Agreement with the Sudanese Parties on the Modalities for the Establishment of the Ceasefire Commission and the Deployment of Observers in the Darfur, Addis Ababa Agreement

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Country/entity: Sudan
Darfur
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Agreement with the Sudanese Parties on the Modalities for the Establishment of the Ceasefire Commission and the Deployment of Observers in the Darfur, Addis Ababa Agreement
Date: 28 May 2004
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Darfur-Sudan peace process
Parties: [Uploaded version unsigned] For the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army: Mini Arkou Minawi, Secretary General; For the Government of Sudan: H.E. Osman Elsaïd, Ambassador of the Republic of The Sudan in Ethopia; For the Justice and Equality Movement: Ahmed Mohamed Tugod Lissan
Third parties: [Uploaded version unsigned, though from the text it seems that these are the Guarantors of the Agreement] For the Chadian Mediation: H.E. Maïtine Djoumbé,Ambassador of the Republic of Chad to Ethiopia; For the African Union: H.E. Saïd Djinnit,Commissioner for Peace and Security
Description: An agreement by the parties to establish a Joint Commission and a Ceasefire Commission (CFC) in order to plan, verify, and ensure implementation of the cessation of hostilities. The Agreement includes terms of reference, mandate, and composition of the CFC, which is to include an African Union-appointed Chairman, a European Union-appointed Deputy Chairman, a member of the Chadian Mediation, and representatives from the Parties. Additionally, the Agreement provides for implementation of the CFC in four phases.

Agreement document: SD_040528_Agmt with Sudanese Parties on Modalities for Ceasefire Commission.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 2, III. MANDATE
iv. The CFC support staff shall be part of the Headquarters and shall be organized as follows:
...
- Information Team: Coordinates the dissemination of information to support and promote the Cease-fire Agreement among the people in Darfur, including information regarding activities of the CFC, freedom of movement, civic action, and others.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
e. The CFC shall seek to advance the process through confidence building visits in the region. The CFC will maintain regular liaison with the parties as well as UN Agencies, the ICRC and NGOs. The CFC will also visit IDP sites and other areas.

Page 4, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS
A. LIAISON OFFICE - KHARTOUM
3. A Liaison office will be required in Khartoum to undertake a number of administrative and logistic functions. In addition, it will provide an interface with the political level and a point of contact for the UN, IOs and NGOs and local contractors. It will provide a node for contracted logistic support and a transit facility for incoming/outgoing mission personnel.

Page 12, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS, E. OTHERS
13. Liaison: The Humanitarian Affairs Office (HAO) is to provide the focal point for links to all the NGOs. The aim is to develop a two-way information flow in order to ensure that monitoring teams are deployed to best effect and to allow them to gather information that will benefit the work of NGOs as well as the Mission itself.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
Page 2, III. MANDATE
iv. The CFC support staff shall be part of the Headquarters and shall be organized as follows:
- Operations Team: Coordinates all activities of the CFC in Darfur. Maintains communications links with the Parties and the International community.
- Transportation/Logistics Team: Coordinates transportation, communications, supply and logistics requirements for the CFC.
- Information Team: Coordinates the dissemination of information to support and promote the Cease-fire Agreement among the people in Darfur, including information regarding activities of the CFC, freedom of movement, civic action, and others.
- Medical Support Team: Provides necessary health and medical care and advice to the CFC.
- Government of Sudan Team: Conducts liaison with the GoS.
- SLM Team: Conducts liaison with the SLM/A.
- JEM Team: Conducts liaison with the JEM.
Mobility/access: Page 12, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS, E. OTHERS
14. Freedom of Movement: It is absolutely essential that the GoS and the Armed Groups
guarantee freedom of movement, by air and land, (to include movement of aircraft) without conditions and unhindered by travel permits for the members of the Mission.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of groups
Page 2, II. COMPOSITION
6. The Military Observers (MILOBS) may be lightly armed. The AU Monitoring Mission shall be deployed on the basis of the commitment of the Government of The Sudan, the JEM and the SLM/A to ensure the protection and the safety of the Observers. However, in the event that the Parties are unable to provide effective protection, the Chairmen of the Joint Commission (JC) and the Ceasefire Commission (CFC) shall request for the deployment of the protection element as envisaged in the decision of the AU Peace and Security Council of 25th May 2004. The Protection element shall be drawn from AU Member States and shall number between 100 and 300.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, I. TERMS OF REFERENCE
The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement on the conflict in the Darfur, signed in N'Djamena on 8 April 2004, provides, in its articles 3 and 4, for a Ceasefire Monitoring Committee, which shall report to a Joint Commission consisting of the Parties, the Chadian mediation and the international community. To implement the above provisions, the African Union is proposing that the Parties agrees on the followings:

Page 1, I. TERMS OF REFERENCE
2. Ceasefire Commission - The CFC shall report to a Joint Commission consisting of the Parties, the Chadian Mediation and
the international community in accordance with the sovereignty of Sudan.

