Country/entity

South Sudan
Sudan
Southern Kordofan - Blue Nile - Abyei

Region

Africa (excl MENA)

Agreement name

The peaceful co-existence conference between the Dinka tribe of Pariang County in Unity State and the Misseriyya Tribe (Alfulita) of Kilek locality in Southern Kordofan State

Date

22 Dec 2009

Agreement status

Multiparty signed/agreed

Interim arrangement

Yes

Agreement/conflict level

Intrastate/local conflict

Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )

Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.

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Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )

Stage

Framework/substantive - partial

Conflict nature

Inter-group

Peace process

Kordofan - Blue Nile - Abyei process

Parties

In behalf of Pariang County.
1. Chief Malual Menyiel Ayuel
2. Chief Mabil Thon Kech
3. Ustaz. William Wien Maker Bol
4. Lt Police. Yuahna Makuach Chol
5. Ustaz Salbano Nuoi Malek
6. Ustaz, John Mading Chan - Secretary

In Behalf of Kilek Locality

1. El-amiir Eissa Musa Rahma
2. El-omda Abubeker Dawood Yusif
3. El-amiir Amad Adam Amad
4. El-ammir Ismail Mani Ismail
5. El omda Musa Bahib Mukhtaar
6. El-omda Adam El-siad Adan
7. Capt. Police Adam Rabha Dum Secretary

Third parties

1. Col Mabek Lang Mading Pariang County Commissioner
2. PSC Brig Bender Ibrahim Abu Bulul Locality Commissioner

Description

Local conference aimed at promoting co-existence between the Dinka tribe of Pariang County and the Messiria tribe of Kilek Locality. Key Decisions from the conference was the establishment of a joint-Court for future incidents, assign a joint police force, to conduct monthly meetings between the two localities, to disarm the Merriria that enter Pariang, to establish a joint police station, to ensure the oil company funds the security of the Pariang-Kilek road, establish the tax rate for nomadic herders, among other aspects.

Agreement document

SD_091222_Dinka-Messeriya Agreement.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Local agreement properties

Process type

Formal structured process

Rationale

This agreement was negotiated 'under the supervision of' a county commissioner and a local government commissioner. Both commissioners endorsed the agreement. Although not directly linked to this agreement, there are examples of other agreements in the area between Dinka and Misseriya groups (for example agreement 'Misseriyya and Dinka Ngok Conference, Conference Agreement, Kadugli' of 13/01/2011).

Is there a documented link to a national peace process?

No

Link to national process: articulated rationale

Neither the agreement text nor limited background research suggests a link to the national-level peace process.

Name of Locale

South Kordufan (Sudan) - Unity State (South Sudan) border area

Nature of Locale

Region

GPS Lat/Long (DD)

10.124903, 29.976785

Participant type

Local state actor
Domestic religious organisation/leader or other elder

Mediator, facilitator or similar

Mediator or similar referred to

Mediator (references)

'Under the supervision of' (page 1): Col Mabek Lang Mading Biluei, Pariang Country Commissioner; PSC Brig Bender Ibrahim Abu El-Bulul-Kilek, Locality commissioner

Type of mediator/facilitator/similar

Local state actor

Local issues

Ritual/prayer and process (including use of scripture)

No specific mention.

Grievance List

Page 2, Conference Resolutions, 2. Payment of blood compensations of the victims and returning of the loosed properties to the owners of the two parties from 2009 two month starting the date of signatory.

Cattle rustling/banditry

No specific mention.

Social cover

Pages 1-2, Decisions, 2. To assign a joint police force from the two counties (Localities) to follow up reported cases between Pariang and Kilek and to exchange criminals from both side.
...
4. To exchange the handing of criminal and be presented to the joint court in Darekuach