Qamishlo Agreement
- Country/entitySyria
- RegionMiddle East and North Africa
- Agreement nameQamishlo Agreement
- Date22 Apr 2016
- Agreement statusMultiparty signed/agreed
- Interim arrangementYes
- Agreement/conflict levelIntrastate/local conflict ()
- StageCeasefire/related
- Conflict natureGovernment
- Peace processIntra-Syrian Process (state/non-state)
- PartiesRojava administration, Cizîr Canton Internal Affairs Council Co-President;
The Ba’athist regime, Kenan Berekat; - Third partiesElders of the area;
Sheikhs of the clans - DescriptionShort ceasefire agreement between the Rojava Administration and the Syrian regime, providing for the dismantlement of the NDF paramilitary; an end to threats by the regime; release of prisoners; reparation for civilians; an end to interference by the regime in the town's affairs; an end to martial law; both sides keep the territory they currently own; the Rojava youth will not be forcibly drafted. Agreement does not contain an explicit cessation of hostilities clause, but this is implicated from the other areas of agreement.
- Agreement document
Local agreement properties
- Process typeIsolated example
- Rationale-> Local issues only; no external support mechanism; no culture of signing It seems that no formally established mechanism supported the negotiation. The agreement is circumscribed to a specific event, which is the three-day urban battle between the paramilitary police of the Asayish and the pro-government National Defence Forces in Qashmili. This is the first agreement of its kind signed between the two parties; the Kurdish leadership has always been very reluctant to make peace with the government forces before. There is thus no culture of peace agreement in this instance.
- Is there a documented link to a national peace process?No
- Link to national process: articulated rationaleIt seems complicated to link this agreement with the national peace process, although it involves the Syrian government. During a peace conference that announced the agreement, Berekat, the representative of the Kurdish Democratic Self-Administration emphasised that the Kurdish administration would not accept any system in Rojava other than Democratic Autonomy.
- Name of LocaleQamsihlo [Qamishli]
- Nature Of LocaleCity
- GPS Lat/Long (DD)37.051975, 41.230019
- Participant typeCentral state actor
Local state actor
Domestic religious organisation/leader or other elder - Mediator, facilitator or similarMediator or similar referred toMediator (references)A follow-up statement released by one of the parties mentions that the ceasefire was reached "after the involvement of elders of the area and the sheikhs of the clans".Type of mediator/facilitator/similarDomestic religious organisation/leader or other elder
Local issues
- Ritual/prayer and process (including use of scripture)
No specific mention.
- Grievance ListAlthough the agreement does not refer to specific causes of the conflict, it lists nine provisions to address local grievances.
Page 1,
1. Both sides will abide to the ceasefire
2. The paramilitary NDF affiliated with the regime will be reviewed and later dismantled
3. The regime will not force public officials to take up arms and will not threaten them with
dismissal or pay cuts
4. Both sides to release those taken captive
5. Material help to civilians who were affected by the attacks on the neighborhoods, in
addition to compensation to families of killed civilians.
6. Regime forces will not interfere with people’s internal affairs
7. End to martial law in town
8. All forces keep the areas they now have
9. Youth from Rojava is not to be forced into military service in SAA. - Cattle rustling/banditry
No specific mention.
- Social cover
No specific mention.
Qamsihlo Agreement
Clauses of the agreement reached by the Rojava administration and the Ba’athist regime:
Both sides will abide to the ceasefire
The paramilitary NDF affiliated with the regime will be reviewed and later dismantled
The regime will not force public officials to take up arms and will not threaten them with dismissal or pay cuts
Both sides to release those taken captive
Material help to civilians who were affected by the attacks on the neighborhoods, in addition to compensation to families of killed civilians.
Regime forces will not interfere with people’s internal affairs
End to martial law in town
All forces keep the areas they now have
Youth from Rojava is not to be forced into military service in SAA.
Cizîr Canton Internal Affairs Council Co-President
Kenan Berekat Syrian Government