Page 1, II. COMPOSITION
1. The Ceasefire Commission (CFC) shall be composed as follows:
a. Chairman, to be appointed by the AU, from an African Union Member State;
b. Deputy Chairman (European Union);
c. Chadian Mediation;
d. Government of Sudan
e. JEM
f. SLM/A

Page 1, II. COMPOSITION
2. The size of the CFC may be adjusted with the agreement of the Parties as necessary to carry out the objectives of the Agreement.

Page 1, II. COMPOSITION
4. The operational arm of the Ceasefire Commission shall be the African Union Monitoring Mission, composed of Observers from the Parties, the Chadian mediation, African Union Member States and other representatives of the International Community.

Page 2, II. COMPOSITION
5. To ensure command and control, all Observers shall be answerable to the Chief Military Observer (CMO) to be designated by the AU, who, in turn, shall be answerable to the CFC. Additionally, and in order to ensure unity and discipline of command, all Observers participating in the monitoring, investigation and verification exercise, as well as members of the CFC, shall be funded through the budget of the CFC. No parallel reporting to other authority shall be allowed in the execution of responsibilities.

Page 2, III. MANDATE
i. The mandate of the CFC shall consist of:
- Planning, verifying and ensuring the implementation of the rules and provisions of the ceasefire;
- Defining the routes for the movement of forces in order to reduce the risks of incidents; the administrative movements shall be notified to the CFC;
- Requesting appropriate assistance with demining operations;
- Receiving, verifying, analyzing and judging complaints related to possible violations of the ceasefire;
- Developing adequate measures to guard against such incidents in the future;
- Determining clearly the sites occupied by the combatants of the armed opposition and verifying the neutralization of the armed militias.

Page 2, III. MANDATE
ii. The CFC Headquarters shall be responsible for coordinating investigations, verifications, monitoring and reporting compliance in accordance with the Darfur Cease-fire Agreement and Implementation Modalities. The priority for the CFC is to investigate and report on violations of this Agreement

Page 2, III. MANDATE
iii. The CFC Headquarters shall be located in El-Fisher (Darfur). Sectors sites shall be established at other locations, including, but not limited, to Nyala, El Geneina, Kabkabiyah, Tine, and Abeche. A liaison Office will be established in Khartoum. Each Sector will be composed of two (2) Teams for verification and investigation comprising the Parties, the African Union, the Chadian Mediation and other members of the international community (see the deployment Plan).

Page 2, III. MANDATE
iv. The CFC support staff shall be part of the Headquarters and shall be organized as follows:
- Operations Team: Coordinates all activities of the CFC in Darfur. Maintains communications links with the Parties and the International community.
- Transportation/Logistics Team: Coordinates transportation, communications, supply and logistics requirements for the CFC.
- Information Team: Coordinates the dissemination of information to support and promote the Cease-fire Agreement among the people in Darfur, including information regarding activities of the CFC, freedom of movement, civic action, and others.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
a. Under the orders of the Chairman, members of the CFC can be deployed anywhere in Darfur to monitor and report on compliance with the provisions of the Cease-fire Agreement and when necessary investigate any alleged violations of the Agreement. When deployed, the CFC shall organize itself as a team. The team leader will be designated by the Chairman/Deputy Chairman.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
b. The CFC will investigate all credible reports of violations of the Ceasefire Agreement. The CFC may conduct its inspections and investigations by road or by air.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
c. Each of the Parties and the international community shall provide two liaison officers per sector, to be available to participate in investigations at any time. The non-provision of liaison personnel by the Parties to investigate shall be considered as a violation of the Agreement.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
d. Following an investigation, the CFC shall endeavor to reach its decisions by consensus. In the event that any of the parties disagrees with the final decision of the CFC, that Party will seek redress from the Joint Commission (JC).

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
e. The CFC shall seek to advance the process through confidence building visits in the region. The CFC will maintain regular liaison with the parties as well as UN Agencies, the ICRC and NGOs. The CFC will also visit IDP sites and other areas.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
f. The parties shall provide the Chairman of the CFC, or his designated Representative, immediately upon request, information required for the implementation of the Darfur Ceasefire Agreement on the understanding that the information shall be held confidential by the Chairman.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
g. The Parties shall give the CFC and its personnel unrestricted freedom of movement and access throughout Darfur. The Sector Commander shall inform all members of the Observer team of all their future movements. It will be the responsibility of Liaison Officers to inform their respective Commanders of such movements.

