Country/entity

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia (former)

Region

Europe and Eurasia

Agreement name

Agreement

Date

4 Mar 1994

Agreement status

Multiparty signed/agreed

Interim arrangement

Yes

Agreement/conflict level

Intrastate/local conflict

Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)

Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.

Close

Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)

Stage

Pre-negotiation/process

Conflict nature

Government/territory

Peace process

Bosnia peace process

Parties

On behalf of BiH [see PDF for signature]
On behalf of HR HB [see PDF for signature]

Third parties

Witness, UNPROFOR [unsigned]

Description

Short agreement provides for evacuation of 19 sick and elderly people from the left bank of Mostar on 10 March 1994.

Agreement document

BA_940304_Sporazum_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Agreement document (original language)

BA_940304_Sporazum_CR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Local agreement properties

Process type

Unable to establish

Rationale

UNPROFOR reports and testimony submitted to the ICTY, and media reporting suggests that there was a persistent practice of negotiating and signing limited agreements between the War Presidency of the eastern bank of Mostar and the HVO conducted at the Spanish Battalion UNPOFOR headquarters in Medugorje, however, it is unclear how this agreement fits with this practice.

Is there a documented link to a national peace process?

No

Link to national process: articulated rationale

The agreement does not make reference to the national process, and despite there being reported humanitarian evacuations in Moster relating to a national ceasefire at the same time, there is not enough publicly-available information to link this agreement to that process.

Name of Locale

Left bank of Mostar

Nature of Locale

Smaller

GPS Lat/Long (DD)

43.340005, 17.814459

Participant type

International or transnational actor
Local community/civilian group(s)/civil society organisations

Mediator, facilitator or similar

No mention of mediator or similar

Local issues

Ritual/prayer and process (including use of scripture)

No specific mention.

Grievance List

No specific mention.

Cattle rustling/banditry

No specific mention.

Social cover

No specific mention.