework agreement to resolve the conflict in Darfur between GoS and JEM of February 2010 and the outcome of the all Darfur stakeholder conference held in Doha from 27 to 31 may 2011.

In accordance with the United Nations principles and charter and the covenants of the African Union and other regional organizations relating to settlement of disputes by peaceful means.

Welcoming the framework for African Union and United Nations facilitation of the Darfur peace process.

Reaffirming the unity sovereignty independence and territorial integrity of the Sudan.

Deeply concerned that the continuing fighting in Darfur will lead to further loss of live suffering and displacement of the population.

Conscious of the need to create the conditions conducive to allowing the voluntary informed safe, dignified and sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons or their local integration.

Conscious of the necessity to enable humanitarian agencies to access all areas affected by the conflict.

Recognizing the imperative need to achieve durable peace through a comprehensive settlement of conflict.

Responding to the calls by members of the international community including the demand by the United Nations Security Council that all Partners to the conflict including in particular all the non-signatory armed groups engage immediately and without pre-condition to make every effort to reach a permanent ceasefire and comprehensive peace settlement on the basis of the Doha

Document for Peace in Darfur (DDPD) in order to bring stable and durable peace in the region.

Recognizing that security is at the forefront of concerns raised by a large spectrum of Darfurians including members of the civil society, internally displaced people (IDPs) and refugees.

Acknowledging the mandate of the African Union United Nations Hybrid Operation inn Darfur (UNAMID) to monitor, observe the compliance with and verification of the implementation of all ceasefire agreements signed or to be signed in Darfur pursuant to the United Nations Security

Council Resolution No.

3003 (2012) and previous resolutions and the Agreement between the United Nations, the African Union and the Government of Sudan concerning the Status of the UNAMID Forces (Status of Forces Agreement) dated 9 February 2008.

Desirous to bring to an end all acts of violence against civilians and violations of human rights and international humanitarian law.

Convinced that the Darfur conflict cannot be resolved militarily and that a durable satiation can only be obtained through an inclusive political process and negotiations.

Resolved to create and maintain a climate of peace necessary to facilitate dialogue and negotiations.

THE PARTIES THERBY DECLARE TO 1- Immediately cease hostilities;

and

2- Resume negotiations in order to achieve a comprehensive settlement of the conflict on the basis of the DDPD.

The PARTIES CALLED on all other non-signatory groups to jettison violence and join them in Doha in order to resume dialogue and negotiations.

Done in Doha on the 22nd day of October 2012 in Arabic and English languages, both texts equally authentic.

For the Government of Sudan:

Dr. Amin Hassan Omer

Minister of State in the Presidency

For the Justice and Equality Movement:

Gen. Mohamed Bashar Ahmed

President Interim Military Council

For the State of Qatar:

H.E Ahmed bin Abduallah Al Mahmoud

Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State for Cabinet Affairs

For AU/UN Mediation:

Mr. Aichatou S. Mindaoudou

Acting Joint Special Representative/

Joint Chief Mediator ad interim