Page 3, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
I. MISSION, 1. To establish a Ceasefire Commission (CFC) and implement the mandate as per the Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement signed on 8 April 2004 in N'Djamena, Chad.

Page 4, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
II. EXECUTION, General Outline
The mission will be conducted in four phases as follows:
Phase 1. Establish a Liaison Office in Khartoum and an Advance team office in El-Fashir;
Phase 2. Establish CFC HQ, Logistic Base and Sector HQ at El Fashir with rapid expansion to other sectors at:
Sector 1 - El Fashir
Sector 2 - Nyala
Sector 3 - Al Geneina
Sector 4 - Kabkabiyah
Sector 5 - Tine (see Phase 3)
Sector 6 - Abeche (Chad)
Phase 3. Conduct Monitoring operations as mandated in the Ceasefire Agreement ; Expand operation to establish Sector HQ at Tine;
Phase 4. Redeployment. (To be decided)

Page 4, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS, A. LIAISON OFFICE - KHARTOUM
3. A Liaison office will be required in Khartoum to undertake a number of administrative and logistic functions. In addition, it will provide an interface with the political level and a point of contact for the UN, IOs and NGOs and local contractors. It will provide a node for contracted logistic support and a transit facility for incoming/outgoing mission personnel. [...]

Page 4, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS, B. CFC HQ
5. The CFC HQ shall be composed as follows:
Chairman (appointed by the AU) 01
Deputy Chairman (EU) 01
African Union 02
Chadian Mediation 02
GoS 02 JEM 02
SLM/A 02
Members from UN or US may be incorporated as observers on request by anyone of the Parties or International Community.

Page 5, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS, B. CFC HQ
6. The Military Component is comprised as follows:
Operations Chief Military Observer (CMO) 01
Ops Staff 03
Mission Information Officer 02
Comms/IT Officer 01
Comms/IT Technicians 04
VSAT Technician 02
Engineer Officer 01
Ops Clerk 02

Page 12, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS, D. MISSION PROTECTION
11. The Mission Protection requirement is as shown in the table below:
Location Unit Strength Total
CFC HQ 1 Coy 120 120
Sector HQ 1 x Platoon x 5 30 150
Total 270
Page 12, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS, E. OTHERS
13. Liaison: The Humanitarian Affairs Office (HAO) is to provide the focal point for links to all the NGOs. The aim is to develop a two-way information flow in order to ensure that monitoring teams are deployed to best effect and to allow them to gather information that will benefit the work of NGOs as well as the Mission itself.

Page 12, CALENDAR FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODALITIES
Establish Minimum Operating Capability Date to be achieved. Advance Party arrives in Khartoum and establishes rear HQ/Transit Facility D-10 Deploy HQ CFC and Sector 6 HQ at Abeche D to D+7 Deploy Sector HQs to Nyala, Al Geneina, Kebkebyah D to D+21 Deploy Sector HQ at Tine D to D + 42.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 2, III. MANDATE
i. The mandate of the CFC shall consist of:
... - Requesting appropriate assistance with demining operations;
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 2, III. MANDATE
i. The mandate of the CFC shall consist of:
... - Determining clearly the sites occupied by the combatants of the armed opposition and verifying the neutralization of the armed militias.

~

Page 2, III. MANDATE
i. The mandate of the CFC shall consist of:
... - Determining clearly the sites occupied by the combatants of the armed opposition and verifying the neutralization of the armed militias.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: [Uploaded version unsigned, though from the text it seems that these are the Guarantors of the Agreement] For the Chadian Mediation: H.E. Maïtine Djoumbé,Ambassador of the Republic of Chad to Ethiopia; For the African Union: H.E. Saïd Djinnit,Commissioner for Peace and Security
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, I. TERMS OF REFERENCE
The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement on the conflict in the Darfur, signed in N'Djamena on 8 April 2004, provides, in its articles 3 and 4, for a Ceasefire Monitoring Committee, which shall report to a Joint Commission consisting of the Parties, the Chadian mediation and the international community. To implement the above provisions, the African Union is proposing that the Parties agrees on the followings:

Page 1, I. TERMS OF REFERENCE, 1. Joint Commission
A. The Joint Commission shall operate on the basis of consensus and consist of two senior members each, from the Parties, the Chadian mediation, the African Union (AU), the US and the EU. The Chairman of the Joint Commission shall be selected by the AU from an African Union Member State. Other International Representatives from the UN and major contributors shall be invited to attend the meetings of the Joint commission as observers.

Page 1, I. TERMS OF REFERENCE, 1. Joint Commission
B. The Joint Commission shall comprise political leaders who should be mandated to take decisions and to deal with matters brought before it by CFC. The Joint Commission (JC) shall be located initially in N'Djamena, moving to Khartoum at a time to be agreed upon by the parties.

Page 1, I. TERMS OF REFERENCE
2. Ceasefire Commission - The CFC shall report to a Joint Commission consisting of the Parties, the Chadian Mediation and the international community in accordance with the sovereignty of Sudan.

Page 1, II. COMPOSITION
1. The Ceasefire Commission (CFC) shall be composed as follows:
a. Chairman, to be appointed by the AU, from an African Union Member State;
b. Deputy Chairman (European Union);
c. Chadian Mediation;
d. Government of Sudan
e. JEM
f. SLM/A

Page 1, II. COMPOSITION
2. The size of the CFC may be adjusted with the agreement of the Parties as necessary to carry out the objectives of the Agreement.

Page 1, II. COMPOSITION
3. Other International Representatives from the UN, the EU and USA shall be invited to participate as observers.

Page 1, II. COMPOSITION
4. The operational arm of the Ceasefire Commission shall be the African Union Monitoring Mission, composed of Observers from the Parties, the Chadian mediation, African Union Member States and other representatives of the International Community.

Page 2, II. COMPOSITION
5. To ensure command and control, all Observers shall be answerable to the Chief Military Observer (CMO) to be designated by the AU, who, in turn, shall be answerable to the CFC. Additionally, and in order to ensure unity and discipline of command, all Observers participating in the monitoring, investigation and verification exercise, as well as members of the CFC, shall be funded through the budget of the CFC. No parallel reporting to other authority shall be allowed in
the execution of responsibilities.

Page 2, II. COMPOSITION
6. The Military Observers (MILOBS) may be lightly armed. The AU Monitoring Mission shall be deployed on the basis of the commitment of the Government of The Sudan, the JEM and the SLM/A to ensure the protection and the safety of the Observers. However, in the event that the Parties are unable to provide effective protection, the Chairmen of the Joint Commission (JC) and the Ceasefire Commission (CFC) shall request for the deployment of the protection element as envisaged in the decision of the AU Peace and Security Council of 25th May 2004. The Protection element shall be drawn from AU Member States and shall number between 100 and 300.

Page 2, III. MANDATE
i. The mandate of the CFC shall consist of:
- Planning, verifying and ensuring the implementation of the rules and provisions of the ceasefire;
- Defining the routes for the movement of forces in order to reduce the risks of incidents; the administrative movements shall be notified to the CFC;
- Requesting appropriate assistance with demining operations;
- Receiving, verifying, analyzing and judging complaints related to possible violations of the ceasefire;
- Developing adequate measures to guard against such incidents in the future;
- Determining clearly the sites occupied by the combatants of the armed opposition and verifying the neutralization of the armed militias.

Page 2, III. MANDATE
ii. The CFC Headquarters shall be responsible for coordinating investigations, verifications, monitoring and reporting compliance in accordance with the Darfur Cease-fire Agreement and Implementation Modalities. The priority for the CFC is to investigate and report on violations of this Agreement.

Page 2, III. MANDATE
iii. The CFC Headquarters shall be located in El-Fisher (Darfur). Sectors sites shall be established at other locations, including, but not limited, to Nyala, El Geneina, Kabkabiyah, Tine, and Abeche. A liaison Office will be established in Khartoum. Each Sector will be composed of two (2) Teams for verification and investigation comprising the Parties, the African Union, the Chadian Mediation and other members of the international community (see the deployment Plan).

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
a. Under the orders of the Chairman, members of the CFC can be deployed anywhere in Darfur to monitor and report on compliance with the provisions of the Cease-fire Agreement and when necessary investigate any alleged violations of the Agreement. When deployed, the CFC shall organize itself as a team. The team leader will be designated by the Chairman/Deputy Chairman.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
b. The CFC will investigate all credible reports of violations of the Ceasefire Agreement. The CFC may conduct its inspections and investigations by road or by air.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
c. Each of the Parties and the international community shall provide two liaison officers per sector, to be available to participate in investigations at any time. The non-provision of liaison personnel by the Parties to investigate shall be considered as a violation of the Agreement.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
e. The CFC shall seek to advance the process through confidence building visits in the region. The CFC will maintain regular liaison with the parties as well as UN Agencies, the ICRC and NGOs. The CFC will also visit IDP sites and other areas.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
g. The Parties shall give the CFC and its personnel unrestricted freedom of movement and access throughout Darfur. The Sector Commander shall inform all members of the Observer team of all their future movements. It will be the responsibility of Liaison Officers to inform their respective Commanders of such movements.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
h. A Status of Mission Agreement (SOMA) will be signed with the Government of The Sudan. Addis Ababa, 28 May 2004
For the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army: Mini Arkou Minawi, Secretary General; For the Government of Sudan: H.E. Osman Elsaïd, Ambassador of the Republic of The Sudan in Ethopia; For the Justice and Equality Movement: Ahmed Mohamed Tugod Lissan; For the Chadian Mediation: H.E. Maïtine Djoumbé,Ambassador of the Republic of Chad to Ethiopia;
For the African Union: H.E. Saïd Djinnit,Commissioner for Peace and Security

Page 3, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
I. MISSION, 1. To establish a Ceasefire Commission (CFC) and implement the mandate as per the Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement signed on 8 April 2004 in N'Djamena, Chad.

Page 4, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
II. EXECUTION, General Outline
The mission will be conducted in four phases as follows:
Phase 1. Establish a Liaison Office in Khartoum and an Advance team office in El-Fashir;
Phase 2. Establish CFC HQ, Logistic Base and Sector HQ at El Fashir with rapid expansion to other sectors at:
Sector 1 - El Fashir
Sector 2 - Nyala
Sector 3 - Al Geneina
Sector 4 - Kabkabiyah
Sector 5 - Tine (see Phase 3)
Sector 6 - Abeche (Chad)
Phase 3. Conduct Monitoring operations as mandated in the Ceasefire Agreement ; Expand operation to establish Sector HQ at Tine;
Phase 4. Redeployment. (To be decided)

Page 4, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS, B. CFC HQ
5. The CFC HQ shall be composed as follows:
Chairman (appointed by the AU) 01
Deputy Chairman (EU) 01
African Union 02
Chadian Mediation 02
GoS 02 JEM 02
SLM/A 02
Members from UN or US may be incorporated as observers on request by anyone of the Parties or International Community.

Page 5, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS, B. CFC HQ
6. The Military Component is comprised as follows:
Operations Chief Military Observer (CMO) 01
Ops Staff 03
Mission Information Officer 02
Comms/IT Officer 01
Comms/IT Technicians 04
VSAT Technician 02
Engineer Officer 01
Ops Clerk 02

Page 12, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS, D. MISSION PROTECTION
11. The Mission Protection requirement is as shown in the table below:
Location Unit Strength Total
CFC HQ 1 Coy 120 120
Sector HQ 1 x Platoon x 5 30 150
Total 270

Page 12, PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR
III. COMPOSITION AND TASKS, E. OTHERS
13. Liaison: The Humanitarian Affairs Office (HAO) is to provide the focal point for links to all the NGOs. The aim is to develop a two-way information flow in order to ensure that monitoring teams are deployed to best effect and to allow them to gather information that will benefit the work of NGOs as well as the Mission itself.

Page 12, CALENDAR FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODALITIES
Establish Minimum Operating Capability Date to be achieved. Advance Party arrives in Khartoum and establishes rear HQ/Transit Facility D-10 Deploy HQ CFC and Sector 6 HQ at Abeche D to D+7 Deploy Sector HQs to Nyala, Al Geneina, Kebkebyah D to D+21 Deploy Sector HQ at Tine D to D + 42.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1, I. TERMS OF REFERENCE
The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement on the conflict in the Darfur, signed in N'Djamena on 8 April 2004, provides, in its articles 3 and 4, for a Ceasefire Monitoring Committee, which shall report to a Joint Commission consisting of the Parties, the Chadian mediation and the international community. To implement the above provisions, the African Union is proposing that the Parties agrees on the followings:

Page 1, I. TERMS OF REFERENCE, 1. Joint Commission
A. The Joint Commission shall operate on the basis of consensus and consist of two senior members each, from the Parties, the Chadian mediation, the African Union (AU), the US and the EU. The Chairman of the Joint Commission shall be selected by the AU from an African Union Member State. Other International Representatives from the UN and major contributors shall be invited to attend the meetings of the Joint commission as observers.

Page 1, I. TERMS OF REFERENCE, 2. Ceasefire Commission
The CFC shall report to a Joint Commission consisting of the Parties, the Chadian Mediation and the international community in accordance with the sovereignty of Sudan.

Page 1, II. COMPOSITION
1. The Ceasefire Commission (CFC) shall be composed as follows:
a. Chairman, to be appointed by the AU, from an African Union Member State;
b. Deputy Chairman (European Union);
c. Chadian Mediation;
d. Government of Sudan
e. JEM
f. SLM/A

Page 1, II. COMPOSITION
3. Other International Representatives from the UN, the EU and USA shall be invited to participate as observers.

Page 1, II. COMPOSITION
4. The operational arm of the Ceasefire Commission shall be the African Union Monitoring Mission, composed of Observers from the Parties, the Chadian mediation, African Union Member States and other representatives of the International Community.

Page 2, III. MANDATE
i. The mandate of the CFC shall consist of:
- Planning, verifying and ensuring the implementation of the rules and provisions of the ceasefire; [...]

Page 2, III. MANDATE
ii. The CFC Headquarters shall be responsible for coordinating investigations, verifications, monitoring and reporting compliance in accordance with the Darfur Cease-fire Agreement and Implementation Modalities. The priority for the CFC is to investigate and report on violations of this Agreement.

Page 2, III. MANDATE
iii. The CFC Headquarters shall be located in El-Fisher (Darfur). Sectors sites shall be established at other locations, including, but not limited, to Nyala, El Geneina, Kabkabiyah, Tine, and Abeche. A liaison Office will be established in Khartoum. Each Sector will be composed of two (2) Teams for verification and investigation comprising the Parties, the African Union, the Chadian Mediation and other members of the international community (see the deployment Plan).

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
a. Under the orders of the Chairman, members of the CFC can be deployed anywhere in Darfur to monitor and report on compliance with the provisions of the Cease-fire Agreement and when necessary investigate any alleged violations of the Agreement. When deployed, the CFC shall organize itself as a team. The team leader will be designated by the Chairman/Deputy Chairman.

Page 3, IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
b. The CFC will investigate all credible reports of violations of the Ceasefire Agreement. The CFC may conduct its inspections and investigations by road or by air.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker
http://peacemaker.un.org/
http://peacemaker.un.org/sudan-darfur-ceasefire-commission2004

Agreement With the Sudanese Parties on the Modalities for the Establishment of the Ceasefire Commission and the Deployment of Observers in the Darfur

African Union May 28, 2004

Addis Ababa

I. TERMS OF REFERENCE

The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement on the conflict in the Darfur, signed in N'Djamena on 8 April 2004, provides, in its articles 3 and 4, for a Ceasefire Monitoring Committee, which shall report to a Joint Commission consisting of the Parties, the Chadian mediation and the international community.

To implement the above provisions, the African Union is proposing that the Parties agrees on the followings:

1. Joint Commission

A. The Joint Commission shall operate on the basis of consensus and consist of two senior members each, from the Parties, the Chadian mediation, the African Union (AU), the US and the EU.

The Chairman of the Joint Commission shall be selected by the AU from an African Union Member State.

Other International Representatives from the UN and major contributors shall be invited to attend the meetings of the Joint commission as observers.

B. The Joint Commission shall comprise political leaders who should be mandated to take decisions and to deal with matters brought before it by CFC.

The Joint Commission (JC) shall be located initially in N'Djamena, moving to Khartoum at a time to be agreed upon by the parties.

2. Ceasefire Commission

The CFC shall report to a Joint Commission consisting of the Parties, the Chadian Mediation and the international community in accordance with the sovereignty of Sudan.

II. COMPOSITION

1. The Ceasefire Commission (CFC) shall be composed as follows:

a. Chairman, to be appointed by the AU, from an African Union Member State;

b. Deputy Chairman (European Union);

c. Chadian Mediation;

d. Government of Sudan

e. JEM

f. SLM/A

2. The size of the CFC may be adjusted with the agreement of the Parties as necessary to carry out the objectives of the Agreement.

3. Other International Representatives from the UN, the EU and USA shall be invited to participate as observers.

4. The operational arm of the Ceasefire Commission shall be the African Union Monitoring Mission, composed of Observers from the Parties, the Chadian mediation, African Union Member States and other representatives of the International Community.

5. To ensure command and control, all Observers shall be answerable to the Chief Military Observer (CMO) to be designated by the AU, who, in turn, shall be answerable to the CFC.

Additionally, and in order to ensure unity and discipline of command, all Observers participating in the monitoring, investigation and verification exercise, as well as members of the CFC, shall be funded through the budget of the CFC.

No parallel reporting to other authority shall be allowed in the execution of responsibilities.

6. The Military Observers (MILOBS) may be lightly armed.

The AU Monitoring Mission shall be deployed on the basis of the commitment of the Government of The Sudan, the JEM and the SLM/A to ensure the protection and the safety of the Observers.

However, in the event that the Parties are unable to provide effective protection, the Chairmen of the Joint Commission (JC) and the Ceasefire Commission (CFC) shall request for the deployment of the protection element as envisaged in the decision of the AU Peace and Security Council of 25th May 2004.

The Protection element shall be drawn from AU Member States and shall number between 100 and 300.

III. MANDATE

i. The mandate of the CFC shall consist of:

- Planning, verifying and ensuring the implementation of the rules and provisions of the ceasefire;

- Defining the routes for the movement of forces in order to reduce the risks of incidents;

the administrative movements shall be notified to the CFC;

- Requesting appropriate assistance with demining operations;

- Receiving, verifying, analyzing and judging complaints related to possible violations of the ceasefire;

- Developing adequate measures to guard against such incidents in the future;

- Determining clearly the sites occupied by the combatants of the armed opposition and verifying the neutralization of the armed militias.

ii. The CFC Headquarters shall be responsible for coordinating investigations, verifications, monitoring and reporting compliance in accordance with the Darfur Cease-fire Agreement and Implementation Modalities.

The priority for the CFC is to investigate and report on violations of this Agreement

iii. The CFC Headquarters shall be located in El-Fisher (Darfur).

Sectors sites shall be established at other locations, including, but not limited, to Nyala, El Geneina, Kabkabiyah, Tine, and Abeche.

A liaison Office will be established in Khartoum.

Each Sector will be composed of two (2) Teams for verification and investigation comprising the Parties, the African Union, the Chadian Mediation and other members of the international community (see the deployment Plan).

iv.

The CFC support staff shall be part of the Headquarters and shall be organized as follows:

- Operations Team:

Coordinates all activities of the CFC in Darfur.

Maintains communications links with the Parties and the International community.

- Transportation/Logistics Team:

Coordinates transportation, communications, supply and logistics requirements for the CFC.

- Information Team:

Coordinates the dissemination of information to support and promote the Cease-fire Agreement among the people in Darfur, including information regarding activities of the CFC, freedom of movement, civic action, and others.

- Medical Support Team:

Provides necessary health and medical care and advice to the CFC. -

Government of Sudan Team:

Conducts liaison with the GoS.

- SLM Team:

Conducts liaison with the SLM/A. - JEM Team:

Conducts liaison with the JEM.

IV. MODALITIES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFICATION

a. Under the orders of the Chairman, members of the CFC can be deployed anywhere in Darfur to monitor and report on compliance with the provisions of the Cease-fire Agreement and when necessary investigate any alleged violations of the Agreement.

When deployed, the CFC shall organize itself as a team.

The team leader will be designated by the Chairman/Deputy Chairman.

b. The CFC will investigate all credible reports of violations of the Ceasefire Agreement.

The CFC may conduct its inspections and investigations by road or by air.

c. Each of the Parties and the international community shall provide two liaison officers per sector, to be available to participate in investigations at any time.

The non-provision of liaison personnel by the Parties to investigate shall be considered as a violation of the Agreement.

d. Following an investigation, the CFC shall endeavor to reach its decisions by consensus.

In the event that any of the parties disagrees with the final decision of the CFC, that Party will seek redress from the Joint Commission (JC).

e. The CFC shall seek to advance the process through confidence building visits in the region.

The CFC will maintain regular liaison with the parties as well as UN Agencies, the ICRC and NGOs.

The CFC will also visit IDP sites and other areas.

f. The parties shall provide the Chairman of the CFC, or his designated Representative, immediately upon request, information required for the implementation of the Darfur Ceasefire Agreement on the understanding that the information shall be held confidential by the Chairman.

g. The Parties shall give the CFC and its personnel unrestricted freedom of movement and access throughout Darfur.

The Sector Commander shall inform all members of the Observer team of all their future movements.

It will be the responsibility of Liaison Officers to inform their respective Commanders of such movements.

h. A Status of Mission Agreement (SOMA) will be signed with the Government of The Sudan.

Addis Ababa, 28 May 2004

For the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army:

Mini Arkou Minawi, Secretary General

For the Government of Sudan:

H.E. Osman Elsaïd, Ambassador of the Republic of The Sudan in Ethopia

For the Justice and Equality Movement:

Ahmed Mohamed Tugod Lissan

For the Chadian Mediation:

H.E. Maïtine Djoumbé,Ambassador of the Republic of Chad to Ethiopia

For the African Union:

H.E. Saïd Djinnit,Commissioner for Peace and Security

PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEASEFIRE COMMISSION AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF OBSERVERS IN DARFUR

I. MISSION

1. To establish a Ceasefire Commission (CFC) and implement the mandate as per the Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement signed on 8 April 2004 in N'Djamena, Chad.

II. EXECUTION 2.

General Outline.

The mission will be conducted in four phases as follows:

Phase 1.

Establish a Liaison Office in Khartoum and an Advance team office in El-Fashir;

Phase 2.

Establish CFC HQ, Logistic Base and Sector HQ at El Fashir with rapid expansion to other sectors at:

Sector 1 - El Fashir

Sector 2 - Nyala

Sector 3 - Al Geneina

Sector 4 - Kabkabiyah

Sector 5 - Tine (see Phase 3) Sector 6 - Abeche (Chad)

Phase 3.

Conduct Monitoring operations as mandated in the Ceasefire Agreement ;

Expand operation to establish Sector HQ at Tine;

Phase 4.

Redeployment. (

To be decided) III.

COMPOSITION AND TASKS

A. LIAISON OFFICE - KHARTOUM

3. A Liaison office will be required in Khartoum to undertake a number of administrative and logistic functions.

In addition, it will provide an interface with the political level and a point of contact for the UN, IOs and NGOs and local contractors.

It will provide a node for contracted logistic support and a transit facility for incoming/outgoing mission personnel.

The Office will require the following staff:

a. Political Officer (Head of the Office) 01 b. Administrative Officer 01

c. Finance Officer 01

d. Procurement Officer 01

e. Clerical Staff (who are bilingual, Arabic and English) 04 f. Security guard 04

B. CFC HQ

4. The CFC HQ located at Al Fashir is to have four elements:

a. CFC

b. Monitoring Component;

c. Support Component;

d. Mission Protection;

In addition to the HQ elements, Sector 1 will be co-located at Al Fashir.

CFC

5. The CFC HQ shall be composed as follows:

Chairman (appointed by the AU) 01 Deputy Chairman (EU) 01

African Union 02

Chadian Mediation 02

GoS 02 JEM 02 SLM/A 02

Members from UN or US may be incorporated as observers on request by anyone of the Parties or International Community.

Support Staff (International)

Chief Administrative Officer (CAO) 01

Humanitarian Affairs Officer 01

Public Information Officer (PIO) 01

Personnel Officer 01

Administrative Officer 01

Procurement Officer 01

Transport/Mov Con Officer 01

Supply Officer 01

Finance Officer 03

Medical Officer 01

Bilingual - Arabic and English - Secretary 01

Support Staff (Local)

Interpreters (Arabic and English) 02

Drivers/ Messengers 04

Office Cleaners 02

Procurement assistant 01

Support Staff 05 MONITORING COMPONENT/CMO OFFICE

6. The Military Component is comprised as follows:

Operations Chief Military Observer (CMO) 01 Ops Staff 03

Mission Information Officer 02

Comms/IT Officer 01

Comms/IT Technicians 04 VSAT Technician 02 Engineer Officer 01

Ops Clerk 02

C. SECTORS

7. There are to be Sector HQs located as follows:

Sector 1 - Al Fashir

Sector 2 - Nyala

Sector 3 - Al Geneina

Sector 4 - Kabkabiyah Sector 5 - Tine

Sector 6 - Abeche (Chad)

8. Each Sector shall be composed as follows:

a) Sector HQ

Sector Commander (African Union) 01

2nd IC/OPS (African Union) 02 Chadian Mediation 01

US or EU Representatives 01

Interpreter/Translator 02

Communication Technicians 02

Support Staff:

- Camp Manager 01* (subject to catering and cleaning contract)

- Vehicle Mechanic 01

- Supply assistant 01

- Electrician/Generator Technician 01 b) Teams

Two teams in each sector and each team will be composed as follows:

Team Leader + one (African Union) 02

EU or US Representative 01

GoS 01

SLM/A 01

JEM 01

Chadian Mediation 01

Interpreter 01

9. It is assumed also that the two teams will be located in the Sector Headquarters and will each be assigned, areas of responsibility within the Sector.

However, teams may be subsequently relocated to other locations, as may be required by the operational requirements.

10. The purpose of the advance Party is to establish operational bases at designated locations and to facilitate the arrival of the monitoring component.